Homer's Batrachomyomachia, hymns and epigrams

TO

SAMUEL WELLER SINGER, ESQ., F.S.A.

THROUGH WHOSE LABOURS

THE EDITOR WAS INTRODUCED

TO THE KNOWLEDGE OP

GEORGE CHAPMAN AND HIS WORKS,
THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED.

3Lxbrat£ of ©lb Butbors*

HOMER'S BATRACHOMYOMACHIA,

HYMNS AND EPIGRAMS.

HESIOUS WORKS AND DAYS.
MUSJBUS? HERO AND LEANDER.
JUVENAL'S FIFTH SATIRE.

TRANSLATED

BY GEOBGE CHAPMAN.

WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES,
BY THE

REV. RICHARD HOOPER, M.A.,

VICAR OF UPTON AND ASTON TJPTHORPE, BERKS.

SECOND EDITION,

TO WHICH IS ADDED A GLOSSARJAL INDEX TO THE WHOLE OF

chapman's classical translations.

LONDON:
JOHN RUSSELL SMITH.

1888.

ADVERTISEMENT.

In accordance with a promise made in the Adver-
tisement to the Second Edition of Chapman's
Odyssey, the Editor here adds a Glossarial Index
to the whole of Chapman's Classical Translations,
which he trusts will give a valuable completeness
to a set of volumes which appear to have established
themselves in public favour.

Upton, Berks,

May 12, 1888.

INTRODUCTION".

IT length, reader, you have the fifth, and
concluding, volume of George Chapman's
Translations. Besides its literary value,
it is a bibliographical curiosity; and I
cannot permit it to appear without expressing my ad-
miration of the spirit and enterprise of the Publisher.
He has spared no expense in endeavouring to give to
the world, for the first time, a complete collection of the
labours of one of the greatest Translators of the Eliza-
bethan period. Hitherto Chapman's Translations, from
their rarity, were known to a few only, and were sup-
posed by the multitude to be so antiquated — nay, ob-
solete — and obscure, as to be hardly worth the labour of
search. I trust, now that they are within the reach of
all, that it will be found that they are of genuine value ;
and amongst the noblest monuments of a pre-eminently
great age. I am quite sensible of their many defects —
nay, I am free to confess that they are frequently harsh
and rugged; but at the same time, as I have carefully
read through the originals with them, I am wonderfully
struck with their many exquisite beauties. When I
first saw the sentence of William Godwin, that "the

viii INT ROD UGTION.

Translation of Homer, published by George Chapman
in the reigns of Q. Elizabeth and K. James, is one of
the greatest treasures the English language has to boast"
I confess I was inclined to demur ; but when I attentively-
read it, and marked the spirit, the roughness and sim-
plicity, the singular sweetness of the epithets, the
richness of the language in many of the lines, the grand-
eur of many of the scenes, and when I compared these
with Pope, Cowper, and Sotheby, and with the new
translation by Professor P. W. Newman (whose metre,
by the bye, however adapted for short passages, sadly
wearies in a long perusal*), I could not but be impressed
with the superiority of Chapman, and not only with
his work as a representation of the Homeric mind, but
as a most valuable contribution to our English poetry.

I am sometimes inclined to think that his readers are
not apt to realize (to use a modern term) the metre of
his Iliads, that it is in truth simply our common ballad-
metre. I am quite conscious that he has not a com-
plete mastery over it — such, for instance, as Arthur
Golding has in his "Ovid's Metamorphoses" — but still
if we would read his long lines throughout as two — thus :

John Gilpin was a citizen, of credit and renown ;

A trained-band captain eke was he, of famous London town ;-

the measure would soon accustom itself to our ear, and
we should see, with Lamb, that it is "capable of all
sweetness and grandeur," and that " Chapman gallops off
with you his own free pace, &c." That Chapman re-
quires study, I consider one of his merits. So do all our
best old writers. It is this study that makes them

* Mr. Newman's version may be accurate and valuable, but
we can hardly call it poetical.

INTRODUCTION. ix

valuable, that instils into us their nerve and vigour, that
enables us to draw from them freshness and health in
ideas and language. But it must not be supposed that
I wish to offer an apology or defence for good old George.
He is perfectly able to defend himself ; and the reader
must beware lest (as hearty Christopher North warns
him) he rouse the ghost of Master Chapman, who will
assuredly call him " a certain envious windsucker, that
hovers up and down, laboriously engrossing all the air
with his luxurious ambition, and buzzing into every ear
my detraction " — and again, " a castrill with too hot a
liver, and lust after his own glory, and, to devour all
himself, discouraging all appetites to the fame of an-
other."* But as I have spoken so much on this sub-
ject in the " Introductions" to the Iliad and Odyssey, it
is time to return to the present volume.

It is a bibliographical curiosity, inasmuch as all the
pieces in it are of more or less rarity. Chapman seems
to have been determined to translate every possible, or
probable, portion of Homer. Hence, having finished
the Iliad and Odyssey, he published " The Growne of
all Homer's Workes, Batrachomyomachia ; or the
Battaile of Frogs and Mise. His Hymnes and Epi-
grams. Translated according to the originally by
George Chapman. London. Printed by John Bill,
his Maiestie's Printer "^ This very rare volume is a
thin folio, the contents of which are here presented to
the reader. It has an exquisitely engraved title, by
William Pass ; of which we have endeavoured to give a

* See Preface to Iliads, pp. lxvii-viii.
f He considers it his destiny, —

"The work that I was born to do is done ! "

x INTRODUCTION.

facsimile. It is not necessary to inquire into the authen-
ticity of the (so-styled) Homeric Hymns. It will be
sufficient to inform the reader that Chapman is the only
writer who has translated the whole of the works ascribed
to Homer.

The original folio has been entirely followed in the
present edition. Copies are now only to be purchased
by those who can indulge in the luxuries of literature,
if books of extreme rarity may be so called. Of this
folio, a large paper copy is in the Archiepiscopal
Library at Lambeth ; the only one I have seen. Messrs.
Boone of Bond Street, whose collection of fine books is
as well known as the liberality with which they com-
municate information on them, have permitted me to
transcribe a dedication, in Chapman's autograph, from
.a beautiful copy in their possession (since sold). It is
as follows : — " In love if honor of y e Righte virtuouse
and icorthie Gent : M x Henry Reynolds, and to crowne
all his deservings with eternall memorie, Geo. Chapman
formes this Crowne & conclusion of all the Homericall
meritts tv th his aceomplisht Improvements; advising
that if at first sighte he seeme darcke or toofierie, He
icill yet holde him fast (like Proteus) till he appere in
his propper similitude, and he will then shewe himself e

— vatem egregium, cui non cit publico, vena,
Qui nihil expositum soleat deducere ; nee qui
Communi feriat carmen triviale monetd."*

This book has been wrongly described in a former
" Introduction," as having a presentation Sonnet. Chap-
man has with his pen made an alteration in his portrait,
as possessing too much beard ; and in the Preface, in

* Juvenal. Sat. vn. 53.

INTRODUCTION xi

the passage "all for devouring a mouse/' lie writes
drowning ; and in the final Poem (line 17) for
All is extuberance and excretion all,

he reads " and tumor all."

The date of the folio is probably about 1624. In the
year 1818, my friend Mr. Singer* (to whom I dedicate
this volume with the sincerest gratification) published
an elegant edition of these Hymns, &c. at Chiswick. It
contained two fine original poems by Chapman (first
printed 1594) entitled " The Shadoive of Night: con-
taining two poetical hymnes, devised by G. C. Gent."'
It formed one of Mr. Singer's series of " Select Early
English Poets," and has long since been numbered
amongst scarce books, as but a limited impression was
given. The original edition of " The Shadowe of Night "
is very rare.

The version of the " Georgics of Hesiod " was so dif-
ficult to find in Warton's time, that he doubted its ex-
istence, (see Hist, of English Poetry, in. 360. eel. 1840,)
although he discovered its entry in the Stationers' Re-
gisters. It is a small 4to. of 40 pp. As may be pre-
sumed from its extreme rarity, its price is usually very

* I avail myself of this opportunity of congratulating
this veteran in Elizabethan Literature on his having lived to
see the day when all Chapman's Translations have been re-
published. His many reprints of earty books (all testifying,
by the eagerness with which they are sought, to his ability and
accuracy) led the public to look back to our sterling old writers.
Nor should we forget that Mr. Singer was the associate of Sir
Egerton Brydges, Haslewood, and others, who loved these
writers when they were comparatively unknown. Mr. Singer
expressed a wish in the {preface to the above-cited work, "that
sufficient encouragement might be given to print Chapman's
entire translation of Homer in a compressed and unostenta-
tious portable form."

xii INTRODUCTION.

great. A good copy may be worth ten guineas ; it has
reached eighteen. The largest I have seen is that in
the Malone Collection in the Bodleian. There is a fair
one in the General Library of the British Museum ;
that in the Grenville (as has my own) has been much
injured by the binder cutting into the notes, which are
in the margin. Of this work, which is sadly misprinted
in the original 4 to., the present edition is the first reprint;
and I have spared no pains to make it as accurate as
possible. Its value as a Translation has been acknow-
ledged by our best Translator of Hesiod, Elton. I
trust, both from its rarity, and its intrinsic merits, it will
be found an acceptable addition to the present volume.
' The title is a facsimile of the original edition.

The " Hero and Leander " of Musseus is perhaps one of
the rarest books in the whole range of English Literature.
I have never heard of any copy but that in the Bodleian
Library at Oxford ; and I presume it to be unique.
Dr. Bliss has given a full account of this very diminutive
volume in vol. n. col. 9. of his edition of Wood's
"Athense Oxonienses." It is about two inches long,
and one broad. I most carefully transcribed it, and
hoice visited Oxford to ensure the accuracy of this re-
print. Chapman, it will be remembered, had continued
Mario w's poem on the same subject ; but this is a trans-
lation from the Greek of (the so-called) Musseus. The
original edition being so extremely small, the lines are
printed thus : —

"Goddess, relate

The witnesse-bearing light
Of loves, that would not beare

A human sight.

I NT ROD UGTION. xiii

The sea-man

That transported marriages,
Shipt in the night,

His bosom ploughing the seas."

The title prefixed to this present edition is a facsimile
(in a larger size) of the original.

The translation of the Fifth Satire of Juvenal is ap-
pended to "A Justification of a Strange action of Nero
in burying toith a solemne Funerall one of the cast
hay res of his Mistress Poppcea ; also a just Reproofe
of a Romane Smellfeast, being the fifth Satyre of Juve-
nall" 4to. 1629. The Tract was not worth reprinting.
The Juvenal has been given to complete Chapman's
Classical Translations. It is very scarce, and fetches
a high price.

Thus, reader, are you presented with this Chapmanni
garland of rarities. In yonr hands I leave them.

By the usual kindness of J. Payne Collier, Esq. I am
enabled to give a copy of the Sonnet to Sir Thomas
Walsingham, prefixed to one or two copies of Chap-
man's "All Fools." (See Odyssey, p. xxn.) It is
printed verbatim.

TO MY LONG LOU'D AND HONOURABLE FRIEND,
SIR THOMAS WALSINGHAM, KNIGHT.

Should I expose to euery common eye,

The least allow'd birth of my shaken braine ;

And not entitle it perticulerly

To your acceptance, I were wurse then vaine.

And though I am most loth to passe your sight
with any such light marke of vanitie,

xiv INTR D UGT1 ON.

Being markt with Age for Aimes of greater weight,-*

and drownd in darke Death-vshering melancholy,
Yet least by others stealth it be. imprest,

without my pasport, patcht with others wit,
Of two enforst ills I elect the least ;
and so desire your loue will censure it ;

Though my old fortune keepe me still obscure,
The light shall still bewray my ould loue sure.

The reader is requested to correct the following
" Faults escaped," before perusing the volume.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

jjPISTLE Dedicatory xxi.

The Batrachomyomachia 1

Hymn to Apollo ... 18

Hymn to Hermes 46

First Hymn to Venus 79

Second Hymn to Venus 95

Bacchus or the Pirates 98

Hymn to Mars 100

to Diana 101

Third Hymn to Venus 102

Hymn to Pallas 102

to Juno 103

to Ceres 103

toOybele 103

to Hercules 104

to JEsculapius 105

to Castor and Pollux 105

to Mercury 106

to Pan 106

to Vulcan 109

to Phoebus 110

to Neptune 110

to Jove Ill

to Vesta Ill

to the Muses and Apollo 112

— to Bacchus 112

to Diana 113

to Pallas 114

to Vesta and Mercury 115

To Earth 116

b

CONTENTS.

Hymn to the Sun .............. 118

— to the Moon 119

to Castor and Pollux .......... 120

to Men of Hospitality 121

EPIGRAMS AND OTHER POEMS.

ToCuma 122

In his Return to Cuma 122

Upon the Sepulchre of Mid us 123

Cuma, refusing to eternize their State, &c. ..... 123

An Essay of his begun Iliads 125

To Thestor's Son inquisitive about the Causes of Things . 125

To Neptune 125

To the City of Erythrsea 126

To Mariners 126

The Pine 127

ToGlaucus 128

Against the Samian Ministress or Nun 128

Written on the Council Chamber 129

Tlie Furnace called in to sing by Potters 129

Eiresione, or the Olive Branch 131

To Certain Fisher-Boys pleasing him with Riddles . . . 132
The Translator's Epilogue J 33

END OF THE TRANSLATIONS OP HOMER.

The ( ieorgics of Hesiod ...... 137

Hesiod's Book of Days 201

The Hero and Leander of Museeus . 207

The Fifth Satire of Juvenal .......... 237

CROWNEgf*// HOMER'S WORKES,

Batrachomyomachia ;

OR,

The Battaile of Frogs and Mife.

HIS HYMNES AND EPIGRAMS.

Tranjlated according to y e Originall
By George Chapman.

London :
Printed by Iohn Bill, his MAIESTIE'S Printer.

TO MY EVER MOST- WORTHY-TO-BE-MOST

HONOURED LORD,

THE EARL OF SOMERSET, &c.

i OT forc'd by fortune, but since your free
mind
(Made by affliction) rests in choice re-
signed

To calm retreat, laid quite beneath the wind

Of grace and glory, I well know, my Lord,

You ivould not be entitled to a word

That might a thought remove from your repose,

To thunder and, spit flames, as greatness does,

For all the trumps that still tell where he goes.

Of which trumps Dedication being one,

MethinJcs I see you start to hear it blown. 1{l

But this is no such trump as summons lords
5 Gainst Envy's steel to draw their leaden swords,
Or 'gainst haredippd Detraction, Contempt,
All which from all resistance stand exempt,
It being as hard to sever wrong from merit, 35 '

As meat-indu'd from blood, or blood from spirit.
Nor in the spirit's chariot rides the soul
In bodies chaste, with more divine control,

xxii THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.

Nor virtue shines more in a lovely face,

Than true desert is stuck off with disgrace.

And therefore Truth itself that had to bless

The merit of it all, Almightiness,

Would not protect it from the bane and ban

Of all moods most distraught and Stygian ;

As counting it the crown of all desert,

Borne to heaven, to take of earth, no part

Of false joy here, for joys-there-endless troth,

Nor sell his birthright for a mess of broth.

But stay and still sustain, and his bliss bring,

Like to the hatching of the blackthorn's spring,

With bitter frosts, and smarting hailstorms, forth.

Fates love bees' labours ; only Pain avion* s Worth.

This Dedication calls no greatness, then,

To patron this greatness-creating pen,

Nor you to add to your dead calm a breath,

For those arm'd angels, that in spite of death

Inspired those flow rs that lor ought this Poet's loreath,

Shall keep it ever, Poesy's steepest star,

As in Earth' s flaming walls, Heaven's sevenfold Car,

From all the wilds of Neptune's tvafry sphere,

For ever guards the Erymanthian bear.

Since then your Lordship settles in your shade
A life retir'd, and no retreat is made
But to some strength, (for else 'tis no retreat,
But rudely running from your battle's heat)
I give this as your strength; your strength, my Lord,
In counsels and examples, that afford
More guard than tohole hosts of corporeal pow'r,
And more deliverance teach the fatal hour.

Turn not your med'cine then to your disease,

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. xxiii

By your too set and slight repulse of these,
The adjuncts of your matchless Odysses ;
Since on that 'wisest mind of man relies
Refuge from all life's infelicities.

Nor sing these such division from them, 5o

But that these spin the thread of the same stream
From one self distaffs stuff ; for Poesy 7 s pen,
Through all themes, is f inform the lives of men ;
All whose retreats need strengths of all degrees ;
Without ivhich, had you even Herculean knees, { '°

Your foes 7 fresh charges would at length prevail,
To leave your noblest suff ranee no least sail.
Strength then the object is of all retreats ;
Strength needs no friends'' trust ; strength your foes

defeats.
Retire to strength, then, of eternal things, m

And y 7 are eternal ; for our knowing springs
Flow into those tilings that we truly know,
Which being eternal, ive are render 7 d so.
And though your high-fix d light pass infinite far
Th 7 adviceful guide of my still-trembling star, 70

Yet hear what my discharged piece must foretel,
Standing your poor and perdue sentinel.
Zings may perhaps wish even your beggar 7 s-voice
2o their eternities, how scorn 7 d a choice
Soever noiv it lies ; and (dead) I may 7o

Extend your life to lighfs extremest ray.
If not, your Homer yet past doubt shall make
Imnortal, like himself, your bounty 7 s stake
Putin my hands, to propagate your fame ;
Sucl virtue reigns in such united name. so

Rdire to him then for advice, and skill,

xxiv THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.

To know things call'd worst, best ; and best, most ill.
Which known, truths best choose, and retire to still.
And as our English general, (whose name
Shall equal interest find in ih' house of fame 85

With all Earth's greatest commanders,) in retreat
To Belgian Gant, stood all Spain's armies' heat
By Parma led, though but one thousand strong ;
Three miles together thrusting through the throng
Of th' enemy's horse, still pouring on their fall 90

r Twixt him and home, and thunder' d tl trough them all ;
The Gallic Monsieur standing on the wall,
And wond'ring at his dreadful discipline,
Fir'd with a valour that spit spirit divine ;
In five battallions ranging all his men, 95

BHstl'd ivith pikes, and flank' d with flankers ten ;
Gave fire still in his rear ; retir'd, and wrought
Down to his fix' d strength still ; retir'd and fought ;
All the battallions of the enemy's horse
Storming upon him still their fieriest force ; 10(y

Charge upon charge laid fresh ; he, fresh as day,
Repulsing all, and forcing glorious way
Into the gates, that gasp'd, (as swoons for air,)
And took their life in, with untouch \l repair : —
So fight out, siveet Earl, your retreat in peace ; m

No ope-war equals that where privy prease
Of never-number' d odds of enemy,
Arm'd all by envy, in blind ambush lie,
To rush out like an opening threatning sky,
Broke all in meteors round about your ears. 1J0

84 A simile illustrating the most renowned service of General
Norris in his retreat before Gant, never before made sacred
to memory. — Chapman.

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. xxv

'Gainst ichich, though far from hence, through all your

■rears,
Have fires prepaid ; wisdom with wisdom flank,,
And all your forces range in present rank ;
Retiring as you note fought in your strength,
From all the force laid, in time's utmost length, 115

To charge, and basely come on you behind.
The doctrine of all tvhich you here shall find,
And in the true glass of a human mind.
Your Odysses, the body letting see

All his life past, through infelicity, m

And manage of it all. In tvhich to friend,
The full Muse brings you both the prime and end
Of all arts ambient in the orb of man :
Which never darkness most Cimmerian
Can give eclipse, since, blind, he all things saw, 125

And, to all ever since liv'cl lord and laiv.
And though our mere-leam'd men, and modern wise,
Taste not poor Poesy's ingenuities,
Being crusted with their covetous leprosies,
But hold her pains tvorse than the spiders' work, im '

And lighter than the shadow of a cork,
Yet th' ancient learn' d, heat with celestial fire,
Affirms her flames so sacred and entire,
That not without God's greatest grace she can
Fall in the ivid'st capacity of man. 135

If yet the vile soul of this verminous time
Love more the sale-muse, and the squirrel's chime,
Than this full sphere of poesy's stveetest prime,
Give them unenvied their vain vein and vent,

135 Ut non sine maximo favore Dei comparari queat.

Platonis in Ionte.

xxvi THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY,

And rest your wings in his appro tM ascent j4 °

That yet ivas never reached, nor ever fell
Into affections, bought with things that sell,
Being the sun's flower, and wrapt so in his sky
Me cannot yield to every candle's eye.

Whose most worthy discoveries, to your lordship* h
judicial perspective, in most subdue humility
submitteth,

GEORGE CHAPMAN.

NOTE.

On this Epistle Dedicatory, Coleridge remarks : " Chap-
man's identification of his fate with Homer's, and his complete
forgetfulness of the distinction between Christianity and idol-
atry, under the general feeling of some religion, is very in-
teresting. It is amusing to observe, how familiar Chapman's
fancy has become with Homer, his life and circumstances,
though the very existence of any such individual, at least with
regard to the Iliad and Hymns, is more than problematic."

THE OCCASION" OF THIS IMPOSED
CKOWNE.

JPTEK this not only Prime of Poets, but-
Philosophers, had written his two great
poems of Iliads and Odyssey s ; which (for
their first lights born before all learning)
were worthily called the Sun and Moon of the Earth ;
finding no compensation, he writ in contempt of men
this ridiculous poem of Vermin, giving them nobility of
birth, valorous elocution not inferior to his heroes. At
which the Gods themselves, put in amaze, called councils
about their assistance of either army, and the justice of
their quarrels, even to the mounting of Jove's artillery
against them, and discharge of his three-forked flashes ;.
and all for the drowning* of a mouse. After which
slight and only recreative touch, he betook him seriously
to the honour of the Gods, in Hymns resounding all
their peculiar titles, jurisdictions, and dignities ; which
he illustrates at all parts, as he had been continually
conversant amongst them ; and whatsoever authentic
Poesy he omitted in the episodes contained in his Iliads
and Odysseys, he comprehends and concludes in his

* This is Chapman's MS. correction for devouring in the folio.

Hymns and Epigrams. All his observance and honour
-of the Gods, rather moved their envies against him, than
their rewards, or respects of his endeavours. And so
like a man verecundi ingenii (which he witnesseth of
himself) he lived unhonoured and needy till his death ;
and yet notwithstanding all men's servile and manacled
miseries, to his most absolute and never-equalled merit,
yea even bursten profusion to imposture and impiety,
hear our ever-the-same intranced, and never-sleeping,
Master of the Muses, to his last accents, incomparably
: singing.

FAULTS ESCAPED.

Hymn to Venus, 1. 121, place comma after past, and destroy
it after beast in next line. P. 136, 1. 10, destroy comma after
nostrorum.

Hesiod, p. 172, notes, 1. 2, read partum; p. 178, 1. 1, after
hird place semicolon ; p. 1 84, notes, 1. 5, for bother r. brother;
p. 186, 1. 5, after Hellenians place semicolon ; p. 188, 1. 6, put
comma after observing, and destroy it after remain; p. 189, 1. 4,
destroy comma after beds ; p. 191, 1. 4, r. seasons'.

Mus^us, in title put full-stop after originall; 1. 29, then, Love,
is the true reading in the original, therefore destroy note; 198,
r. earthly; 234, for should speed, r. shall; 244, r. "At last this
sweet voice past, and out did break ; " 259, for loose to scandal,
v. friend; annotations, p. 235, last line but two, r. tarn for jam.

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

Bathachomyomachia, line 100, for thither the true reading
is doubtless tti other, notwithstanding the authority of the folio.

Hymn to Hermes, 442, shrouds, i. e. recesses, see line 695.

Hesiod. In consequence of Chapman's own notes being so
numerous, I was unwilling to interpolate explanations of words
(save here and there), but the following may be noted.

Drayton's Introd. Poem, line 1, fraught, i. e. freight. 5, I
print travell, as it is in the original, as it may bear either
meaning of travail or travel. Bk. i. 570, rode, I do not remem-
ber the word, but, if genuine, it would appear to mean supply.
Bk. ii. Ill, clanges; the original 4to. has changes, but Chapman
twice uses the word clanges for the cry of the crane, see Iliad,
in. 5, x. 244. 310, horned house-bearer — snail. 382, imp — add
to, assist. A term in falconry, when a new feather is inserted
in place of a broken one.

In Chapman's Iliad, v. 498-9, occur £he words dites and
diters in reference to winnowing. Nares gives them in his
Glossary citing Chapman as the only authority. It will be
found, however, that the word is nothing more than dights.
See Hesiod, Georgics, Bk. n. 343, and Days, 67.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA.

§J\ T T'BIIS T G the fields, first let my vows
call on
The Muses' whole quire out of Helicon
Into my heart, for such a poem's sake,

As lately I did in my tables take,

And put into report upon my knees. 5

A fight so fierce, as might in all degrees

Fit Mars himself, and his tumultuous hand,

Glorying to dart to th' ears of every land

Of all the voice-divided ; and to show

How bravely did both Frogs and Mice bestow ia

In glorious fight their forces, even the deeds

Daring to imitate of Earth's Giant Seeds.

Thus then men talk'd ; this seed the strife begat :
The Mouse once dry, and 'scaped the dangerous cat,

Drench'd in the neighbour lake her tender beard, 15

To taste the sweetness of the wave it rear'd.

9 Intending men : being divided from all other creatures by
the voice ; j&epoxj;, being a periphrasis, signifying voce di visits,
of fxeipw (neipoiAcu) divido, and 6\f/, ottos, vox. — Chapman.

The notes marked C. are Chapman's.

2 BATRACHOMYOMACHIA.

The far-famed Fen-affecter, seeing Mm, said :
" Ho, stranger S What are you, and whence, that tread
This shore of ours ? Who brought you forth ? Eeply
What truth may witness, lest I find you lie. 20

If worth fruition of my love and me,
I'll have thee home, and hospitality
Of feast and gift, good and magnificent,
Bestow on thee ; for all this confluent
Ee sounds my royalty ; my name, the great 2o

In blown-up-count'nances and looks of threat,
A Physignathus, adored of all Frogs here
All their days' durance, and the empire bear
Of all their beings ; mine own being begot
By royal b Peleus, mix'd in nuptial knot :i0

With fair c liydromedusa, on tlie bounds
Xear which Eridanus his race resounds.
And thee mine eye makes my conceit inclined
To reckon powerful both in form and mind,
A sceptre-bearer, and past others far 85

Advanc'd in all the fiery fights of war.
Come then, thy race to my renown commend."

The Mouse made answer : " Why inquires my friend?
For what so well know men and Deities,
And all the wing'd affecters of the skies ? 40

d Psicharpax I am call'd ; e Troxartes' seed,
Surnamed the mighty-minded. She that freed
Mine eyes from darkness was f Lichomyle,

27 a QvaLyvados, Genets et buccas infians. C

30 b rjfyAetfs, qui ex luto nascitur. 0.

si c'x§po/ot^5oucra. Aquarium regina. C.

32 The river Po, in Italy. C.

4i di&ix&pTra!;. Gather-crum, or ravish-crum. C.

41 e Shear-crust. C. ' 43 f Lick-mill. C.

BATRACHOMYOMAGHIA. 3

King a Pternotroctes' daughter, showing me,

Within an aged hovel, the young light, 45

Fed me with figs and nuts, and all the height

Of varied viands. But unfold the cause,

Why, 'gainst similitude's most equal laws

Observed in friendship, thou mak'st me thy friend ?

Thy life the waters only help t' extend ; 50

Mine, whatsoever men are used to eat,

Takes part with them at shore ; their purest cheat,

Thrice boulted, kneaded, and subdued in paste,

In clean round kymnels, cannot be so fast

From my approaches kept but in I eat ; 55

Nor cheesecakes full of finest Indian wheat.

That crusty-weeds wear, large as ladies' trains ;

Liverings, white-skinn'd as ladies ; nor the strains

Of press'd milk, renneted ; nor collops cut

Fresh from the flitch ; nor junkets, such as put co

Palates divine in appetite ; nor any

•Of all men's delicates, though ne'er so many

Their cooks devise them, who each dish see deckt

With all the dainties all strange soils affect.

Yet am I not so sensual to fly d0

Of fields embattled the most fiery cry,

4i a Bacon-flitch-devourer, or gnawer. C.

52 Cheat — the second sort of wheaten bread, according to
Halliwell, who has well illustrated the word. See also Nares.

54 KymneU — household tubs. Chaucer has kemelin.

57 TavijireirXos. Extenso et promisso peploamictus. A metaphor
taken from ladies' veils, or trains, and therefore their names
;are here added. C.

5y "H7rara Aeu/coxtrwz/a. Livering puddings, white-skinn'd. C.
Livering, i. e. made of liver.

60 Junkets— cheese pressed on rushes. Ital. giuncdta. See
Odyssey, Bk. vi. 107.

6 * UavToda-irou-iv. Whose common exposition is only variis,
when it properly signifies ex omni solo. C.

4 BA TEA GEO MYOMA CHI A.

But rush out straight, and with the first in fight

Mix in adventure. Xo man with affright

Can daunt my forces, though his body be

Of never so immense a quantity,

But making up, even to his bed, access,

His fingers' ends dare with my teeth compress,

His feet taint likewise, and so soft seize both

They shall not taste th 5 impression of a tooth!

Sweet sleep shall hold his own in every eye

Where my tooth takes his tartest liberty.

But two there are, that always, far and near,

Extremely still control my force with fear,

The Cat, and Mght-hawk, who much scathe confer

On all the outrays where for food I err.

Together with the straits-still-keeping trap,

Where lurks deceitful and set-spleen'd mishap.

But most of all the Cat constrains my fear,

Being ever apt t' assault me everywhere ;

For by that hole that hope says I shall 'scape,

At that hole ever she commits my rape.

The best is yet, I eat no pot-herb grass,

Kor radishes, nor coloquintidas,

JSTor still-green beets, nor parsley ; which you make

Your dainties still, that live upon the lake."

The Frog replied : " Stranger, your boasts creep all

Upon their bellies ; though to our lives fall

Much more miraculous meats by lake and land,

Jove tend'ring our lives with a twofold hand,

Enabling us to leap ashore for food,

73 Taint. — i. e. touch, assault. See Iliad, Bk. in. 374.

80 Outrays— see Iliad, Bk. v. 793.

81 ^rovbeacmv, of arevos, angustus. C.
^ s Coloquintidas — pumpkins.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 5

And hide us straight in our retreatful flood.

Which, if you will serve, you may prove with ease.

I'll take you on my shoulders ; which fast seize,

If safe arrival at my house y' intend."

He stoop'd, and thither spritely did ascend, 10 °

Clasping his golden neck, that easy seat

Gave to his sally; who was jocund yet,

Seeing the safe harbours of the king so near,

And he a swimmer so exempt from peer. g

But when he sunk into the purple wave, 105

He mourn'd extremely, and did much deprave

Unprofitable penitence ; his hair

Tore by the roots up, labour'd for the air

With his feet fetch'd up to his belly close ;

His heart within him panted out repose, 110

For th' insolent plight in which his state did stand ;

Sigh'cl bitterly, and long'd to greet the land,

Forced by the dire need of his freezing fear.

First, on the waters he his tail did stere,

Like to a stern; then drew it like an oar, 115

Still praying the Gods to set him safe ashore ;

Yet sunk he midst the red waves more and more,

And laid a throat out to his utmost height ;

Yet in. forced speech he made his peril slight,

And thus his glory with his grievance strove : 120

" Kot in such choice state was the charge of love

Borne by the bull, when to the Cretan shore

He swum Europa through the wavy roar,

As this Frog ferries me, his pallid breast

106 j) e prave— vilify, abuse. See Iliad, Bk. vi. 564:.
114 Stere— this is the old orthography for stir in Chapman,
but it may probably mean steer.
li5 Stem — rudder.

6 BA TEA C HO MYOMA OH I A,

Bravely advancing, and his verdant crest 125

(Submitted to my seat) made my support,

Through his white waters, to his royal court."

But on the sudden did apparance make

An horrid spectacle, — a Water-snake

Thusting his freckled neck above the lake. 130

Which seen to both, away Physignathus

Dived to his deeps, as no way conscious

Of whom he left to perish in his lake,

But shunn'd black fate himself, and let him take

The blackest of it ; who amidst the fen 135

Swum with his breast up, hands held up in vain,

Cried Peepe, and perish'd ; sunk the waters oft,

And often with his sprawlings came aloft,

Yet no way kept down death's relentless force,

But, full of water, made an heavy corse. 140k

Before he perish'd yet, he threaten'd thus :

" Thou lurk'st not yet from heaven, Physignathus,

Though yet thou hid'st here, that hast cast from thee,

As from a rock, the shipwrack'd life of me,

Though thou thyself no better was than I, U5

worst of things, at any faculty,

Wrastling or race. But, for thy perfidy

In this my wrack, Jove bears a wreakful eye ;

And to the host of Mice thou pains shalt pay,

Past all evasion." This his life let say, 15<>

And left him to the waters. Him beheld

a Lichopinax, placed in the pleasing field,

Who shriek'd extremely, ran and told the Mice ;

Who having heard his wat'ry destinies,

126 Submitted— see Iliad, Bk. xix. 258.
152 aLickdish. C.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 7

Pernicious anger pierced the hearts of all, 155

And then their heralds forth they sent to call

A council early, at Troxartes' house,

Sad father of this fatal shipwrack'd Mouse ;

Whose dead corse upwards swum along the lake,

ISTor yet, poor wretch, could be enforced to make 1Gl>

The shore his harbour, but the mid-main swum.

When now, all haste made, with first morn did come

All to set council ; in which first rais'd head

Troxartes, angry for his son, and said :

" friends, though I alone may seem to bear 1G5

All the infortune, yet may all met here

Account it their case. But 'tis true, I am

In chief unhappy, that a triple flame

Of life feel put forth, in three famous sons :

The first, the chief in our confusions, 17(>

The Cat, made rape of, caught without his hole :

The second, Man, made with a cruel soul,

Brought to his ruin with a new-found sleight,

And a most wooden engine of deceit,

They term a Trap, mere murth'ress of our Mice. 175

The last, that in my love held special price,

And his rare mother's, this Physignathus

(With false pretext of wafting to his house)

Strangled in chief deeps of his bloody stream.

Come then, haste all, and issue out on them, j80

Our bodies deck'd in our Dsedalean arms."

This said, his words thrust all up in alarms,

166 Infortune — Odyssey, Bk. xx. 119.

175 'OXereijoa. Interfectrix, perditrix. C. Mere — see Odyssey,
Bk. vin. 115.

181 Dcedalean — simply variegated^ (daidaXeouri.)

8 BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A.

And Mars himself, that serves the cure of war,

Made all in their appropriates circular.

First on each leg the green shales of a bean 1S5

They closed for boots, that sat exceeding clean ;

The shales they broke ope, boothaling by night,

And ate the beans; their jacks art exquisite

Had shown in them, being cats' skins, everywhere

Quilted with quills ; their fenceful bucklers were I0 °

The middle rounds of can' sticks ; but their spear

A huge long needle was, that could not bear

The brain of any but be Mars his own

Mortal invention ; their heads' arming crown

Was vessel to the kernel of a nut. 195

And thus the Mice their powers in armour put.

This the Frogs hearing, from the water all
Issue to one place, and a council call
Of wicked w T ar ; consulting what should be
Cause to this murmur and strange mutiny. 20 °

While this was question'd, near them made his stand
An herald with a sceptre in his hand,
a Embasichytrus call'd, that fetch'd his kind
From b Tyroglyphus with the mighty mind,
Denouncing ill-named war in these high terms : - 05

" Frogs ! the Mice send threats to you of arms,

184 Appropriates — proper arms.

186 ES t dorKTjo-avres, ab dcr/ceco, elaborate concinno. C.

187 Boothaling — foraging for booty, plundering. Halliwell
has well explained it ; but this is a good example. Probably
Chapman meant a pun on boots and boot-haling : they foraged
for booty to make boots.

188 Jacks — buff jerkins. See Chapman's Commentary on
Iliad, xiii. 637-

191 C mi' sticks— candlesticks. See Halliwell.

203 a Enter-pot, or search-pot. C.

204 b Cheese-miner. Qui caseum rodendo eavat. C. (Tyro-
glyphus.)

BA TEA OHOMYOMA CHI A. 9

And bid me bid ye battle and fix'd fight ;

Their eyes all wounded with Psicharpax' sight

Floating your waters, whom your king hath kill'd.

And therefore all prepare for force of field, 210

You that are best born whosoever held."

This said, he sever'd : his speech firing th' ears

Of all the Mice, but freez'd the Frogs with fears,

Themselves conceiting guilty ; whom the king

Thus answer 'd, rising, " Friends ! I did not bring 215

Psicharpax to his end ; he, wantoning

Upon our waters, practising to swim,

Aped us, and drown'd without my sight of him.

And yet these worst of vermin accuse me,

Though no way guilty. Come, consider we 220

How we may ruin these deceitful Mice.

For my part, I give voice to this advice,

As seeming fittest to direct our deeds :

Our bodies decking with our arming weeds,

Let all our pow'rs stand rais'd in steep'st repose 225

Of all our shore ; that, when they charge us close,

We may the helms snatch off from all so deckt,

Daring our onset, and them all deject

Down to our waters ; who, not knowing the sleight

To dive our sof d deeps, may be strangled straight, 230

And we triumphing may a trophy rear,

Of all the Mice that we have slaughter'd here."

These words put all in arms ; and mallow leaves

They drew upon their legs, for arming greaves.

Their curets, broad green beets ; their bucklers were

Good thick-leaved cabbage, proof 'gainst any spear ; 23G

218 Mtfjt,o)jfi€i>os. Aping, or imitating us. C.

224 Weeds — i. e. garments ; a very common word.

234 Boots of War. 0.

10 BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A.

Their spears sharp bulrushes, of which were all

Fitted with long ones ; their parts capital

They hid in subtle cockleshells from blows.

And thus all arm'd, the steepest shores they chose 24 °

T' encamp themselves; where lance with lance they lined f

And brandish'd bravely, each Frog full of mind.

Then Jove call'd all Gods in his flaming throne,
And show'd all all this preparation

For resolute war ; these able soldiers, 24S

Many, and great, all shaking lengthful spears,
In show like Centaurs, or the Giants' host.
When, sweetly smiling, he inquired who, most
Of all th' Immortals, pleased to add their aid
To Frogs or Mice ; and thus to Pallas said : 25G

" Daughter ! Must not your needs aid these Mice,
That, with the odours and meat sacrifice
Used in your temple, endless triumphs make,
And serve you for your sacred victuals' sake ? "

Pallas replied : " Father, never I 255

Will aid the Mice in any misery.

So many mischiefs by them I have found,

Eating the cotton that my distaffs crown'd,

My lamps still haunting to devour the oil.

But that wdiich most my mind eats, is their spoil - m '

Made of a veil, that me in much did stand,

On which bestowing an elaborate hand,

A fine woof working of as pure a thread,

Such holes therein their petulancies fed

That, putting it to darning, when 'twas clone, 2G5 '

The darner a most dear pay stood upon

238 Parts capital — heads.

258 Sre/i/xara, Lanas, eo quod coins cingant sen coronent. Which
our learned sect translate eating the crowns that Pallas wore. C.

BATRACHOMYOMAGHIA. 11

For his so clear pains, laid down instantly ;

Or, to forbear, exacted usury.

So, borrowing from my fane the weed I wove,

I can by no means th' usurous darner move 2T0 "

To let me have the mantle to restore.

And this is it that rubs the angry sore

Of my offence took at these petulant Mice.

Nor will I yield the Frogs' wants my supplies,

For their infirm minds that no confines keep ; 275 '

For I from war retired, and wanting sleep,

All leap'd ashore in tumult, nor would stay

Till one wink seized mine eyes, and so I lay

Sleepless, and pain'd with headache, till first light

The cock had crow'd up. Therefore, to the fight 28 °"

Let no God go assistant, lest a lance

Wound whosoever offers to advance,

Or wishes but their aid, that scorn all foes,

Should any God's access their spirits oppose.

Sit we then pleased to see from heaven their fight." 28fr

She said, and all Gods join'd in her delight.
And now both hosts to one field drew the jar,
Both heralds bearing the ostents of war.
And then the wine-gnats, that shrill trumpets sound,
Terribly rung out the encounter round ; 200 '

Jove thund'red ; all heaven sad war's sign resounded.

And first a Hypsiboas b Lichenor wounded,
Standing th' impression of the first in fight.
His lance did in his liver's midst alight,
Along his belly. Down he fell ; his face 295 '

268 To/cos, Partus, et id quod partu edidit mater. Metap.
hie appellatur foenus quod ex usurd ad nos redit. C.

289 Kiopcoxf/. Culex vinarius. C. 292 a Loud-mouth. C.

292 b Kitchen-vessel licker. C.

12 BATRACHOMYOMACHIA.

His fall on that part sway'd, and all the grace
Of his soft hair nTd with disgraceful dust.

Then a Troglodytes his thick javelin thrust
In b Pelion's bosom, bearing him to ground,
Whom sad death seized ; his soul flew through his wound.

c Seutlseus next Embasichytros slew, 301

His heart through-thrusting. Then d Artophagus threw
His lance at e Polyphon, and struck him quite
Through his mid-belly ; down he fell upright,
And from his fair limbs took his soul her flight. 305

f Linnocharis, beholding Polyphon
Thus done to death, did, with as round a stone
As that the mill turns, Troglodytes wound,
Near his mid-neck, ere he his onset found ;
Whose eyes sad darkness seized. & Lichenor cast 310
A flying dart off, and his aim so placed
Upon Linnocharis, that sure he thought
The wound he wish'd him ; nor untruly wrought
The dire success, for through his liver flew
The fatal lance; which when h Crambophagus knew, 315
Down the deep waves near shore he, diving, fled ;
But fled not fate so ; the stern enemy fed
Death with his life in diving ; never more
The air he drew in ; his vermilion gore
Stain'd all the waters, and along the shore 3 -°

298 a Hole-dweller. Qui foramina subit. C. Chapman, as
is constantly the case, has altered the quantity of the word.

299 *> Mud-born. C. ' 30i c Beet-devourer. C.
302 d The great bread-eater. C.

803 e Ilo\tf0wjw. The great-noise- maker, shrill or big-
voiced. C. # t 306f The lake-lover. 0.
310 s Qui lambit culinaria vasa. C.

312 r ^ LT {„jKoiiaL intentismne dirigo ut cerium ictum inferam. C.
sis h. The cabbage -eater. C.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 13

He laid extended ; his fat entrails lay
(By his small gut's impulsion) breaking way
Out at his wound. a Limnisius near the shore
Destroy'd Tyroglyphus. Which frighted sore
The soul of b Calaminth, seeing coming on, :325

For wreak, c Pternoglyphus ; who got him gone
With large leaps to the lake, his target thrown
Into the waters. d Hydrocharis slew
King e Pternophagus, at whose throat he threw
A huge stone, strook it high, and beat his brain 33 °

Out at his nostrils. Earth blush'd with the stain
His blood made on her bosom. Por next prise,
Lichopinax to death did sacrifice
f Borborocoetes' faultless faculties ;

His lance enforced it ; darkness closed his eyes. 335

On which when z Prassophagus cast his look,
h Cnissodioctes by the heels he took,
Dragg'd him to fen from off his native ground,
Then seized his throat, and soused him till he drown'd.
But now Psicharpax wreaks his fellows' deaths, 310
And in the bosom of i Pelusius sheaths,
In centre of his liver, his bright lance.
He fell before the author of the chance ;
His soul to hell fled. Which k Pelobates
Taking sad note of, wreakfully did seize yi5

His hand's gripe full of mud, and all besmear'd

323 a Paluclis incola. Lake-liver. C.
325 b q u i i n calamintha, herbd palustri, habitat. C.
32(5 c Bacon-eater. C. 328 d Qui aquis delectatur. C.

329 e Collup-devourer. C. Another of Chapman's false
quantities. su f Mud-sleeper. C.

336 § Leek or scallion lover. C. A similar error.

337 h Kitchin-smell haunter, or hunter. C.

341 i Fenstalk. C. Ui * Qtii per lutum it. C.

U BA TEA QHOMY OMA OKI A.

His forehead with it so, that scarce appear'd

The light to him. Which certainly incensed

His fiery spleen ; who with his wreak dispensed

]STo point of time, but rear'd with his strong hand 3o0

A stone so massy it oppress'd the land,

And hurl'd it at him ; when below the knee

It strook his right leg so impetuously

It piecemeal brake it ; he the dust did seize,

Upwards everted. But a Craugasides 3o5

Revenged his death, and at his enemy

Discharged a dart that did his point imply

In his mid-belly. All the sharp-piPd spear

Got after in, and did before it bear

His universal entrails to the earth, 3G0

Soon as his swoln hand gave his jav'lin birth.

b Sitophagus, beholding the sad sight,
Set on the shore, went halting from the fight,
Vex'd with his wounds extremely ; and, to make
Way from extreme fate, leap'd into the lake. m °

Troxartes strook, in th ? instep's upper part,
Physignathus ; who (privy to the smart
His wound imparted) with his utmost haste
Leap'd to the lake, and fled. Troxartes cast
His eye upon the foe that fell before, 370

And, seeing him half-lived, long'd again to gore
His gutless bosom ; and, to kill him quite,
Ran fiercely at him. Which c Prassseus' sight
Took instant note of, and the first in fight
Thrust desp'rate way through, casting his keen lance
; *Off at Troxartes ; whose shield turn'd th' advance 3TG

355 a Vociferator. C. 362 t> Bat-corn. C.

373 c Scallion-clevourer. C.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 15

The sharp head made, and check'd the mortal chance.

Amongst the Mice fought an egregious
Young springall, and a close-encount'ring Mouse,
Pure a Artepibulus's dear descent ; 3S0

A prince that Mars himself show'd where he went.
{Call'd b Meridarpax,) of so huge a might,
That only he still domineer'd in fight
Of all the Mouse-host. He advancing close
Up to the lake, past all the rest arose 385

In glorious object, and made vaunt that he
Came to depopulate all the progeny
Of Frogs, affected with the lance of war.
And certainly he had put on as far
As he advanced his vaunt, he was endu'd 39 °

With so unmatch'd a force and fortitude,
Had not the Father both of Gods and men
Instantly known it, and the Frogs, even then
Given up to ruin, rescued with remorse.
"Who, his head moving, thus began discourse : 395

" No mean amaze affects me, to behold
Prince Meridarpax rage so uncontroll'd,
In thirst of Frog-blood, all along the lake.
Come therefore still, and all addression make,
Despatching Pallas, with tumultuous Mars, 40 °

Down to the field, to make him leave the wars,
How potently soever he be said
Where he attempts once to uphold his head."

Mars answer'd : " Jove, neither She nor I,
With both our aids, can keep depopulacy 405

380 a Bread-betrayer. C. (Artepibulus.)

382 b Scrap, or broken-meat-eater. C.

402 Kparepos, validus seu potens in retinendo. C.

16 BATRACHOMYOMAOHIA.

From off the Frogs ! And therefore arm we all,

Even thy lance -letting brandish to his call

From off the field, that from the field withdrew

The Titanois, the Titanois that slew,

Though most exempt from match of all earth's Seeds,

So great and so inaccessible deeds 4U

It hath proclaimed to men ; bound hand and foot

The vast Enceladus ; and rac'd by th' root

The race of upland Giants." This speech past,

Saturnius a smoking lightning cast 415

Amongst the armies, thund'ring then so sore,

That with a rapting circumflex he bore

All huge heaven over. But the terrible ire

Of his dart, sent abroad, all wrapt in fire,

(Which certainly his very finger was) 420

Amazed both Mice and Frogs. Yet soon let pass

Was all this by the Mice, who much the more

Burn'd in desire t' exterminate the store

Of all those lance-loved soldiers. W T hich had been,

If from Olympus Jove's eye had not seen 425

The Frogs with pity, and with instant speed

Sent them assistants. Who, ere any heed

Was given to their approach, came crawling on

With anvils on their backs, that, beat upon

Never so much, are never wearied yet ; 43Q

Crook-paw'd, and wrested on with foul cloven feet,

Tongues in their mouths, brick-back'd, all over bone,

414 Upland is constantly used in Chapman for rough, rude °?
up-land i. e. from the country, as distinguished from the
civilization of the town.

429 ^coT^Kfxoves. Incudes ferentes, or anvil-backed. "Akjulow.
Incus , dicta per syncopen quasi nullis ictibus fatigetur. C.

432 ^aXldooo-r/uLos. Forcipem in ore habens. C.

BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 17

Broad shoulder'd, whence a ruddy yellow shone,
Distorted, and small-thigh'd ; had eyes that saw
Out at their bosoms ; twice four feet did draw 435

About their bodies ; strong-neck'd, whence did rise
Two heads ; nor could to any hand be prise ;
They call them lobsters ; that ate from the Mice
Their tails, their feet, and hands, and wrested all
Their lances from them, so that cold appall 440

The wretches put in rout, past all return.
And now the Fount of Light forbore to burn
Above the earth ; when, which men's laws commend,
Our battle in one day took absolute end.

THE END OF HOMER S BATTLE OP FROGS AND MICE.

ALL THE HYMNS OF HOMER.

A HYMN TO APOLLO.

WILL remember and express the praise
Of heaven's Ear-darter, the fair King of

days,
Whom even the Gods themselves fear
when he goes
Through Jove's high house ; and when his goodly bows
He goes to bend, all from their thrones arise, 5

And cluster near, t' admire his faculties.
Only Latona stirs not from her seat
Close by the Thund'rer, till her Son's retreat
From his dread archery ; but then she goes,
Slackens his string, and shuts his quiver close, 10

And (having taken to her hand his bow,
From off his able shoulders) doth bestow
Upon a pin of gold the glorious tiller,
The pin of gold fix'd in his father's pillar.

Then doth She to his throne his state uphold, 15

Where his great Father, in a cup of gold,
is Tiller— bow.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 19

Serves him with nectar, and shows all the grace

Of his great son. Then th' other Gods take place ;

His gracious mother glorying to hear

So great an archer, and a son so clear. 20

All hail, O blest Latona ! to bring forth
An issue of such all-out-shining worth,
Royal Apollo, and the Queen that loves
The hurls of darts. She in th' Ortygian groves,
And he in cliffy Delos, leaning on 25

The lofty Oros, and being built upon
By Cynthus' prominent, that his head rears
Close to the palm that Inops' fluent cheers.

How shall I praise thee, far being worthiest praise,
Phoebus ? To whose worth the law of lays 30<

In all kinds is ascrib'd, if feeding flocks
By continent or isle. All eminent'st rocks
Did sing for joy, hill-tops, and floods in song
Did break their billows, as they flow'd along
To serve the sea ; the shores, the seas, and all 35

Did sing as soon as from the lap did fall
Of blest Latona thee the joy of man.
Her child-bed made the mountain Cynthian
In rocky Delos, the sea-circled isle,
On whose all sides the black seas brake their pile, 4a
And overflow'd for joy, so frank a gale
The singing winds did on their waves exhale.

Here born, all mortals live in thy commands,
Whoever Crete holds, Athens, or the strands
Of th' isle .ZEgina, or the famous land 4&

For ships (Euboea), or Eresia,
Or Peparethus bord'ring on the sea,
23 Viz. Diana.

20 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

iEgas, or Athos that doth Thrace divide

And Macedon ; or Pelion, with the pride

Of his high forehead ; or the Samian isle, yf)

That likewise lies hear Thrace; or Seyms' soil;

Ida's steep tops ; or all that Phocis fill ;

Or Autocanes, with the heaven-high hill ;

Or populous Imber ; Lemnos without ports ;

Or Lesbos, fit for the divine resorts ; 55

And sacred soil of blest ^Solion ;

Or Chios that exceeds comparison

For fruit fulness ; with all the isles that lie

Embrac'd with seas ; Mimas, with rocks so high ;

Or lofty-erown'd Corycius ; or the bright -'°

■Charos; or iEsagseus' dazzling height;

Or watery Samos ; Mycale, that bears

Her brows even with the circles of the spheres ;

Miletus ; Co us, that the city is

Of voice-divided-choice humanities ; ' j5

High Cnidus ; Carpathus, still strook with wind ;

Naxos, and Paros ; and the rocky-min'd

Bugged Phensea. Yet through all these parts

Latona, great-grown with the King of darts,

Travell'd ; and tried if any would become 70

To her dear birth an hospitable home.

All which extremely trembled, shook witli fear,

K or durst endure so high a birth to bear

In their free states, though, for it, they became

lS"ever so fruitful ; till the reverend Dame ,0

Ascended Delos, and her soil did seize

With these wing'd words : " Delos ! Wouldst thou

please
To be my son Apollo's native seat,
53 Autocanes.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 21

And build a wealthy fane to one so great.

No one shall blame or question thy kind deed. so

Nor think I, thou dost sheep or oxen feed

In any such store, or in vines exceed,

Nor bring'st forth such innumerable plants,

Which often make the rich inhabitants

Careless of Deity. If thou then shouldst rear 85>

A fane to Phoebus, all men would confer

"Whole hecatombs of beeves for sacrifice,

Still thronging hither ; and to thee would rise

Ever unmeasur'd odours, shouldst thou long

Nourish thy King thus ; and from foreign wrong m

The Gods would guard thee ; which thine own address

Can never compass for thy barrenness."

She said, and Delos joy'd, replying thus :
" Most happy sister of Saturnius !

I gladly would with all means entertain 95>

The King your son, being now despised of men,
But should be honour'd with the greatest then.
Yet this I fear, nor will conceal from thee :
Your son, some say, will author misery
In many kinds, as being to sustain 10(>

A mighty empire over Gods and men,
Upon the holy-gift-giver the Earth.
And bitterly I fear that, when his birth
Gives him the sight of my so barren soil,
He will contemn, and give me up to spoil, 105

Enforce the sea to me, that ever will
Oppress my heart with many a wat'ry hill.
And therefore let him choose some other land,
Where he shall please, to build at his command
Temple and grove, set thick with many a tree. 110

22 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

For wretched polypuses breed in me
Retiring chambers, and black sea-calves den
In my poor soil, for penury of men.
And yet, Goddess, wouldsfc thou please to swear
The Gods' great oath to me, before thou bear 1]

Thy blessed son here, that thou wilt erect
A fane to him, to render the effect
Of men's demands to them before they fall,
Then will thy son's renown be general,
Men will his name in such variety call, u

And I shall then be glad his birth to bear."
This said, the Gods' great oath she thus did swear :
"Know this, Earth ! broad heaven's inferior sphere,
And of black Styx the most infernal lake,
(Which is the gravest oath the Gods can take) u

That here shall ever rise to Phoebus' name
An odorous fane and altar ; and thy fame
Honour, past all isles else, shall see him employ'd."
Her oath thus took and ended, Delos joy'd
In mighty measure that she should become 13(

To far-shot Phoebus' birth the famous home.
Latona then nine days and nights did fall
In hopeless labour ; at whose birth were all
Heaven's most supreme and worthy Goddesses,
Dione, Rhsea, and th' Ex plora tress m

Themis, and Amphi trite that will be
Pursu'd with sighs still ; every Deity,
Except the snowy-wristed wife of Jove,
Who held her moods aloft, and would not move ;
Only Lucina (to whose virtue vows uc

Each childbirth patient) heard not of her throes,
112 Den — i. e. make dens.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 23

But sat, by Juno's counsel, on the brows
Of broad Olympus, wrapp'd in clouds of gold.
Whom Jove's proud wife in envy did withhold,
Because bright-lock'd Latona was to bear 145

A son so faultless and in force so clear.
The rest Thaumantia sent before, to bring
Lucina to release the envied king,
Assuring her, that they would straight confer
A carcanet, nine cubits long, on her, 15 °

All woven with wires of gold. But charg'd her, then,
To call apart from th' ivory-wristed Queen
The childbirth-guiding Goddess, for just fear
Lest, her charge utter'd in Saturnia's ear,
She, after, might dissuade her from descent. 155

When wind-swift-footed Iris knew th' intent
Of th' other Goddesses, away she went,
And instantly she pass'd the infinite space
'Twixt earth and heaven ; when, coming to the place
Where dwelt th' Immortals, straight without the gate
She gat Lucina, and did all relate 101

The Goddesses commanded, and inclin'd
To all that they demanded her dear mind.
And on their way they went, like those two doves
That, walking highways, every shadow moves 165

Up from the earth, forc'd with their natural fear.
When ent'ring Delos, She, that is so dear
To dames in labour, made Latona straight
Prone to delivery, and to wield the weight
Of her dear burthen with a world of ease. 170

When, with her fair hand, she a palm did seize,
And, staying her by it, stuck her tender knees
147 Thaumantia — Iris.

24 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Amidst the soft mead, that did smile beneath

Her sacred labour ; and the child did breathe

The air in th' instant. All the Goddesses 175

Brake in kind tears and shrieks for her quick ease,

And thee, archer Phoebus, with waves clear

Wash'd sweetly over, swaddled with sincere

And spotless swathbands ; and made then to flow

About thy breast a mantle, white as snow, 18 °

Fine, and new made ; and cast a veil of gold

Over thy forehead. JSTor yet forth did hold

Thy mother for thy food her golden breast,

But Themis, in supply of it, address'd

Lovely Ambrosia, and drunk off to thee 185

A bowl of nectar, interchangeably

With her immortal fingers serving thine.

And when, Phoebus, that eternal wine

Thy taste had relish'd, and that food divine,

No golden swathband longer could contain 10 °

Thy panting bosom ; all that would constrain

Thy soon-eas'd Godhead, every feeble chain

Of earthy child-rites, flew in sunder all.

And then didst thou thus to the Deities call :

" Let there be given me my lov'd lute and bow, 195
I'll prophesy to men, and make them know
Jove's perfect counsels." This said, up did fly
From broad-way'd Earth the unshorn Deity,
Far-shot Apollo. All th' Immortals stood
In steep amaze to see Latona's brood. 20(>

All Delos, looking on him, all with gold
Was loaden straight, and joy'd to be exfcoll'd
By great Latona so, that she decreed

178 Sincere — pure, unmixed ; the true Latin sense.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 25

Her barrenness should bear the fruitfuTst seed

Of all the isles and continents of earth, 205

And lov'd her from her heart so for her birth.

For so she flourish'd, as a hill that stood

Crown'd with the flow'r of an abundant wood.

And thou, O Phoebus, bearing in thy hand

Thy silver bow, walk'st over every land, 21(>v

Sometimes ascend'st the rough-hewn rocky hill

Of desolate Cynthus, and sometimes tak'st will

To visit islands, and the plumps of men.

And many a temple, all ways, men ordain

To thy bright Godhead ; groves, made dark with trees,

And never shorn, to hide the Deities, 21G '

All high-lov'd prospects, all the steepest brows

Of far-seen hills, and every flood that flows

Forth to the sea, are dedicate to thee.

Eut most of all thy mind's alacrity 22 °

Is rais'd with Delos ; since, to fill thy fane,

There flocks so many an Ionian,

With ample gowns that flow down to their feet,

With all their children, and the reverend sweet

Of all their pious wives. And these are they 225

That (mindful of thee) even thy Deity

Bender more spritely with their champion fight,

Dances, and songs, perform'd to glorious sight,

Once having publish'd, and proclaim'd their strife.

And these are acted with such exquisite life 230<

That one would say, " Xow, the Ionian strains

213 Plumps — -crowds, collection. A common old word.

224 Sweet— so spelt in the folio ; but the word is doubtless
suite, attendance, retinue. Todd gives an examhle of suite-
from Sir Philip Sydney.

227 Champion fight — irvyiiaxlrj^ boxing.

231 Strains — families, descent. See Odyssey, Bk. I. 344.

56 A HYMN TO APOLLO,

Are turn'd Immortals, nor know what age means."

His mind would take such pleasure from his eye.

To see them serv'd by all mortality,

Their men so human, women so well grac'd, - b0

Their ships so swift, their riches so increas'd,

.Since thy observance, who, being all before

Thy opposites, were all despis'd and poor.

And to all these this absolute wonder add,

Whose praise shall render all posterities glad : " i4 °

The Delian virgins are thy handmaids all,

And, since they serv'd Apollo, jointly fall

Before Latona, and Diana too,

In sacred service, and do therefore know

How to make mention of the ancient trims 245

Of men and women, in their well-made hymns,

And soften barbarous nations with their songs,

Being able all to speak the several tongues

Of foreign nations, and to imitate

Their musics there, with art so fortunate m

That one would say, there every one did speak,

And all their tunes in natural accents break,

Their songs so well compos'd are, and their art

To answer all sounds is of such desert.

But come, Latona, and thou King of flames, 255

With Phoebe, rect'ress of chaste thoughts in dames,
Let me salute ye, and your graces call
Hereafter to my just memorial.

And you, Delian virgins, do me grace,
When any stranger of our earthy race, - G0

Whose restless life affliction hath in chace,
.Shall hither come and question you, who is,
To your chaste ears, of choicest faculties

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 27

In sacred poesy, and with most right

Is author of your absolut'st delight, 2f)5

Ye shall yourselves do all the right ye can

To answer for our name : — " The sightless man

Of stony Chios. All whose poems shall

In all last ages stand for capital."

This for your own sakes I desire, for I 2T0

Will propagate mine own precedency

As far as earth shall well-built cities bear,

Or human conversation is held dear,

USTot with my praise direct, but praises due,

And men shall credit it, because 'tis true. 2v5

However, I'll not cease the praise I vow
To far-shot Phoebus with the silver bow,
Whom lovely-hair'd Latona gave the light.
King ! both Lycia is in rule thy right,
Fair Mceony, and the maritimal 280

Miletus, wish'd to be the seat of all.

But chiefly Delos, girt with billows round,
Thy most respected empire doth resound.
Where thou to Pythus went'st, to answer there,
As soon as thou wert born, the burning ear " 2S5

Of many a far-come, to hear future deeds,
•Clad in divine and odoriferous weeds,
And with thy golden fescue play'dst upon
Thy hollow harp, that sounds to heaven set gone.

Then to Olympus swift as thought he new, 290

288 Fescue —the lexicographers give the derivation from the
Latin festura, a young shoot or stalk. It was generally used
for a stick for pointing to the letters in teaching children to
read. The word in this sense occurs in Dryden and Swift.
Here it seems to be an instrument (the plectrum) with which
Apollo touched the strings of his harp ; a sense which does not
seem to have been noted as occurring elsewhere.

28 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

To Jove's high house, and had a retinue

Of Gods t' attend him ; and then straight did fall

To study of the harp, and harpsical,

Ail tli' Immortals. To whom every Muse

With ravishing voices did their answers use,

Singing th' eternal deeds of Deity,

And from their hands what hells of misery

Poor humans suffer, living desperate quite,

And not an art they have, wit, or deceit,

Can make them manage any act aright,

Nor find, with all the soul they can engage,

A salve for death, or remedy for age.

But here the fair-hair'd Graces, the wise Hours,
Harmonia, Hebe, and sweet Venus' pow'rs,
Danc'd, and each other's palm to palm did cling.
And with these danc'd not a deformed tiling,
No forespoke dwarf, nor downward witherling,
But all with wond'rous goodly forms were deekt,
And mov'd with beauties of unpriz'd aspect.

Dart-dear Diana, even with Phoebus bred,
Danc'd likewise there ; and Mars a march did tread
With that brave bevy. In whose consort fell
Argicides, th' ingenious sentinel.
Phoebus- Apollo touch'd his lute to them
Sweetly and softly, a most glorious beam
Casting about him, as he danc'd and play'd,
And even his feet were all with rays array'd ;
His weed and all of a most curious trim
With no less lustre grac'd and circled him.

By these Latona, with a hair that shin'd

298 Humans — mortals.

307 Forespoke— see Iliad, Bk. xvi. 792 ; xvn. 32.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 29

Like burnisli'd gold, and, with the mighty mind,
Heaven's counsellor, Jove, sat with delightsome eyes,
To see their son new rank'd with Deities.

How shall I praise thee, then, that art all praise ?
Amongst the brides shall I thy Deity raise ? 325

Or being in love, when sad thou went'st to woo
The virgin Aza, and didst overthrow
The even-with-Gods, Elation's mighty seed,
That had of goodly horse so brave a breed,
And Phorbas, son of sovereign Triopus, 330

Valiant Leucippus, and Ereutheus,
And Triopus himself with equal fall,
Thou but on foot, arid they on horseback all 1

Or shall I sing thee, as thou first didst grace
Earth with thy foot, to find thee forth a place 335

Fit to pronounce thy oracles to men ?
First from Olympus thou alighted st then
Into Pieria, passing all the land
Of fruitless Lesbos, chok'd with drifts of sand,
The Magnets likewise, and the Perrhsebes ; 340

And to Iolcus varieclst thy access,
Cenaeus' tops ascending, that their base
Make bright Eubcea, being of ships the grace,
And fix'd thy fair stand in Lelantus' field,
That did not yet thy mind's contentment yield 345

To raise a fane on, and a sacred grove.
Passing Euripus then, thou mad'st remove
Up to Earth's ever-green and holiest hill.
Yet swiftly thence, too, thou transcendedst still
To Mycalessus, and didst touch upon 350

Teumessus, apt to make green couches on,
And flowery field-beds. Then thy progress found

30 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Thebes out, whose soil with only woods was crown'd.

For yet was sacred Thebes no human seat,

And therefore were no paths nor highways beat 355

On her free bosom, that flows now with wheat,

But then she only wore on it a wood.

From hence (even loth to part, because it stood

Fit for thy service) thou putt'st on remove

To green Onchestus, Neptune's glorious grove, 360

Where new-tam'd horse, bred, nourish nerves so rare

That still they frolic, though they travell'd are

Never so sore, and hurry after them

Most heavy coaches, but are so extreme

(In usual travel) fiery and free, 365

That though their coachman ne'er so masterly

Governs their courages, he sometimes must

Forsake his seat, and give their spirits their lust,

When after them their empty coach they draw,

Foaming, and neighing, quite exempt from awe. 37(>

And if their coachman guide through any grove

Unshorn, and vow'd to any Deity's love,

The lords encoach'd leap out, and all their care

Use to allay their fires, with speaking fair

Stroking and trimming them, and in some queach, 3T5

Or strength of shade, within their nearest reach,

Reining them up, invoke the deified King

Of that unshorn and everlasting spring,

And leave them then to her preserving hands,

Who is the Fate that there the God commands. 3S0

And this was first the sacred fashion there.

From hence thou went'st, thou in shafts past peer,

375 Queach — bushy place. See note on Odyssey, Bk. xix„
610. Hymn to Pan, 12.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 31

And found'st Cephissus with thy all-seeing beams,

Whose flood affects so many silver streams,

And from Lilseus pours so bright a wave. 385

Yet forth thy foot flew, and thy fair eyes gave

The view of Ocale the rich in tow'rs ;

Then to Amartus that abounds in flow'rs,

Then to Delphusa putt'st thy progress on,

Whose blessed soil nought harmful breeds upon ; 390>

And there thy pleasure would a fane adorn,

And nourish woods whose shades should ne'er be shorn.

Where this thou told'st her, standing to her close :

" Delphusa, here I entertain suppose

To build a far-fam'd temple, and ordain 39&

An oracle t' inform the minds of men,

Who shall for ever offer to my love

Whole hecatombs ; even all the men that move

In rich Peloponnesus, and all those

Of Europe, and the isles the seas enclose, 40(?

Whom future search of acts and beings brings.

To whom I'll prophesy the truths of things

In that rich temple where my oracle sings."

This said, the All-bound s-reacher, with his bow,
The fane's divine foundations did foreshow ; 405

Ample they were, and did huge length impart,
With a continuate tenour, full of art.
But when Delphusa look'd into his end,
Her heart grew angry, and did thus extend
Itself to Phoebus : " Phoebus, since thy mind 4T0

A far-fam'd fane hath in itself design 'd
To bear an oracle to men in me,
That hecatombs may put in fire to thee,
This let me tell thee, and impose for stay

32 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Upon thy purpose : Th' inarticulate neigli

Of fire-hov'd horse will ever disobey

Thy numerous ear, and mules will for their drink

Trouble my sacred springs, and I should think

That any of the human race had rather

See here the hurries of rich coaches gather,

And hear the haughty neighs of swift-hov'd horse,

Than in his pleasure's place convert recourse

T' a mighty temple ; and his wealth bestow

'On pieties, where his sports may freely flow,

Or see huge wealth that he shall never owe.

And, therefore, wouldst thou hear my free advice, —

Though mightier far thou art, and much more wise,

king, than I, thy pow'r being great'st of all

In Crissa, underneath the bosom's fall

Of steep Parnassus, — let thy mind be given

To set thee up a fane, where never driven

Shall glorious coaches be, nor horses' neighs

Storm near thy well-built altars, but thy praise

Let the fair race of pious humans bring

Into thy fane, that lo-pseans sing.

And those gifts only let thy deified mind

Be circularly pleas'd with, "being the kind

And fair burnt-offerings that true Deities bind."

With this his mind she altered, though she spake

Not for his good, but her own glory's sake.

From hence, Phoebus, first thou mad'st retreat,
And of the Phlegians reached the walled seat,
Inhabited with contumelious men,
Who, slighting Jove, took up their dwellings then
Within a large cave, near Cephissus' lake.

425 QiL-e— own. Odyssey, Bk. n. 190.

A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Hence, swiftly moving, thou all speed didst make

Up to the tops intended, and the ground

Of Crissa, under the-with-snow-still-crown'd

Parnassus, reach'd, whose face affects the West ;

Above which hangs a rock, that still seems prest

To fall upon it, through whose breast doth run

A rocky cave, near which the King the Sun

Cast to contrive a temple to his mind,

And said, " Xow here stands my conceit inclin'd

To build a famous fane, where still shall be

An oracle to men, that still to me

Shall offer absolute hecatombs, as well

Those that in rich Peloponnesus dwell

As those of Europe, and the isles that lie

Wall'd with the sea, that all their pains apply

T J employ my counsels. To all which will I

True secrets tell, by way of prophecy,

In my rich temple, that shall ever be

An oracle to all posterity.''

This said, the fane's form he did straight present,

Ample, and of a length of great extent ;

In which. Trophonius and Agamede,

Who of Erginus were the famous seed,

Impos'd the stony entry, and the heart

Of every God had for their excellent art.

About the temple dwelt of human name
TJnnumber'd nations, it acquired such fame,
Being all of stone, built for eternal date.
And near it did a fountain propagate
A fair stream far away ; when Jove's bright seed,
The King Apollo, with an arrow, freed

450 p res t — ready. Frequently used in the Odyssey.

34 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

From his strong string, destroyed the Dragoness

That wonder nourish'd, being of such excess

In size, and horridness of monstrous shape,

That on the forc'd earth she wrought many a rape, 48 °

Many a spoil made on it, many an ill

On crook-haunch'd herds brought, being impurpled still

With blood of all sorts ; having undergone

The charge of Juno, with the golden throne,

To nourish Typhon, the abhorr'd affright 4S5

And bane of mortals, whom into the light

Saturnia brought forth, being incensed with Jove,

Because the most renown'd fruit of his love

(Pallas) he got, and shook out of his brain.

Tor which majestic Juno did complain 49 °

In this kind to the Bless'd Court of the skies :

'"Know all ye sex-distinguish'd Deities,

That Jove, assembler of the cloudy throng,

Begins with me first, and affects with wrong

My right in him, made by himself his wife, 4 - ;5

That knows and does the honour'd marriage life

All honest offices ; and yet hath he

Unduly got, without my company,

Blue-eyed Minerva, who of all the sky

Of blest Immortals is the absolute grace ; •°' }0

Where I have brought into the Heavenly Bace

A son, both taken in his feet and head.

So ugly, and so far from worth my bed,

That, ravish'd into hand, I took and threw

Down to the vast sea his detested view ; r,:j5

Where Nereus' daughter, Thetis, who her way

With silver feet makes, and the fair array

Of her bright sisters, saved, and took to guard.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 35

But, would to heaven, another yet were spared

The like grace of his godhead ! Crafty mate, 510

What other scape canst thou excogitate 1

How could thy heart sustain to get alone

The grey-eyed Goddess ? Her conception

•JSTor bringing forth had any hand of mine,

And yet, know all the Gods, I go for thine 515

To such kind uses. But I'll now employ

My brain to procreate a masculine joy, •

That 'mongst th' Immortals may as eminent shine,

With shame affecting nor my bed nor thine.

ISTor will I ever touch at thine again, 520

But far fly it and thee ; and yet will reign

Amongst th' Immortals ever." This spleen spent

(Still yet left angry) far away she went

From all the Deathless, and yet pray'd to all,

Advanced her hand, and, ere she let it fall, 525

Used these excitements : a Hear me now, Earth !

Broad Heaven above it, and beneath, your birth,

The deified Titanois, that dwell about

Yast Tartarus, from whence sprung all the rout

Of Men and Deities ! Hear me all, I say,

With all your forces, and give instant way

T' a son of mine without Jove, who yet may

Nothing inferior prove in force to him,

But past him spring as far in able limb

As he past Saturn." This pronounced, she strook

Life-bearing Earth so strongly, that she shook

Beneath her numb'd hand. Which when she beheld

Her bosom with abundant comforts swell'd,

In hope all should to her desire extend.

From hence the year, that all such proofs gives end,

30

?S A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Grew round ; yet all that time the bed of Jove

She never touch'd at, never was her love

Enfiam'd to sit near his Daedalian throne,

As she accustomed, to consult upon

Counsels kept dark with many a secret skill.

But kept her vow-frequented temple still,

Pleas'd with her sacrifice ; till now, the nights

And days accomplish M, and the year's whole rights

In all her revolutions being expired,

The hours and all run out that were required

To vent a birth-right, she brought forth a son,

Like Gods or men in no condition,

But a most dreadful and pernicious thing,

CalPd Typhon, who on all the human spring

Conferr'd confusion. Which received to hand

By Juno, instantly she gave command

(111 to ill adding) that the Dragoness

Should bring it up ; who took, and did oppress

With many a misery (to maintain th' excess

Or that inhuman monster) all the race

Of men that were of all the world the grace,

Till the far-working Phoebus at her sent

A fiery arrow, that invoked event

Of death gave to her execrable life.

Before which yet she lay in bitter strife,

With dying pains, grovelling on earth, and drew

Extreme short respirations ; for which flew

A shout about the air, whence no man knew,

But came by power divine. And then she lay

Tumbling her trunk, and winding every way

54:3 Dcedalian — variegated, 7ro\vdaioa\ov„
554 Spring— race.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 37

About her nasty nest, quite leaving then

Her murderous life, embrued with deaths of men.

Then Phoebus gloried, saying : "Thyself now lie
On men-sustaining earth, and putrefy,
Who first of putrefaction was inform'd. 5V5

Xow on thy life have death's cold vapours storm'd,
That storm'dst on men the earth-fed so much death,
In envy of the offspring they made breathe
Their lives out on my altars. ISTow from thee
JSTot Typhon shall enforce the misery. 58()

Of merited death, nor She, whose name implies
Such scathe (Chimsera), but black earth make prise
To putrefaction thy humanities,
And bright Hyperion, that light all eyes shows,
Thine with a night of rottenness shall close." 5S5

Thus spake he glorying. And then seiz'd upon
Her horrid heap, with putrefaction,
Hyperion's lovely pow'rs ; from whence her name
Took sound of Python, and heaven's Sovereign Flame
Was surnam'd Pythius, since the sharp-eyed Sun - 390
Affected so with putrefaction
The hellish monster. And now Phoebus' mind
Gave him to know that falsehood had strook blind
Even his bright eye, because it could not find
The subtle Fountain's fraud ; to whom he flew, :m

Enflamed with anger, and in th' instant drew
Close to Delphusa, using this short vow :

" Delphusa ! you must look no longer now.
To vent your frauds on me ; for well I know
Your situation to be lovely, worth G0 °

A temple's imposition, it pours forth

575 Injormed — made, formed out of. A common word.

38 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

So delicate a stream. But your renown

Shall now no longer shine here, but mine own."

This said, he thrust her promontory down,

And damm'd her fountain up with mighty stones,

A temple giving consecrations

In woods adjoining. And in this fane all

On him, by surname of Delphusius, call,

Because Delphusa's sacred flood and fame

His wrath affected so, and hid in shame.

And then thought Phoebus what descent of men
To be his ministers he should retain,
To do in stony Pythos sacrifice.
To which his mind contending, his quick eyes
He cast upon the blue sea, and beheld
A ship, on whose masts sails that wing'd it swell'd,
In which were men transferr'd, many and good,
That in Minoian Cnossus ate their food,
And were Cretensians ; who now are those
That all the sacrificing dues dispose,
And all the laws deliver to a word
Of Day's great King, that wears the golden sword,
And oracles (out of his Delphian tree
That shrouds her fair arms in the cavity
Beneath Parnassus' mount) pronounce to men.
These now his priests, that lived as merchants then,
In traffics and pecuniary rates,
For sandy Pylos and the Pylian states
Were under sail. But now encounter'd them
Phoebus-Apollo, who into the stream
Cast himself headlong, and the strange disguise
Took of a dolphin of a goodly size.
Like which he leap'd into their ship, and lay

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 39

As an ostent of infinite dismay.

For none with any strife of mind could look 635,

Into the omen, all the ship-masts shook,

And silent all sat with the fear they took,

Arm'd not, nor strook they sail, but as before

Went on with full trim, and a foreright blore,

Stiff, and from forth the south, the ship made fly. 6i(>

When first they stripp'd the Malean promont'ry,

Touch'd at Laconia's soil, in which a town

Their ship arrived at, that the sea doth crown,

Called Tenarus, a place of much delight

To men that serve Heaven's Comforter of sight. 645

In which are fed the famous flocks that bear

The wealthy fleeces, on a delicate lair

Being fed and seated. Where the merchants fain

Would have put in, that they might out again

To tell the miracle that chanced to them, 05C>

And try if it would take the sacred stream,

Bushing far forth, that he again might bear

Those other fishes that abounded there

Delighsome company, or still would stay

Aboard their dry ship. But it fail'd t' obey, ° 55

And for the rich Peloponnesian shore

Steer' d her free sail ; Apollo made the blore

Directly guide it. That obeying still

Beach'd dry Arena, and (what wish doth fill)

Fair Argyphsea, and the populous height 000v

Of Thryus, whose stream, siding her, doth wait

639 Blore— gale.
641 Stripp'd — passed rapidly.

645 Heaven's Comforter of sight — the Sun ; Tep\pLfxfipoTov
ijeXioLO.

655 It fail 1 d f obey — i. e. the ship would not obey the rudder..

40 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

With safe pass on Alphseus, Pylos' sands,

And Pylian dwellers; keeping by the strands

On which th' inhabitants of Crunius dwell,

And Helida set opposite to hell ; ,j65

Chalcis and Dymes reach 'd, and happily

Made sail by Plieras ; all being overjoy'd

With that frank gale that Jove himself employ 'd.

And then amongst the clouds they might descry

The hill, that far-seen Ithaca calls her Eye, (j7 °

Dnlichius, Samos, and, with timber graced,

Shady Zacynthus. But when now they past

Peloponnesus all, and then when show'd

The infinite veil of Crissa, that cloth shroud

All rich Morea with her liberal breast, t575

So frank a gale there flew out of the West

As all the sky discover'd ; 'twas so great,

And blew so from the very council seat

Of Jove himself, that quickly it might send

The ship through full seas to her journey's end. (jsa

From thence they sail'd, quite opposite, to the East,
And to the region where Light leaves his rest,
The Light himself being sacred pilot there,
And made the sea-trod ship arrive them near
The grapeful Crissa, where he rest doth take 0S5

Close to her port and sands. And then forth brake
The far-shot King, like to a star that strows
His glorious forehead where the mid-day glows,
That all in sparkles did his state attire,
Whose lustre leap'd up to the sphere of fire. (J9(>

He trod where no way oped, and pierced the place
That of his sacred tripods held the grace,
684 Arrive — i. e. cause to arrive.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 41

In which he lighted such a fluent flame

As gilt all Crissa ; in which every dame,

And dame's fair daughter, cast out vehement cries 095

At those fell fires of Phoebus' prodigies,

That shaking fears through all their fancies threw.

Then, like the mind's swift light, again he flew

Back to the ship, shaped like a youth in height

Of all his graces, shoulders broad and straight, 700

And all his hair in golden curls enwrapp'd ;

And to the merchants thus his speech he shap'd :

"Ho! Strangers! What are you 1 ? And from what seat
Sail ye these ways that salt and water sweat 1
To traffic justly ? Or use vagrant scapes 705

Void of all rule, conferring wrongs and rapes,
Like pirates, on the men ye never saw,
With minds project exempt from list or law 1
Why sit ye here so stupefied, nor take
Land while ye may, nor deposition make 710

Of naval arms, when this the fashion is
Of men industrious, who (their faculties
Wearied at sea) leave ship, and use the land
For food, that with their healths and stomachs stand V

This said, with bold minds he their breast supplied,
And thus made answer the Cretensian guide : 71G

" Stranger ! Because you seem to us no seed
Of any mortal, but celestial breed
For parts and person, joy your steps ensue,
And Gods make good the bliss we think your due. 720
Vouchsafe us true relation, on what land
We here arrive, and what men here command.
We were for well-known parts bound, and from Crete
(Our vaunted country) to the Pylian seat

42 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

Vow'd our whole voyage ; yet arrive we here,
Quite cross to those wills that our motions steer,
Wishing to make return some other way,
Some other course desirous to assay,
To pay our lost pains. But some God hath fill'd
Our frustrate sails, defeating what we will'd."

Apollo answer'd : " Strangers ! Though before
Ye dwelt in woody Cnossus, yet no more
Ye must be made your own reciprocals
To your loved city and fair several s
Of wives and houses, but ye shall have here
My wealthy temple, honour'cl far and near
Of many a nation ; for myself am son
To Jove himself, and of Apollo won
The glorious title, who thus safely through
The sea's vast billows still have held your plough,
No ill intending, that will yet ye make
My temple here your own, and honours take
Upon yourselves, all that to me are given.
And more, the counsels of the King of Heaven
Yourselves shall know, and with his will receive
Ever the honours that all men shall give.
Do as I say then instantly, strike sail,
Take down your tackling, and your vessel hale
Up into land ; your goods bring forth, and all
The instruments that into sailing fall ;
Make on this shore an altar, fire en flame,
And barley white cakes offer to my name ;
And then, environing the altar, pray,
And call me (as ye saw me in the day
When from the windy seas I brake swift way
Into your ship) Delphinius, since I took

750"

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 43

A dolphin's form then. And to every look

That there shall seek it, that my altar shall

Be made a Delphian memorial

From thence for ever. After this, ascend ™° :

Your swift black ship and sup, and then intend

Ingenuous offerings to the equal Gods

That in celestial seats make blest abodes.

When, having stay'd your healthful hunger's sting,

Come all with me, and Io-pseans sing 7o5 "

All the way's length, till you attain the state

Where I your opulent fane have consecrate."

To this they gave him passing diligent ear,
And vow'd to his obedience all they were.

First, striking sail, their tacklings then they losed, 77(>
And (with their gables stoop'd) their mast imposed
Into the mast-room. Forth themselves then went,
And from the sea into the continent
Drew up their ship ; which far up from the sand
They rais'd with ample rafters. Then in hand 775

They took the altar, and inform'd it on
The sea's near shore, imposing thereupon
White cakes of barley, fire made, and did stand
About it round, as Phoebus gave command,
Submitting invocations to his will. 78(>

Then sacrific'd to all the heavenly hill
Of pow'rful Godheads. After which they eat
Aboard their ship, till with fit food replete
They rose, nor to their temple used delay.
Whom Phoebus usher'd, and touch'd all the way 7S5r

761 Intend— See Odyssey, Bk. in. 648.

779 Informed — supra, 575.

783 Food — the folio and Mr. Singer, foot.

44 A HYMN TO APOLLO.

His heavenly lute with art above admired,

■Gracefully leading them. When all were fired

With zeal to him, and followM wond'ring all

To Pythos ; and upon his name did call

With Io-pseans, such as Cretans use. 700

And in their bosoms did the deified Muse

Voices of honey-harmony infuse.

With never-weary feet their way they went,
And made with all alacrity ascent

Up to Parnassus, and that long'd-for place 795

Where they should live, and be of men the grace.
"When, all the way, Apollo show'd them still
Their far-stretch'd valleys, and their two-topp'd hill,
Their famous fane, and all that all could raise
To a supreme height of their joy and praise. so °

And then the Cretan captain thus inquired
Of King Apollo : " Since you have retired,
sovereign, our sad lives so far from friends
And native soil (because so far extends
Your dear mind's pleasure) tell us how we shall S05

Live in your service ? To which question call
Our provident minds, because we see not crown'd
This soil with store of vines, nor doth abound
In wealthy meadows, on which we may live,
As well as on men our attendance give." S1 °

He smiled, and said : "0 men that nothing know,
And so are followed with a world of woe,
That needs will succour care and curious moan,
And pour out sighs without cessation,
Were all the riches of the earth your own ! S15

Without much business, I will render known
802 Retired — i. e. caused to retire.

A HYMN TO APOLLO. 45

To your simplicities an easy way

To wealth enough : Let every man purvey

A skeane, or slaught'ring steel, and his right hand,

Bravely "bestowing, ever more see mann'd 820

With killing sheep, that to my fane will flow

From all far nations. On all which bestow

Good observation, and all else they give

To me make you your own all, and so live.

For all which watch before my temple well, 825

And all my counsels, above all, conceal.

If any give vain language, or to deeds,

Yea or as far as injury, proceeds,

Know that, at losers 7 hands, for those that gain,

It is the law of mortals to sustain. 830

Besides, ye shall have princes to obey,

Which still ye must, and (so ye gain) ye may.

All now is said ; give all thy memory's stay."

And thus to thee, Jove and Latona's son,
Be given all grace of salutation ! 835r

Both thee and others of th' Immortal State
My song shall memorize to endless date.

819 Skeane — generally used as a sword. A Celtic word. See
Nares.

THE END OF THE HYMN TO APOLLO.

A HYMIS T TO HERMES.

fjERMES, the son of Jove and Maia, sing,
Muse, th' Arcadian and Cyllenian king,
They rich in flocks, he heaven enriching
still

In messages return'd with all his will.
Whom glorious Maia, the nymph rich in hair, 5

Mixing with Jove in amorous affair,
Brought forth to him, sustaining a retreat
From all th' Immortals of the blessed seat,
And living in the same dark cave, where Jove
Inform'd at midnight the effect of love, 10

Unknown to either man or Deity,
Sweet sleep once having seized the jealous eye
Of Juno deck'd with wrists of ivory.
But when great Jove's high mind was consummate,
The tenth month had in heaven confined the date I5
Of Maia's labour, and into the sight
She brought in one birth labours infinite ;
For then she bore a son, that all tried ways
-Could turn and wind to wish'd events assays,
A fair tongu'd, but false-hearted, counsellor,
.Rector of ox-steal ers, and for all stealths bore
10 Informed — Hymn to Apollo, 575.

20

A HYMN TO HERMES. 47

A varied finger ; speeder of night's spies,

And guide of all her dream's obscurities ;

Guard of door-guardians ; and was born to be,

Amongst th' Immortals, that wing'd Deity 25

That in an instant should do acts would ask

The powers of others an eternal task.

Born in the morn, he form'd his lute at noon,

At night stole all the oxen of the Sun ;

And all this "in his birth's first day was done, 30

Which was the fourth of the increasing moon.

Because celestial limbs sustain'd his strains,

His sacred swath-bands must not be his chains,

So, starting up, to Phoebus' herd he stept,

Found straight the high-roof 'd cave where they were kept,

And th' entry passing, he th' invention found 36

Of making lutes ; and did in wealth abound

By that invention, since he first of all

"Was author of that engine musical,

By this means moved to the ingenious work : 40

Kear the cave's inmost overture did lurk

A tortoise, tasting th' odoriferous grass,

Leisurely moving ; and this object was

The motive to Jove's son (who could convert

To profitablest uses all desert 45

That nature had in any work convey'd)

To form the lute ; when, smiling, thus he said :

u Thou mov'st in me a note of excellent use,

Which thy ill form shall never so seduce

T' avert the good to be inform'd by it, 50

In pliaut force, of my form-forging wit."

Then the slow tortoise, wrought on by his mind,
41 Overture — hidden recess.

48 A HYMN TO HERMES.

He thus saluted : " All joy to the kind

Instinct of nature in thee, born to be

The spiriter of dances, company 55 "

For feasts, and following banquets, graced and blest

For bearing light to all the interest

Claim'd in this instrument ! From whence shall spring

Play fair and sweet, to which may Graces sing.

A pretty painted coat thou putt'st on here, co

Tortoise, while thy ill-bred vital sphere

Confines thy fashion ; but, surprised by me,

I'll bear thee home, where thou shalt ever be

A profit to me ; and yet nothing more

Will I contemn thee in my merited store. 6&

Goods with good parts got worth and honour gave,

Left goods and honours every fool may have,

And since thou first shall give me means to live,

I'll love thee ever. Virtuous qualities give

To live at home with them enough content, 7a

Where those that want such inward ornament

Fly out for outward, their life made their load.

' Tis best to be at home, harm lurks abroad.

And certainly thy virtue shall be known,

'Gainst great-ill -causing incantation 75

To serve as for a lance or amulet.

And where, in comfort of thy vital heat,

Thou now breath'st but a sound confus'd for song,

Expos'd by nature, after death, more strong

Thou shalt in sounds of art be, and command m

Song infinite sweeter." Thus with either hand

He took it up, and instantly took flight

Back to his cave with that his home delight.

Where (giving to the mountain tortoise vents

84 AChapmannic periphrasis for killing the tortoise.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 49

Of life and motion) with fit instruments 85 -

Forged of bright steel he straight inform'd a lute,

Put neck and frets to it, of which a suit

He made of splitted quills, in equal space

Impos'd upon the neck, and did embrace

Both back and bosom. At whose height (as gins 90

T extend and ease the string^ he put in pins.

Seven strings of several tunes he then applied,

Made of the entrails of a sheep well-dried,

And throughly twisted. Next he did provide

A case for all, made of an ox's hide, 95

Out of his counsels to preserve as well

As to create. And all this action fell

Into an instant consequence. His word

And work had individual accord,

All being as swiftly to perfection brought 10 °

As any worldly man's most ravish'd thought,

Whose mind care cuts in an infinity

Of varied parts or passions instantly,

Or as the frequent twinklings of an eye.

And thus his house-delight given absolute end, 105
He touch'd it, and did every string extend
(With an exploratory spirit assay'd)
To all the parts that could on it be play'd.
It sounded dreadfully ; to which he sung,
As if from thence the first and true force sprung
That fashions virtue. God in him did sing.
His play was likewise an unspeakable thing,
Yet, but as an extemporal assay,
Of what show it would make being the first way,
It tried his hand ; or a tumultuous noise,
Such as at feasts the first-nower'd spirits of boys

D

110

50 A HYMN TO HERMES.

Pour out in mutual contumelies still.

As little squaring with his curious will,

Or was as wanton and untaught a store.

Of Jove, and Maia that rich shoes still wore, 12 °

He sung ; who suffer'd ill reports before,

And foul stains under her fair titles bore.

But Hermes sung her nation, and her name

Did iterate ever ; all her high-flown fame

Of being Jove's mistress ; celebrating all 125

Her train of servants, and collateral

Sumpture of houses ; all her tripods there,

And caldrons huge, increasing every year.

All which she knew, yet felt her knowledge stung

With her fame's loss, which (found) she more wish'd sung.

But now he in his sacred cradle laid 131

His lute so absolute, and straight convey 'd

Himself up to a watch-to w'r forth his house,

Bich, and divinely odoriferous,

A lofty wile at work in his conceit, 135

Thirsting the practice of his empire's height.

And where impostors rule (since sable night

Must serve their deeds) he did his deeds their right.

For now the never-resting Sun was turn'd

For th' under earth, and in the ocean burn'd uo

His coach and coursers; when th' ingenious spy

Pieria's shady hill had in his eye,

Where the immortal oxen of the Gods

In air's flood solaced their select abodes,

And earth's sweet green flow'r, that was never shorn,

Fed ever down. And these the witty-born, 146

Argicides, set serious spy upon,

Severing from all the rest, and setting gone

A HYMN TO HERMES. 51

Full fifty of the violent bellow ers.

Which driving through the sands, he did reverse 150

(His birth's-craft straight rememb'ring) all their hoves,

And then transpos'd in opposite removes,

The fore behind set, the behind before,

T' employ the eyes of such as should explore.

And he himself, as sly-pac'd, cast away 155

His sandals on the sea sands ; past display

And unexcogi table thoughts in act

Putting, to shun of his stol'n steps the tract,

Mixing both tamrisk and like-tamrisk sprays

In a most rare confusion, to raise 160

His footsteps up from earth. Of which sprays he

(His armful gathering fresh from off the tree)

Made for his sandals ties, both leaves and ties

Holding together ; and then fear'd no eyes

That could affect his feet's discoveries. urj

The tamrisk boughs he gather'd, making way
Back from Pieria, but as to convey
Provision in them for his journey fit,
It being long and, therefore, needing it.

An old man, now at labour near the field 17 °

Of green Oncbestus, knew the verdant yield
Of his fair armful ; whom th' ingenious son
Of Maia, therefore, salutation
Did thus begin to : " Ho, old man ! that now
Art crooked grown with making plants to grow, 17 °

Thy nerves will far be spent, when these boughs shall
To these their leaves confer me fruit and all.
But see not thou whatever thou dost see,
Nor hear though hear, but all as touching me
Conceal, since nought it can endamage thee." ist)

52 A HYMN TO HERMES.

This, and no more, he said, and on drave still
His broad-brow'd oxen. Many a shady hill,
And many an echoing valley, many a field
Pleasant and wishful, did his passage yield
Their safe transcension. But now the divine l

And blaek-brow'd Night, his mistress, did decline
Exceeding swiftly ; Day's most early light
Fast hasting to her first point, to excite
Worldlings to work ; and in her watch-tow'r shone
King Pallas-Megamedes' seed (the Moon) ; 1!

When through th' Alphaean flood Jove's powerful son
Phoebus-Apollo's ample-foreheaded herd
(Whose necks the lab'ring yoke had never sphered)
Drave swiftly on ; and then into a stall
(Hilly, yet pass'd to through an humble vale 1{

And hollow dells, in a most lovely mead)
He gather'd all, and them divinely fed
With odorous cypress, and the ravishing tree
That makes his eaters lose the memory
Of name and country. Then he brought withal 2(

Much wood, whose sight into his search let fall
The art of making fire ; which thus he tried :
He took a branch of laurel, amplified
Past others both in beauty and in size,
Yet lay next hand, rubb'd it, and straight did rise 2C
A warm fume from it ; steel being that did raise
(As agent) the attenuated bays
To that hot vapour. So that Hermes found
Both fire first, and of it the seed close bound
In other substances ; and then the seed 21

He multiplied, of sere-wood making feed
198 The lotus.

A HYMN TO HERMES, 53

The apt heat of it, in a pile combined

Laid in a low pit, that in flames straight shined,

And cast a sparkling crack up to the sky,

All the dry parts so fervent were, and high 215

In their combustion. And how long the force

Of glorious Vulcan kept the fire in course,

So long was he in dragging from their stall

Two of the crook-haunch'd herd, that roar'd withal,

And raged for fear, t' approach the sacred fire, 22()

To which did all his dreadful pow'rs aspire.

When, blust'ring forth their breath, he on the soil

Cast both at length, though with a world of toil,

For long he was in getting them to ground

After their through-thrust and most mortal wound. 225

But work to work he join'd, the flesh and cut,

Cover'd with fat, and, on treen broches put,

In pieces roasted ; but in th' intestines

The black blood, and the honorary chines,

Together with the carcases, lay there, 23 °

Cast on the cold earth, as no Deities' cheer ;

The hides upon a rugged rock he spread.

And thus were these now all in pieces shred,

And undistinguished from earth's common herd,

Though born for long date, and to heaven endear'd, 235

And now must ever live in dead event.

But Hermes, here hence having his content,

Cared for no more, but drew to places even

The fat-works, that, of force, must have for heaven

Their capital ends, though stoPn, and therefore were 2i0

In twelve parts cut, for twelve choice Deities' cheer,

By this devotion. To all which he gave

227 Treen broches — branches of trees.

54 A HYMN TO HERMES,

Their several honours, and did wish to have

His equal part thereof, as free and well

As th' other Deities ; but the fatty smell

Afflicted him, though he Immortal were,

Playing mortal parts, and being like mortals here.

Yet his proud mind nothing the more obey'd

For being a God himself, and his own aid

Having to cause his due, and though in heart

He highly wish'cl it ; but the weaker part

Subdued the stronger, and went on in ill.

Even heavenly pow'r had rather have his will

Than have his right ; and will's the worst of all,

When but in least sort it is criminal,

One taint being author of a number still.

And thus, resolved to leave his hallow'd hill,

First both the fat parts and the fleshy all

Taking away, at the steep-entried stall

He laid all, all the feet and heads entire,

And all the sere-wood, making clear with fire.

And now, he leaving there then all things done,

And finished in their fit perfection,

The coals put out, and their black ashes thrown

From all discovery by the lovely light

The cheerful moon cast, shining all the night,

He straight assumed a novel voice's note,

And in the whirl-pit-eating flood afloat

He set his sandals. When now, once again

The that-morn-bom Cyllenius did attain

His home's divine height ; all the far-stretch'd way

No one bless'd God encountering his assay,

Nor mortal man ; nor any dog durst spend

His born-to-bark mouth at him ; till in th' end

280

A HYMN TO HERMES. 55

He reach'd his cave, and at the gate went in 275

Crooked, and wrapt into a fold so thin

That no eye could discover his repair,

But as a darkness of th' autumnal air.

When, going on fore-right, he straight arrived

At his rich fane ; his soft feet quite deprived

Of all least noise of one that trod the earth,

They trod so swift to reach his room of birth.

Where, in his swath-bands he his shoulders wrapt,

And (like an infant, newly having scap't

The teeming straits) as in the palms he lay

Of his loved nurse. Yet instantly would play

(Freeing his right hand) with his bearing cloth

About his knees wrapt, and straight (loosing both

His right and left hand) with his left he caught

His most-loved lute. His mother yet was taught

His wanton wiles, nor could a God's wit lie

Hid from a Goddess, who did therefore try

His answer thus : " Why, thou made-all-of-sleight,

And whence arriv'st thou in this rest of night ?

Improvident inpudent ! In my conceit

Thou rather shouldst be getting forth thy gate,

With all flight fit for thy endanger'd state,

(In merit of th' inevitable bands

To be impos'd by vex'd Latona's hands,

Justly incensYl for her Apollo's harms)

Than lie thus wrapt, as ready for her arms,

To take thee up and kiss thee. Would to heaven,

In cross of that high grace, thou hadst been given

Up to perdition, ere poor mortals bear

Those black banes, that thy Father Thunderer

Hath planted thee of purpose to confer

295-

56 A HYMN TO HERMES.

On them and Deities ! " He returned reply :
" As master of the feats of policy,
Mother, why aim you thus amiss at me,
As if I were a son that infancy
Could keep from all the skill that age can teach,
Or had in cheating but a childish reach,
And of a mother's mandates fear'd the breach ?
I mount that art at first, that will be best
When all times consummate their cunningest,
Able to counsel now myself and thee,
In all things best, to ail eternity.
"We cannot live like Gods here without gifts,
No, nor without corruption and shifts,,
And, much less, without eating ; as we must
In keeping thy rules, and in being just,
Of which we cannot undergo the loads.
'Tis better here to imitate the Gods,
And wine or wench out all time's periods,
To that end growing rich in ready heaps,
Stored with revenues, being in corn-field reaps
Of infinite acres, than to live enclosed
In caves, to all earth's sweetest air exposed.
I as much honour hold as Phoebus does ;
And if my Father please not to dispose
Possessions to me, I myself will see
If I can force them in ; for I can be
Prince of all thieves. And, if Latona's son
Make after my stealth indignation,
I'll have a scape as well as he a search,
And overtake him with a greater lurch ;
For I can post to Pythos, and break through
336 Lurch — deceit, falsehood.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 57

His huge house there, where harbours wealth enough,
Most precious tripods, caldrons, steel, and gold,
Garments rich wrought, and full of liberal fold. 340

All which will I at pleasure own, and thou
.Shalt see all, wilt thou but thy sight bestow."

Thus changed great words the Goat-hide-wearer's son,
And Maia of majestic fashion.

And now the air-begot Aurora rose 345

From out the Ocean great-in-ebbs-and-flows,
When, at the never-shorn pure-and-fair grove
•{Onchestus) consecrated to the love
Gf round-and-long-neck'd Neptune, Phoebus found
A man whom heavy years had press'd half round, 350
And yet at work in plashing of a fence
About a vineyard, that had residence
Hard by the highway ; whom Latona's son
Made it not strange, but first did question,
And first saluted : " Ho you ! aged sire, 355

That here are hewing from the vine the briar,
For certain oxen I come here t' inquire
Out of Pieria ; females all, and rear'd
All with horns wreath'd, unlike the common herd ;
A coal-black bull fed by them all alone ; 36 °

And all observ'd, for preservation,
"Through all their foody and delicious fen
With four fierce mastiffs, like one-minded men.
These left their dogs and bull (which I admire)
And, when was near set day's eternal fire, 365

Z4t ' A Goat-hide-wearer — Jupiter.

351 Plashing — to plash a fence is still used for half-cutting
-down the saplings and loftier branches of a hedge, and entwin-
ing them horizontally.

a64 Which I admire — which I am astonished at.

58 A HYMN TO 'HERMES,

From their fierce guardians, from their delicate fare,
Made clear departure. To me then declare,

old man, long since born, if thy grave ray
Hath any man seen making steal thful way

With all those oxen." Th' old man made reply : 3T0

u 'Tis hard, friend, to render readily

Account of all that may invade mine eye,

For many a traveller this highway treads,

Some in much ills search, some in noble threads,

Leading their lives out ; but I this young day, 375

Even from her first point, have made good display

Of all men passing this abundant hill

Planted with vines, and no such stealthful ill

Her light hath shown me ; but last evening, late,

1 saw a thing that show'd of childish state 3S0
To my old lights, and seem'd as he pursued

A herd of oxen with brave heads endued,
Yet but an infant, and retain'd a rod \
Who wearily both this and that way trod,
His head still backwards turn'd." This th' old man spake ;
Which he well thought upon, and swiftly brake 3S(}

Into his pursuit with abundant wing,
That strook but one plain, ere he knew the thing
That was the thief to be th' impostor born ;
Whom Jove yet with his son's name did adorn. 3y0 '

In study and with ardour then the King-
move's dazzling son) placed his exploring wing-
On sacred Pylos, for his forced herd,
His ample shoulders in a cloud enspher'd
Of fiery crimson. Straight the steps he found 395

Of his stol'n herd, and said : " Strange sights confound
m Ray — vision, eye.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 59

My apprehensive powers, for here I see

The tracks of oxen, but aversively

Converted towards the Pierian hills,

As treading to their mead of daffodils : 40(} '

But nor mine eye men's feet nor women's draws,

JSTor hoary wolves', nor bears', nor lions', paws,

Nor thick -neck'd bulls, they show. But he that does

These monstrous deeds, with never so swift shoes

Hath pass'd from that hour hither, but from hence 405 '

His foul course may meet fouler consequence."

With this took Phoebus wing ; and Hermes still,

For all his threats, secure lay in his hill

Wall'd with a wood ; and more, a rock, beside,

Where a retreat ran, deeply multiplied 410

In blinding shadows, and where th' endless Bride

Bore to Saturn ius his ingenious son ;

An odour, worth a heart's desire, being thrown

Along the heaven-sweet hill, on whose herb fed

Rich flocks of sheep, that bow not where they tread 415 '

Their horny pasterns. There the Light of men

(Jove's son, Apollo) straight descended then

The marble pavement, in that gloomy den.

On whom when Jove and Maia's son set eye,

Wroth for his oxen, on then, instantly, 420 '

His odorous swath-bands flew ; in which as close

Th' impostor lay, as in the cool repose

Of cast-on ashes hearths of burning coals

Lie in the woods hid, under the controls

Of skilful colliers ; even so close did lie 425

Inscrutable Hermes in Apollo's eye,

Contracting his great Godhead to a small

411 Endless — immortal, vtifupyj ajj.fi pocriT].

60 A HYMN TO HERMES.

And infant likeness, feet, hands, head, and all.
And as a hunter hath been often view'd,
From chase retired, with both his hands embrued 43a
In his game's blood, and doth for water call
To cleanse his hands, and to provoke withal
Delightsome sleep, new-wash'd and laid to rest ;
So now lay Hermes in the close-compress'd
■Chace of his oxen, his new-found-out lute 135

Beneath his arm held, as if no pursuit
But that prise, and the .virtue of his play,
His heart affected. But to Phoebus lay
His close heart open ; and he likewise knew
The brave hill-nymph there, and her dear son, new-
Born, and as well wrapt in his wiles as weeds. 441

All the close shrouds too, for his rapinous deeds,
In all the cave he knew; and with his key
He open'd three of them, in which there lay •
Silver and gold-heaps, nectar infinite store, U5

And dear ambrosia ; and of weeds she wore,
Pure white and purple, a rich wardrobe shined,
Fit for the bless'd states of Pow'rs so divined.
All which discover'd, thus to Mercury
He offer'd conference : " Infant ! You that lie 450

Wrapt so in swath-bands, instantly unfold
In what conceal'd retreats of yours you hold
My oxen stol'n by you ; or straight we shall
.Jar, as beseems not Pow'rs Celestial.
For I will take and hurl thee to the deeps 455

•Of dismal Tartarus, where ill Death keeps
His gloomy and inextricable fates,
And to no eye that light illuminates

435 Chace — enclosure for cattle, like the Latin scdtus.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 61

Mother nor Father shall return thee free,

But under earth shall sorrow fetter thee, 460<

And few repute thee their superior."

On him replied craft's subtlest Counsellor :
" What cruel speech hath passed Latona's care !
Seeks he his stol'n wild-cows where Deities are ?
I have nor seen nor heard, nor can report 465

From others' mouths one word of their resort
To any stranger. Nor will I, to gain
A base reward, a false relation feign.
Nor would I, could I tell. Eesemble I
An ox-thief, or a man 1 Especially 4T0 "

A man of such a courage, such a force
As to that labour goes, that violent course ?
No infant's work is that. My pow'rs aspire
To sleep, and quenching of my hunger's fire
With mother's milk, and, 'gainst cold shades, to arm
With cradle-cloths my shoulders, and baths warm, 47G
That no man may conceive the war you threat
Can spring in cause from my so peaceful heat.
And, even amongst th' Immortals it would bear
Event of absolute miracle, to hear 4S0

A new-born infant's forces should transcend
The limits of his doors ; much less contend
With untam'd oxen. This speech nothing seems
To savour the decorum of the beams
Cast round about the air Apollo breaks, 4S5 '

Where his divine mind her intention speaks.
I brake but yesterday the blessed womb,
My feet are tender, and the common tomb
Of men (the Earth) lies sharp beneath their tread.
But, if you please, even by my Father's head 4i, °'

62 A HYMN TO HERMES.

I'll take the great oath, that nor I protest
Myself to author on your interest
Any such usurpation, nor have I
Seen any other that feloniously

Hath forced your oxen. Strange thing ! What are those
Oxen of yours ? Or what are oxen 1 Knows 49t3

My rude mind, think you ? My ears only touch
At their renown, and hear that there are such."
This speech he pass'd ; and, ever as he spake,
Beams from the hair about his eyelids brake, 500

His eyebrows up and down cast, and his eye
Every way look'd askance and carelessly,
And he into a lofty whistling fell,
As if he idle thought Apollo's spell.
. Apollo, gently smiling, made reply : - 505

" thou impostor, whose thoughts ever lie
In labour with deceit ! For certain, I
Retain opinion, that thou (even thus soon)
Hast ransack'd many a house, and not in one
Night's-work alone, nor in one country neither, 510

Hast been besieging house and man together,
Rigging and rifling always, and no noise
Made with thy soft feet, where it all destroys.
Soft, therefore, well, and tender, thou may'st call
The feet that thy stealths go and fly withal, 5L5

For many a field-bred herdsman (unheard still)
Hast thou made drown the caverns of the hill,
"Where his retreats lie, with his helpless tears,
When any flesh-stealth thy desire endears,
And thou encount'rest either flocks of sheep, 5 -°

Or herds of oxen ! Up then ! Do not sleep
512 Ringing —tricking.

A HYMN TO HI1RMES. 63

Thy last nap in thy cradle, but come down,

Companion of black night, and, for this crown

Of thy young rapines, bear from all the state

And style of Prince Thief, into endless date." 525

This said, he took the infant in his arms,
And with him the remembrance of his harms,
This presage utt'ring, lifting him aloft :
" Be evermore the miserably-soft

Slave of the belly, pursuivant of all, 530

And author of all mischiefs capital."

He scorn'd his prophecy, so he sneezed in's face
Most forcibly ; which hearing, his embrace
He loathed and hurl'd him 'gainst the ground ; yet still
Took seat before him, though, with all the ill 535

He bore by him, he would have left full fain
That hewer of his heart so into twain.
Yet salv'd all thus : " Come, you so-swaddled thing !
Issue of Maia, and the Thunder's King !
Be confident, I shall hereafter find 540

My broad-brow'd oxen, my prophetic mind
So far from blaming this thy course, that I
Foresee thee in it to posterity
The guide of all men, always, to their ends."
This spoken, Hermes from the earth ascends, 5i5

Starting aloft, and as in study went,
Wrapping himself in his integument,
And thus ask'd Phoebus : " Whither force you me,
Far-shot, and far most powerful Deity 1
I know, for all your feigning, you're still wroth
About your oxen, and suspect my troth.
O Jupiter ! I wish the general race
Of all earth's oxen rooted from her face.

550

64 A HYMN TO HERMES.

I steal your oxen ! I again profess

That neither I have stol'n them, nor can guess 555

Who else should steal them. What strange heasts are

these
Your so-loved oxen 1 I must say, to please
Your humour thus far, that even my few hours
Have heard their fame. But be the sentence yours
Of the debate betwixt us, or to Jove 56 °

(For more indifferency) the cause remove/'

Thus when the solitude-affecting God,
And the Latonian seed, had laid abroad
All things betwixt them ; though not yet agreed,
Yet, might I speak, Apollo did proceed 565

Nothing unjustly, to charge Mercury
With stealing of the cows he does deny.
But his profession was, with filed speech,
And craft's fair compliments, to overreach
All, and even Phoebus. Who because he knew 5T0

His trade of subtlety, he still at view
Hunted his foe through all /the sandy way
"Up to Olympus. Xor would let him stray
From out his sight, but kept behind him still.

And now they reach'd the odorif rous hill 575

Of high Olympus, to their father Jove,
To arbitrate the cause in which they strove.
Where, before both, talents of justice were
Propos'd for him whom Jove should sentence clear,
In cause of their contention. And now 5S(>

About Olympus, ever crown'd with snow,
The rumour of their controversy flew.
All the Incorruptible, to their view,

568 Filed speech— see Odyssey, Bk. vi. 219.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 65

On Heaven's steep mountain made return'd repair.

Hermes, and He that light hurls through the air, 585

Before the Thuncl'rer's knees stood ; who begun

To question thus far his illustrious Son :

" Phoebus ! To what end bring'st thou captive here

Him in whom my mind puts delights so dear ?

This new-born infant, that the place supplies 590

Of Herald yet to all the Deities ?

This serious business, you may witness, draws

The Deities' whole Court to discuss the cause."

Phoebus replied : "And not unworthy is
The cause of all the Court of Deities, 595

For, you shall hear, it comprehends the weight
Of devastation, and the very height
Of spoil and rapine, even of Deities' rights.
Yet you, as if myself loved such delights,
Use words that wound my heart. I bring you here 60 °
An infant, that, even now, admits no peer
In rapes and robb'ries. Finding out his place,
After my measure of an infinite space,
In the Cyllenian mountain, such a one
In all the art of opprobration, ^° 5

As not in all the Deities I have seen,
ISTor in th' oblivion-mark'd whole race of men.
In night he drave my oxen from their leas,
Along the lofty roar-resounding seas,
From out the road- way quite ; the steps of them 6i0

So quite transpos'd, as would amaze the beam
Of any mind's eye, being so infinite much
Involv'd in doubt, as show'd a deified touch
Went to the work's performance ; all the way,
Through which my cross-hoved cows he did convey, G15

E

6Q A HYMN TO HERMES.

Had dust so darkly-hard to search, and he
So past all measure wrapt In subtilty.
For, nor with feet, nor hands, he forni'd his steps,
In passing through the dry way's sandy heaps,
But used another counsel to keep hid G2 °

His monstrous tracts, that show'd as one had slid
On oak or other boughs, that swept out still
The footsteps of his oxen, and did fill
Their prints up ever, to the daffodil!
(Or dainty-feeding meadow) as they trod, &2rj

Driven by this cautelous and infant God.
A mortal man, yet, saw him driving on
His prey to Pylos. Which when he had done,
And got his pass sign'd, with a sacred fire.
In peace, and freely (though to his desire, Gy0

>Tot to the Gods, he olfer'd part of these
My ravish'd oxen) he retires, and lies,
Like to the gloomy night, in his dim den,
All hid in darkness ; and in clouts again
Wrapp'd him so closely, that the sharp-seen eye ° 35

Of your own eagle could not see him lie.
For with his hands the air he ratified
(This way, and that moved) till bright gleams did glide
About his being, that, if any eye

Should dare the darkness, light appos'd so nigh G1 °

Might blind it quite with her antipathy.
Which wile he wove, in curious care t' illude
Th ? extreme of any eye that could intrude.
On which relying, he outrageously

(When I accus'd him) trebled his reply : G45

i I did not see, I did not hear, nor I

626 Cautelous — artful. A common word.

645 Trebled — whined, spoke in a whining tone.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 67

Will tell at all, that any other stole

Your broad-brow'd beeves. Which an impostor's soul

Would soon have done, and any author fain

Of purpose only a reward to gain.' 650

And thus he colour'd truth in every lie."

This said, Apollo sat ; and Mercury
The Gods' Commander pleased with this reply :
"Father ! I'll tell thee truth (for I am true,
And far from art to lie) : He did pursue 055

Even to my cave his oxen this self day,
The sun new-raising his illustrious ray ;
But brought with him none of the Bliss-endued,
Nor any ocular witness, to conclude
His bare assertion ; but his own command 6G0

Laid on with strong and necessary hand,
To show his oxen ; using threats to cast
My poor and infant powers into the vast
Of ghastly Tartarus ; because he bears
Of strength-sustaining youth the flaming years, 6f)

And I but yesterday produced to light.
By which it fell into his own free sight,
That I iii no similitude appear'd
Of power to be the forcer of a herd.
And credit me, Father, since the grace 67 °

Of that name, in your style, you please to place,
I drave not home bis oxen, no, nor prest
Past mine own threshold ; for 'tis manifest,
I reverence with my soul the Sun, and all
The knowing dwellers in this heavenly Hall, G75

Love you, observe the least ; and 'tis most clear
In your own knowledge, that my merits bear
No least guilt of his blame. To all which I

685

690

68 A HYMN TO HERMES,

Dare add heaven's great oath, boldly swearing by

All these so well-built entries of the Blest. m

And therefore when I saw myself so prest

With his reproaches, I confess I burn'd

In my pure gall, and harsh reply return'd.

Add your aid to your younger then, and free

The scruple flxt in Phoebus' jealousy."

This said he wink'd upon his Sire ; and still
His swathbands held beneath his arm ; no will
Discern'd in him to hide, but have them shown.

Jove laugh'd aloud at his ingenious Son,
Quitting himself with art, so likely wrought,
As show'd in his heart not a rapinous thought ;
Commanding both to bear atoned minds
And seek out th' oxen ; in which search he binds
Hermes to play the guide, and show the Sun
(All grudge exil'd) the shrowd to which he won
His fair-eyed oxen ; then his forehead bow'd
For sign it must be so ; and Hermes show'd
His free obedience ; so soon he inclined
To his persuasion and command his mind.

±^"ow, then, Jove's jarring Sons no longer stood,
But sandy Pylos and th 5 Alphsean flood
Keach'd instantly, and made as quick a fall
On those rich-feeding fields and lofty stall
Where Phoebus' oxen Hermes safely kept,
Driven in by night. When suddenly he stept 705

Up to the stony cave, and into light
Drave forth the oxen. Phoebus at first sight
Knew them the same, and saw apart dispread

695 Shrowd— den, caves underground. The crypt of a
church sometimes so called.

'00

A HYMN TO HERMES. 69

Upon a high-rais'd rock the hides new flead

Of th' oxen sacrificed. Then Phoebus said : 710

" thou in crafty counsels undisplaid !

How couldst thou cut the throats, and cast to earth

Two such huge oxen, being so young a birth,

And a mere infant ? I admire thy force,

And will, behind thy back. But this swift course 715

Of growing into strength thou hadst not need

Continue any long date, thou Seed

Of honour'd Maia ! " Hermes (to show how

He did those deeds) did forthwith cut and bow

Strong osiers in soft folds, and strappled straight 720

One of his hugest oxen, all his weight

Lay'ng prostrate on the earth at Phoebus' feet,

All his four cloven hoves eas'ly made to greet

Each other upwards, all together brought.

In all which bands yet all the beast's powers wrought

To rise, and stand ; when all the herd about 72G

The mighty Hermes rush'd in, to help out

Their fellow from his fetters. Phoebus' view

Of all this up to admiration drew

Even his high forces ; and stern looks he threw 73 °

At Hermes for his herd's wrong, and the place

To which he had retir'd them, being in grace

And fruitful riches of it so entire ;

All which set all his force on envious fire.

All whose heat flew out of his eyes in flames, 735

Which fain he would have hid, to hide the shames

Of his ill-govern'd passions. But with ease

Hermes could calm them, and his humours please

Still at his pleasure, were he ne'er so great

In force and fortitude, and high in heat. 740

70 A HYMN TO HERMES.

In all which he his lute took, and assay'd
A song upon him, and so strangely play'd,
That from his hand a ravishing horror flew.
Which Phoebus into laughter turn'd, and grew
Pleasant past measure ; tunes so artful clear 745

Strook even his heart-strings, and his mind made hear.
His lute so powerful was in forcing love,
As his hand rul'd it, that from him it drove
All fear of Phoebus ; yet he gave him still
The upper hand ; and, to advance his skill 750

To utmost miracle, he play'd sometimes
Single awhile ; in which, when all the climes
Of rapture he had reach 'd, to make the Sun
Admire enough, then his voice would run
Such points upon his play, and did so move, 755

They took Apollo prisoner to his love.
And now the deathless Gods and deathful Earth
He sung, beginning at their either's birth
To full extent of ail their empery.

And, first, the honour to Mnemosyne, 7<30

The Muses' mother, of all Goddess states
He gave ; even forced to't by the equal fates.
And then (as it did in priority fall
Of age and birth) he celebrated all.
And with such elegance and order sung ' C5

(His lute still touch'd, to stick more off his tongue)
That Phoebus' heart with infinite love he eat.
Who, therefore, thus did his deserts entreat :
" Master of sacrifice ! Chief soul of feast !
Patient of all pains ! Artizan so blest, 77 °

That all things thou canst do in any one !
Worth fifty oxen is th' invention

A HYMN TO HERMES. 71

Of this one lute. We both shall now, I hope,

In firm peace work to all our wishes' scope.

Inform me (thou that every way canst wind, 7T5

And turn to act, all wishes of thy mind)

Together with thy birth came all thy skill ?

Or did some God, or God-like man, instill

This heavenly song to thee 1 Methinks I hear

A new voice, such as never yet came near 780

The breast of any, either man or God,

Till in thee it had prime and period.

What art, what Muse that med'cine can produce

For cares most cureless, what inveterate use

Or practice of a virtue so profuse 785

(Which three do all the contribution keep

That Joy or Love confers, or pleasing Sleep,)

Taught thee the sovereign facture of them all ?

I of the Muses am the capital

Consort, or follower; and to these belong 790

The grace of dance, all worthy ways of song,

And ever-flourishing verse, the delicate set

And sound of instruments. But never yet

Did anything so much affect my mind

With joy and care to compass, as this kind 795

Of song and play, that for the spritely feast

Of flourishing assemblies are the best

And aptest works that ever worth gave act.

My powers with admiration stand distract,

To hear with what a hand to make in love 8(!0

Thou rul'st thy lute. And (though thy yong'st hours move

At full art in old councils) here I vow

(Even by this cornel dart I use to throw)

To thee, and to thy mother, I'll make thee

72 A HYMN TO HERMES.

Amongst the Gods of glorious degree, S05

Guide of men's Avays and theirs ; and will impart

To thee the mighty imperatory art,

Bestow rich gifts on thee, and in the end

Never deceive thee." Hermes (as a friend

That wrought on all advantage, and made gain S1 °

His capital object) thus did entertain

Phoebus Apollo : " Do thy dignities,

Far-working God and circularly wise,

Demand my virtues 1 Without envy I

Will teach thee to ascend my faculty. 815

And this day thou slialt reach it ; finding me,

In acts and counsels, all ways kind to thee,

As one that all things knows, and first tak'st seat

Amongst th' Immortals, being good and great,

And therefore to Jove's love mak'st free access, S20

Even out of his accomplisht holiness.

Great gifts he likewise gives thee ; who, fame says,

Hast Avon thy greatness by his will, his ways,

By him know'st all the powers prophetical,

thou far-worker, and the fates of all ! S25

Yea, and I know thee rich, yet apt to learn,

And even thy wish dost but discern and earn.

And since thy soul so burns to know the way

So play and sing as I do, sing, and play ;

Play, and perfection in thy play employ ; 83a

And be thy care, to learn things good, thy joy.

Take thou my lute (my love) and give thou me

The glory of so great a faculty.

This sweet-tuned consort, held but in thy hand,

Sing, and perfection in thy song command. 835

For thou already hast the way to speak

840

A HYMN TO HERMES. 73

Fairly and elegantly, and to break

All eloquence into thy utter'd mind.

One gift from heaven found may another find.

Use then securely this thy gift, and go

To feasts and dances that enamour so,

And to that covetous sport of getting glory,

That day nor night will suffer to be sory.

Whoever does but say in verse, sings still ;

Which he that can of any other skill

Is capable, so he be taught by art

And wisdom, and can speak at every part

Things pleasing to an understanding mind ;

And such a one that seeks this lute shall find.

Him still it teaches eas'ly, though he plays

Soft voluntaries only, and assays

As wanton as the sports of children are,

And (even when he aspires to singular

In all the mast'ries he shall, play or sing)

Finds the whole work but an unhappy thing,

He, I say, sure shall of this lute be king.

But he, whoever rudely sets upon

•Of this lute's skill th' inquest or question

Xever so ardently and angrily,

Without the aptness and ability

-Of art, and nature fitting, never shall

Aspire to this, but utter trivial

And idle accents, though sung ne'er so loud,

And never so commended of the crowd.

But thee I know, eminent Son of Jove,

The fiery learner of whatever Love

Hath sharpened thy affections to achieve,

And thee I give this lute. Let us now live

860

74 A HYMN TO HERMES.

Feeding upon the hill and horse-fed earth
Our never-handled oxen ; whose dear birth
Their females, fellow'd with tlieir males, let flow
In store enough hereafter ; nor must you
(However cunning-hearted your wits are)
Boil in your gall a grudge too circular."

Thus gave he him his lute, which he embrac'd,
And gave again a goad, whose bright head cast
Beams like the light forth ; leaving to his care
His oxen's keeping. Which, with joyful fare,
He took on him. The lute Apollo took
Into his left hand, and aloft he shook
Delightsome sounds up, to which God did sing.

Then were the oxen to their endless spring
Tum'd; and Jove's two illustrous Offsprings flew
Up to Olympus where it ever snew,
Delighted with their lute's sound all the "way.
Whom Jove much joy'd to see, and endless stay
Gave to their knot of friendship. From which date
Hermes gave Phoebus an eternal state
In his affection, whose sure pledge and sign
His lute was, and the doctrine so divine
Jointly conferral on him ; which well might be
True symbol of his love's simplicity.
On th' other part, Apollo in his friend
Form'd th' art of wisdom, to the binding end
Of his vow'd friendship ; and (for further meed)
Gave him the far-heard fistulary reed.

For all these forms of friendship, Phcebus yet
Fear'd that both form and substance where not met
In Mercury's intentions ; and, in plain,

884 Snew — past tense of snow ; still a provincialism.

A HYMN TO HERMES. 75

Said (since lie saw him born to craft and gain, 900,

And that Jove's will had him the honour done

To change at his will the possession

Of others' goods) he fear'd his breach of vows

In stealing both his lute and cunning bows,

And therefore wish'd that what the Gods affect 905?

Himself would witness, and to his request

His head bow, swearing by th' impetuous flood

Of Styx that of his whole possessions not a good

He would diminish, but therein maintain

The full content in which his mind did reign. 0I(>

And then did Maia's son his forehead bow,

Making, by all that he desired, his vow

Never to prey more upon anything

In just possession of the far-shot King,

Nor ever to come near a house of his. 915 '

Latonian Phoebus bow'd his brow to this,

With his like promise, saying : " Not any one

Of all the Gods, nor any man, that son

Is to Saturnius, is more dear to me,

More trusted, nor more honour'd is than thee. y2(>

Which yet with greater gifts of Deity

In future I'll confirm, and give fchy state

A rod that riches shall accumulate,

Nor leave the bearer thrall to death, or fate,

Or any sickness. All of gold it is, * 925 ~

> Three-leaved, and full of all felicities.

And this shall be thy guardian, this shall give

The Gods to thee in all the truth they live,

And, finally, shall this the tut'ress be

903 Goods— the folio, followed by Mr. Singer, has Gods, but
it is obviously a misprint ; unless we read other Gods. It is>
an interpolation of Chapman's.

76 A HYMN TO HERMES.

•Of all the words and works informing me 93 °

From Jove's high counsels, making known to thee

All my instructions. But to prophesy,

'O best of Jove's beloved, and that high skill

Which to obtain lies burning in thy will,

ISTor thee, nor any God, will Fate let learn. 9S5

Only Jove's mind hath insight to discern

What that importeth ; yet am I allow'd

(My known faith trusted, and my forehead bow'd,

Our great oath taken, to resolve to none

•Of all th' Immortals the restriction 940

Of that deep knowledge) of it all the mind.

cSince then it sits in such fast bounds confin'd,

brother, when the golden rod is held

In thy strong hand, seek not to have reveal'd

Any sure fate that Jove will have conceal'd. 945

For no man shall, by know'ng, prevent his fate ;

And therefore will I hold in my free state

The pow'r to hurt and help what man I will,

Of all the greatest, or least touch' d with ill,

That walk within the circle of mine eye, 950

In all the tribes and sexes it shall try.

Yet, truly, any man shall have his will

To reap the fruits of my prophetic skill,

Whoever seeks it by the voice or wing

Of birds, born truly such events to sing. 955

Nor will I falsely, nor with fallacies,

Infringe the truth on which his faith relies,

But he that truths in chattering plumes would find,

: Quite opposite to them that prompt my mind,

And learn by natural forgers of vain lies 9(i0

The more-than-ever-certain Deities,

A HYMN TO HERMES. 77

That man shall sea-ways tread that leave no tracts,

And false or no guide find for all his facts.

And yet will I his gifts accept as well

As his to whom the simple truth I tell. 9G5 "

One other thing to thee I'll yet make known,
Maia's exceedingly renowned son,
And Jove's, and of the Gods' whole session
The most ingenious genius : There dwell
Within a crooked cranny, in a dell 97 ° y

Beneath Parnassus, certain Sisters born,
Call'd Parcse, whom extreme swift wings adorn,
Their number three, that have upon their heads
White barley-flour still sprinkled, and are maids ;
And these are schoolmistresses of things to come, 975 "
Without the gift of prophecy. Of whom
(Being but a boy, and keeping oxen near)
I learn'd their skill, though my great Father were
Careless of it, or them. These flying from home
To others' roofs, and fed with honeycomb, 98(>

Command all skill, and (being enraged then)
Will freely tell the truths of things to men.
But if they give them not that Gods' sweet meat,
They then are apt to utter their deceit,
And lead men from their way. And these will I 985 "
Give thee hereafter, when their scrutiny
And truth thou hast both made and learn'd ; and then
Please thyself with them, and the race of men
(Wilt thou know any) with thy skill endear,
Who will, be sure, afford it greedy ear, 990 '

And hear it often if it prove sincere.

Take these, Maia's son, and in thy care
Be horse and oxen, all such men as are

78 A HYMN TO HERMES.

Patient of labour, lions, white-tooth'd boars,

Mastiffs, and flocks that feed the flow'ry shores, " 5

And every four-foot beast ; all which shall stand

In awe of thy high imperatory hand.

Be thou to Dis, too, sole Ambassador,

Who, though all gifts and bounties he abhor,

On thee he will bestow a wealthy one." 1000

Thus king Apollo honour'd Maia's son
With all the rites of friendship ; all whose love
Had imposition from the will of Jove.

And thus with Gods and mortals Hermes lived,
Who truly help'd but few, but all deceived 1005

With an undifferencing respect, and made
Vain words and false persuasions his trade.
His deeds were ail associates of the night,
In which his close wrongs cared for no man's right.

So all salutes to Hermes that are due, 101 °

Of whom, and all Gods, shall my Muse sing true.

THE END OP THE HYMN TO HERMES.

A HYM3ST TO YENUS.

1 force, Muse, and functions now unfold
Of Cyprian Yenus, grac'd with mines of

gold ;
iP^^ig^If Who even in Deities lights love's sweet

desire,
And all Death's kinds of men makes kiss her fire,
All air's wing'd nation, all the belluine, 5

That or the earth feeds, or the seas confine.
To all which appertain the love and care
Of well-crown'd Yenus' works. Yet three there are
Whose minds She neither can deceive nor move ;
Pallas, the Seed of iEgis-bearing Jove, 10

Who still lives indevirginate, her eyes
Being blue, and sparkling like the freezing skies,
Whom all the gold of Yenus never can
Tempt to affect her facts with God or man.
She, loving strife, arid Mars's working banes, 15

Pitch'd fields and fights, and famous artizans,
Taught earthy men first all the arts that are,
Chariots, and all the frames vehicular,
Chiefly with brass arni'd, and adorn'd for war.
Where Yenus only soft-skinn'd wenches fills 20

yy Wenches— See Odyssey, Bk. iv. 977.

80 A HYMN TO VENUS.

With wanton house-works, and suggests those skills

Still to their studies. Whom Diana neither,

That hears the golden distaff, and together

Calls horns, and hollows, and the cries of hounds,

And owns the epithet of loving sounds

For their sakes, springing from such spritely sports,

Can catch with her kind lures ; but hill resorts

To wild-beasts, slaughters, accents far-off heard

Of harps and dances, and of woods unshear'd

The sacred shades she loves, yet likes as well

Cities where good men and their offspring dwell.

The third, whom her kind passions nothing please,

Is virgin Yesta ; whom Saturnides

Made reverend with his counsels, when his Sire,

That adverse counsels agitates, life's fire

Had kindled in her, being his last-begot.

Whom Neptune woo'd to knit with him the knot

Of honour' d nuptials, and Apollo too ;

Which with much vehemence she refused to do,

And stern repulses put upon them both,

Adding to all her vows the Gods' great oath,

And touching Jove's chin, which must consummate

All vows so bound, that she would hold her state,

And be th' invincible Maid of Deities

Through all her days' dates. For Saturnides

Gave her a fair gift in her nuptials' stead,

To sit in midst of his house, and be fed

With all the free and richest feast of heaven,

In all the temples of the Gods being given

The prize of honour. JSTot a mortal man,

2i Hollows — shouts ; or, as Mr. Singer prints, halloos.
42 See Iliad, Bk. I. 481.

A HYMN TO VENUS. 81

(That either, of the Pow'rs Olympian
His half-birth having, may be said to be
A mortal of the Gods, or else that he,
Deities' wills doing, is of Deity)

But gives her honour of the amplest kind. 55

Of all these three can Venus not a mind
Deceive, or set on forces to reflect.
Of all Pow'rs else yet, not a sex, nor sect,
Flies Venus ; either of the blessed Gods,
Or men confin'd in mortal periods. 60

But even the mind of Jove she doth seduce,
That chides with thunder so her lawless use
In human creatures, and by lot is given
Of all most honour, both in earlh and heaven.
And yet even his all-wise and mighty mind 65

She, when she lists, can forge affects to blind,
And mix with mortal dames his Deity,
Conceal'd at all parts from the jealous eye
Of Juno, who was both his sister born,
And made his wife ; whom beauty did adorn 70

Past all the bevy of Immortal Dames,
And whose so chiefly-glorified flames
Cross-counselFd Saturn got, and Bhaea bore,
And Jove's pure counsels (being conqueror)
His wife made of his sister. Ay, and more, 75

Cast such an amorous fire into her mind
As made her (like him) with the mortal kind
Meet in unmeet bed ; using utmost haste,
Lest she should know that he lived so unchaste,
Before herself felt that fault in her heart, so

And gave her tongue too just edge of desert
71 Bevy— See Odyssey, Bk. vi. 115.

82 A HYMN TO VENUS.

To tax his lightness. With this end, beside,

Lest laughter-studying Yenus should deride

The Gods more than the Goddesses, and say

That she the Gods conmrix'd in amorous play S5

With mortal dames, begetting mortal seed

T' immortal sires, and not make Goddesses breed

The like with mortal fathers. But, t' acquite

Both Gods and Goddesses of her despite,

Jove took (even in herself) on him her pow'r, <J0

And made her with a mortal paramour

Use as deform'd a mixture as the rest ;

Kindling a kind affection in her breast

To God-like-limb'd Anchises, as he kept,

On Ida's top-oii-top-to-heaven's-pole-heapt, ° 5

Amongst the many fountains there, his herd.

For, after his brave person had appear'd

To her bright eye, her heart flew all on fire,

And to amaze she burn'd in his desire,

Fiew straight to Cyprus, to her odorous fane 1(;0

And altars, that the people Paphian

Advanced to her. Where, soon as enter'd, she

The shining gates shut ; and the Graces three

Wash'd, and with oils of everlasting scent

Bathed, as became, her deathless lineament. i05

Then her ambrosian mantle she assum'cl,

With rich and odoriferous airs perfum'd.

Which being put on, and all her trims beside

Fair, and with all allurements amplified,

The ail-of-gold-made laughter-loving Dame no

Left odorous Cyprus, and for Troy became

95 'A/cpo7r6\o?. Altissimum habens verticem, cujus summitas
ipsum polum attingit. — Chapman.

A HYMN TO VENUS. 83

A swift contendress, her pass cutting all

Along the clouds, and made her instant fall

On fountful Ida, that her mother-breasts

Gives to the preyful brood of savage beasts. 115

And through the hill she went the ready way

T' Anchises' oxstall, where did fawn and play

About her blessed feet wolves grisly-gray,

Terrible lions, many a mankind bear,

And lybberds swift, insatiate of red deer. 120

Whose sight so pleas'd, that, ever as she past

Through every beast, a kindly love she cast,

That, in their dens obscured with shadows deep,

Made all, distinguish'd in kind couples, sleep.

And now she reach'd the rich pavilion 125

Of the heroe, in whom heavens had shown
A fair and goodly composition,
And whom she in his oxstall found, alone,
His oxen feeding in fat pastures by,
He walking up and down, sounds clear and high 1S0

From his harp striking. Then before him she
Stood like a virgin, that invincibly
Had borne her beauties-; yet alluringly
Bearing her person, lest his ravish'd eye
Should chance t J affect him wish a stupid fear. 135

Anchises seeing her, all his senses were
With wonder stricken, and high- taken heeds
Both of her form, brave stature, and rich weeds.
For, for a veil, she shin'd in an attire
That cast a radiance past the ray of fire. 140

Beneath which wore she, girt to her, a gown

119 Mankind — masculine, ferocious.

120 Lybberds — leopards.

84 A HYMN TO VENUS.

Wrought all with growing-rose-buds, reaching down

T' her slender smalls, which buskins did divine,

Such as taught Thetis' silver feet to shine.

Her soft white neck rich carquenets embraced, 145

Bright, and with gold in all variety graced,

That to her breasts let down lay there and shone,

As, at her joyful full, the rising Moon.

Her sight show'd miracles. Anchises' heart

Love took into his hand, and made him part 15 °

With these high salutations: "Joy, Queen !

Whoever of the Blest thy beauties been

That light these entries ; or the Deity

That darts affecteth ; or that gave the Eye

Of heaven his heat and lustre ; or that moves 155

The hearts of all with all-commanding loves ;

Or generous Themis ; or the blue-eyed Maid ;

Or of the Graces any that are laid

With all the Gods in comparable scales,

And whom fame up to immortality calls ; im

Or any of the Nymphs, that unshorn groves,

Or that this fair hill-habitation, loves,

Or valleys flowing with earth's fattest goods,

Or fountains pouring forth eternal floods !

Say, which of all thou art, that in some place 1G5

Of circular prospect, for thine eyes' dear grace,

I may an altar build, and to thy pow'rs

Make sacred all the year's devoted hours,

With consecrations sweet and opulent.

Assur'd whereof, be thy benign mind bent 170

145 Carquenets — sometimes spelt carcanets and carhiets.

153 The Deity, &c. — Diana; that gave the eye, &c. — Latona,
mother of Apollo ; that moves the hearts — Venus ; the blue-
eyed Maid — Minerva.

A HYMN TO VENUS. 85

To these wish'd blessings of me : Give me parts

Of chief attraction in Trojan hearts ;

And, after, give me the refnlgency

Of most renown'd and rich posterity ;

Long, and free life, and heaven's sweet light as long ;

The people's blessings, and a health so strong 17 °

That no disease it let my life engage,

Till th' utmost limit of a human age."

To this Jove's Seed this answer gave again :
" Anchises ! Happiest of the human strain ! 1S0

I am no Goddess ! Why, a thrall to death
Think'st thou like those that immortality breathe 1
A woman brought me forth ; my father's name
Was Otreiis, if ever his high fame

Thine ears have witness'd, for he govern'd all 185

The Phrygian state, whose every town a wall
Impregnable embrac'd. Your tongue, you hear,
I speak so well, that in my natural sphere
(As I pretend) it must have taken prime.
A woman, likewise, of the Trojan clime 190

Took of me, in her house, the nurse's care
From my dear mother's bosom ; and thus are
My words of equal accent with your own.
How here I come, to make the reason known,
Argicides, that bears the golden rod, 195

Transferr'd me forcibly from my abode
Made with the maiden train of Her that joys
In golden shafts, and loves so well the noise
Of hounds and hunters (heaven's pure-living Pow'r)
Where many a nymph and maid of mighty dow'r 200
Chaste sports employ'd, all circled with a crown
197 Diana.

88 A HYMN TO VENUS.

Of infinite multitude, to see so shown
Our maiden pastimes. Yet, from all the fair
Of this so forceful concourse, up in air
The golden-rod-sustaining Argus'-Guide 2U;>

Rapt me in sight of all, and made me ride
Along the clouds wilh him, enforcing me
Through many a labour of mortality,
Through many an unbuilt region, and a rude,
Where savage beasts devour'd preys warm and crude,
And would not let my fears take one foot's tread 2U
On Her by whom are all lives comforted,
But said my maiden state must grace the bed
Of king Anchises, and bring forth to thee
Issue as fair as of divine degree. 2l5

Which said, and showing me thy moving grace,
Away flew he up to th' Immortal Race.
And thus came I to thee ; Necessity,
With her steel stings, compelling me V apply
To her high pow'r my will. But you must I 22 °

Implore by Jove, and all the reverence due
To your dear parents, who, in bearing you,
Can bear no mean sail, lead me home to them
An untouched maid, being brought up in th' extreme
Of much too cold simplicity to know 225

The fiery cunnings that in Venus glow.
Show me to them then, and thy brothers born,
I shall appear none that parts disadorn,
But such as well may serve a brother's wife,
And show them now, even to my future life, 23{)

If such or no my present will extend.
To horse-breed-vary'ng Phrygia likewise send,
212 The Earth.

A HYMN TO VENUS. 87

T' inform my sire and mother of my state,

That live for me extreme disconsolate ;

Who gold enough, and well-woven weeds, will give. 235

All whose rich gifts in my amends receive.

All this perform'd, add celebration then

Of honour'd nuptials, that by God and men

Are held in reverence." All this while she said,

Into his bosom jointly she convey'd 2i0

The fires of love ; when, all-enamour'd, he

In these terms answer'd : "If mortality

Confine thy fortunes, and a woman were

Mother to those attractions that appear

In thy admir'd form, thy great father given 245

High name of Otreiis ; and the Spy of heaven

(Immortal Mercury) th' enforceful cause

That made thee lose the prize of that applause

That modesty immaculate virgins gives,

My wife thou shalt be call'd through both our lives. 25(>

!N"or shall the pow'rs of men nor Gods withhold

My fiery resolution to enfold

Thy bosom in mine arms ; which here I vow

To firm performance, past delay, and now.

Kor, should Apollo with his silver bow 255f

Shoot me to instant death, would I forbear

To do a deed so full of cause so dear.

For with a heaven-sweet woman I will lie,

Though straight I stoop the house of Dis, and die."

This said, he took her hand, and she took way ' m
With him, her bright eyes casting round; whose stay
She stuck upon a bed, that was before
Made for the king, and wealthy coverings wore.
On which bears' hides and big-voic'd lions' lay,

88 A HYMN TO VENUS.

Whose preyful lives the king had made his prey, -

Hunting th' Idalian hills. This heel when they

Had both ascended, first he took from her

The fiery weed, that was her utmost wear ;

Unbutton'd her next rosy robe ; and loos'd

The girdle that her slender waist enclos'd ; 2

Unlac'd her buskins ; all her jewelry

Took from her neck and breasts, and all laid by

Upon a golden-studded chair of state.

Th' amaze of all which being remov'cl, even Fate

And council of the equal Gods gave way 2

To this, that with a deathless Goddess lay

A deathf ul man ; since, what his love assum'd,

Not with his conscious knowledge was presum'd.

!STow when the shepherds and the herdsmen, all,
Turn'd from their flow'ry pasture to their stall, 2

With all their oxen, fat and frolic sheep,
Venus into Anchises cast a sleep,
Sweet and profound ; while with her own hands now
With her rich weeds she did herself endow ;
But so distinguished, that he clear might know 2

His happy glories ; then (to her desire
Her heavenly person put in trims entire)
She by the bed stood of the well-built stall,
Advanc'd her head to state celestial,
And in her cheeks arose the radiant hue -

Of rich-crown'd Yenus to apparent view.
And then she rous'd him from his rest, and said :
u Up, my Dardanides, forsake thy bed.
What pleasure, late employ'd, lets humour steep
Thy lids in this inexci table sleep 1 2;

Wake, and now say, if I appear to thee

A HYMN TO VENUS. 89

Like her that first thine eyes conceited me."

This started him from sleep, though deep and dear,
And passing promptly he enjoy'd his ear.
But when his eye saw Venus' neck and eyes, 300

Whose beauties could not bear the counterprise
Of any other, down his own eyes fell,
Which pallid fear did from her view repell,
And made him, with a main respect beside,
Turn his whole person from her state, and hide 305

(With his rich weed appos'd) his royal face,
These wing'd words using : " When, at first, thy grace
Mine eyes gave entertainment, well I knew
Thy state was deified ; but thou told'st not true ;
And therefore let me pray thee (by thy love 310

Born to thy father, iEgis-bearing Jove)
That thou wilt never let me live to be
An abject, after so divine degree
Taken in fortune, but take ruth on me.
For any man that with a Goddess lies, 315

Of interest in immortalities,
Is never long-liv'd." She replied : " Forbear,
O happiest of mortal men, this fear,
And rest assured, that (not for me, at least)
Thy least ills fear fits ; no, nor for the rest 320

Of all the Blessed, for thou art their friend ;
And so far from sustaining instant end,
That to thy long-enlarg'd life there shall spring
Amongst the Trojans a dear son, and king,
To whom shall many a son, and son's son, rise 325

In everlasting great posterities ;
His name iEneas ; therein keeping life,
For ever, in my much-conceited grief,

90 A HYMN TO VENUS.

That I, immortal, fell into the bed

Of one whose blood mortality must med. 33 °

But rest thou comforted, and all the race

That Troy shall propagate, in this high grace :

That, past all races else, the Gods stand near

Your glorious nation, for the forms ye hear,

And natures so ingenuous and sincere. 33&

For which, the great-in-counsels (Jupiter)

Your gold-lock'd Ganemedes did transfer

(In rapture far from men's depressed fates)

To make him consort with our Deified States,

And scale the tops of the Saturnian skies, [m

He was so mere a marvel in their eyes.

And therefore from a bowl of gold he fills

Ked nectar, that the rude distension kills

Of winds that in your human stomach breed.

But then did languor on the liver feed 3i5

Of Tros, his father, that was king of Troy,

And ever did his memory employ

With loss of his dear beauty so bereaven,

Though with a sacred whirlwind rapt to heaven.

But Jove, in pity of him, saw him given y50

Good compensation, sending by Heaven's Spy

White-swift-hov'd horse, that Immortality

Had made firm-spirited ; and had, beside,

Hermes to see his ambassy supplied

With this vow'd bounty (using all at large B55

That his unalter'd counsels gave in charge)

That he himself should immortality breathe,

Expert of age and woe as well as death.

347 dXrjaros. Gujus memoria erit perpetua. — Chapman.

358 Expert — in the classical sense, free from, unaccompanied by^

A HYMN TO VENUS. 91

" This ambassy express'd, lie mourn'd no more.
But up with all his inmost mind lie bore, 3l5 °

Joying that he, upon his swift-hov'd horse,
Should be sustain'd in an eternal course.

" So did the golden-throned Aurora raise,
Into her lap, another that the praise
Of an immortal fashion had in fame, 305

And of your nation bore the noble name,
(His title Tithon) who, not pleased with her,
As she his lovely person did transfer,
To satisfy him, she bade ask of Jove
The gift of an Immortal for her love. a70

Jove gave, and bound it with his bower] brow,
Performing to the utmost point his vow.
Fool that she was, that would her love engage,
And not as long ask from the bane of age
The sweet exception, and youth's endless flow'r ! 375

Of which as long as both the grace and pow'r
His person entertain'd, she loved the man,
And (at the fluents of the ocean
JSTear Earth's extreme bounds) dwelt with him ; but

when
(According to the course of aged men) 38a

On his fair head, and honourable beard,
His first grey hairs to her light eyes appear'd,
She left his bed, yet gave him still for food
The Gods' ambrosia, and attire as good.
Till even the hate of age came on so fast 385 '

That not a lineament of his was grac'd
With pow'r of motion, nor did still sustain,
Much less, the vigour had t' advance a vein,
The virtue lost in each exhausted limb,

m A HYMN TO VENUS.

That at his wish before would answer him ;

All pow'rs so quite decay VI, that when he spake

His voice no perceptible accent brake.

Her counsel then thought best to strive no more,

But lay him in his bed and lock his door.

Such an Immortal would not I wish thee,

T' extend all days so to eternity.

But if, as now, thou couldst perform thy course

In grace of form, and all corporeal force,

To an eternal date, thou then should'st bear

My husband's worthy name, and not a tear

Should I need rain, for thy deserts declin'd,

From my all-clouded bitterness of mind.

But now the stern* storm of relentless age

Will quickly circle thee, that waits t' engage

All men alike, even loathsomeness, and bane

Attending with it, every human wane,

Which even the Gods hate. Such a penance lies

Impos'd on flesh and blood's infirmities !

Which I myself must taste in great degree,

And date as endless, for consorting thee.

All the Immortals with my opprobry

Are full by this time ; on their hearts so lie

.(Even to the sting of fear) my cunnings us'd,

And wiving conversations infus'd

Into the bosoms of the best of them

With women, that the frail and mortal stream

Doth daily ravish. All this long since done.

Which now no more, but with effusion

Of tears, I must in heaven so much as name,

I have so forfeited in this my fame,

And am impos'd pain of so great a kind

A HYMN TO VENUS. 93

For so much erring from a Goddess' mind.

For I have put beneath my girdle here

A son, whose sire the human mortal sphere

Gives circumscription. But, when first the light 425k

His eyes shall comfort, Nymphs that haunt the height

Of hills, and breasts have of most deep receipt,

Shall be his nurses ; who inhabit now

A hill of so vast and divine a brow,

As man nor God can come at their retreats ; 430 '

Who live long lives, and eat immortal meats,

And with Immortals in the exercise

Of comely dances dare contend, and rise

Into high question which deserves the prize.

The light Sileni mix in love with these, 435

And, of all Spies the Prince, Argicides ;

In well-trimm'd caves their secret meetings made.

And with the lives of these doth life invade

Or odorous fir-trees, or high-foreheaded oaks,

Together taking their begetting strokes, U(y

And have their lives and deaths of equal dates,

Trees bearing lovely and delightsome states,

Whom Earth first feeds, that men initiates.

On her high hills she doth their states sustain,

And they their own heights raise as high again. 445 '

Their growths together made, Nymphs call their groves

Vow'd to th' Immortals services and loves ;

Which men's steels therefore touch not, but let grow.

But w T hen wise Fates times for their fadings know,

The fair trees still before the fair Nymphs die, 45a

The bark about them grown corrupt and dry,

And all their boughts fall'n yield to Earth her right ;

And then the Nymphs' lives leave the lovely night.

94 A HYMN TO VENUS.

" And these Nymphs in their caves shall nurse my son,
Whom (when in him youth's first grace is begun) 455
The Nymphs, his nurses, shall present to thee,
And show thee what a birth thou hast by me.
And, sure as now I tell thee all these things,
When Earth hath cloth'd her plants in five fair springs,
Myself will make return to this retreat, 46 °

And bring that flow'r of thy enamour 'd heat ;
Whom when thou then seest, joy shall fire thine eyes,
He shall so well present the Deities.
And then into thine own care take thy son
From his calm seat to windy Hi on, 4( > 5

Where, if strict question be upon the past,
Asking what mother bore beneath her waist
So dear a son, answer, as I afford
Fit admonition, nor forget a word :

They say a Nymph, call'd Calucopides, 4T0

That is with others an inhabitress
On this thy wood-crown'd hill, acknowledges
That she his life gave. But, if thou declare
The secret's truth, and art so mad to dare
(In glory of thy fortunes) to approve 475

That rich-crown'd Yen us mix'd with thee in love,
Jove, fired with my aspersion so dispread,
Will with a wreakful lightning dart thee dead.

"All now is told thee, comprehend it all.
Be master of thyself, and do not call 4S0

My name in question; but with reverence vow
To Deities' angers all the awe ye owe."

This said, She reach'd heaven, where airs ever flow.
475 Glory — boast.

A HYMN TO VENUS. 95

And so, Goddess, ever honour'd be,

In thy so odorous Cyprian empery ! 485

My Muse, affecting first thy fame to raise,

Shall make transeension now to other's praise.

THE END OF THE FIRST HYMN TO VENUS.

TO THE SAME.

^HE reverend, rich-crown'd, and fair Queen
I sing,
Venus, that owes in fate the fortressing
Of all maritimal Cyprus ; where the force
Of gentle-breathing Zephyr steer'd her course
Along the waves of the resounding sea, 5

While, yet unborn, in that soft foam she lay
That brought her forth; whom those fair Hours that bear
The golden bridles joyfully stood near,
Took up into their arms, and put on her
Weeds of a never-corruptible wear. 10

On her immortal head a crown they plac'd,
Elaborate, and with all the beauties grac'd
That gold could give it ; of a weight so great,
That, to impose and take off, it had set
Three handles on it, made, for endless hold, 15

Of shining brass, and all adorn'd with gold.
Her soft neck all with carquenets was grac'd,
That stoop'd, and both her silver breasts embrac'd,
Which even the Hours themselves wear in resort
To Deities' dances, and her Father's court. 20

2 Owes — owns.

96 BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES.

Grac'd at all parts, they brought to heaven her graces ;

Whose first sight seen, all fell into embraces,

Hugg'd her white hands, saluted, wishing all

To wear her maiden flow'r in festival

Of sacred Hymen, and to lead her home ; 2

All, to all admiration, overcome

With Cytherea with the violet crown.

So to the Black-brow'd Sweet-spoke all renown !
Prepare my song, and give me, in the end,
The victory to whose palm all contend !
So shall my Muse for ever honour thee,
And, for thy sake, thy fair posterity.

BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES.

JF Dionysus, noble Semele's Son,
I now intend to render mention,
As on a prominent shore his person shone,
Like to a youth whose flow'r was newly blown,
Bright azure tresses play'd about his head, {

And on his bright broad shoulders was dispread
A purple mantle. Strait he was descried
By certain manly pirates, that applied
Their utmost speed to prise him, being aboard
A well-built bark, about whose broad sides xoar'd 1C

The wine-black Tyrrhene billows ; death as black
Brought them upon him in their future wrack.
Por, soon as they had purehas'd but his view,
Mutual signs past them, and ashore they fiew,

30

BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES. 97

Took him, and brought him instantly aboard, 15

Soothing their hopes to have obtain'd a hoard

Of riches with him ; and a Jove-kept king

To such a flow'r must needs be natural spring.

And therefore straight strong fetters they must fetch,

To make him sure. But no such strength would stretch

To his constrain'd pow'rs. Far flew all their bands 21

From any least force done his feet or hands.

But he sat casting smiles from his black eyes

At all their worst. At which discoveries

Made by the master, he did thus dehort 2I *

All his associates : " Wretches ! Of what sort

Hold ye the person ye assay to bind ?

Nay, which of all the Pow'r fully-divin'd

Esteem ye him, whose worth yields so much weight

That not our well-built bark will bear his freight % m

Or Jove himself he is, or He that bears

The silver bow, or Neptune. Nor appears

In him the least resemblance of a man,

But of a strain at least Olympian.

Come ! Make we quick dismission of his state, 3&

And on the black-soil'd earth exonerate

Our sinking vessel of his deified load,

Nor dare the touch of an intangible God,

Lest winds outrageous, and of wrackful scathe,

And smoking tempests, blow his fiery wrath." 4a

This well-spoke master the tail captain gave

Hateful and horrible langu-ige ; call'd him slave,

And bade him mark the prosp'rous gale that blew,

28 Pow'r fully -divirtd — Mr. Singer has wrongly altered this
to powerfully -divined ; but Chapman says fully -divirCd Poufr,
i. e. Godhead.

41 i. e, the tall captain replied to the master.

G

98 BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES.

And how their vessel with her mainsail flew ;

Bade all take arms, and said, their works required 45

The cares of men, and not of an inspir'd

Pure zealous master ; his firm hopes being fir'd

With this opinion, that they should arrive

In iEgypt straight, or Cyprus, or where live

Men whose brave breaths above the north wind blow ;

Yea, and perhaps beyond their region too. 51

And that he made no doubt but in the end

To make his prisoner tell him every friend

Of all his offspring, brothers, wealth, and all ;

Since that prise, certain, must some God let fall. 55

This said, the mast and mainsail up he drew,
And in the mainsail's midst a frank gale blew ;
When all his ship took arms to brave their prise.
But straight strange works appear'd to all their eyes :
First, sweet wine through their swift-black bark did flow,
Of which the odours did a little blow 61

Their fiery spirits, making th' air so fine
That they in flood were there as well as wine.
A mere immortal-making savour rose,
Which on the air the Deity did impose. <jr>

The seamen see'ng all, admiration seiz'd ;
Yet instantly their wonders were increas'd,
Eor on the topsail there ran, here and there,
A vine that grapes did in abundance bear,
And in an instant was the ship's mainmast 7(f

With an obscure-green ivy's arms embrac'd,
That flourish'd straight, and were with berries grac'd ;
Of which did garlands circle every brow
-Of all the pirates, and no one knew how.

64 M ere— See Odyssey, Bk. vin. 115.

BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES. 99

"Which when they saw, they made the master steer 75

-Out to the shore ; whom Bacchus made forbear,

With showing more wonders. On the hatches He

Appeared a terrible lion, horribly

Boaring ; and in the mid-deck a male bear,

Made with a huge mane ; making all, for fear, m

■Crowd to the stern, about the master there,

Whose mind he still kept dauntless and sincere,

But on the captain rush'd and ramp'd, with force

So rude and sudden, that his main recourse

Was to the main-sea straight : and after him S5

Leapt all his mates, as trusting to their swim

To fly foul death ; but so found what they fled,

Being all to dolphins metamorphosed.

The master he took ruth of, sav'd, and made

The blessed'st man that ever tried his trade, 90

These few words giving him : "Be confident,

Thou God-inspired pilot, in the bent

-Of my affection, ready to requite

Thy late-to-me-intended benefit.

I am the roaring God of spritely wine, 9o

Whom Semele (that did even Jove incline

To amorous mixture, and was Cadmus' care)

Made issue to the mighty Thunderer."

And thus, all excellence of grace to thee,
;Son of sweet-count'nance-carry'ng Semele. 10a

I must not thee forget in least degree,
But pray thy spirit to render so my song
.Sweet, and all ways in order'd fury strong.

100 MARS.

TO MAES.

AKS, most -strong, gold - helm'd, making

chariots crack ;
Never without a shield cast on thy back ;
Mind-master, town-guard, with darts never driven ;
Strong-handed, all arms, fort, and fence of heaven ;
Father of victory with fair strokes given ; 5

Joint surrogate of justice, lest she fall
In unjust strifes a tyrant ; general
Only of just men justly ; that dost hear
Fortitude's sceptre; to heaven's fiery sphere
Giver of circular motion, between 1C

That and the Pleiads that still wand'ring been,
Where thy still- vehem en tly-naming horse
About the third heaven make their fiery course ;
Helper of mortals ; hear ! — As thy fires give
The fair and present boldnesses that strive 15

In youth for honour, being the sweet-beam'd light
That darts into their lives, from all their height,
The fortitudes and fortunes found in fight ;
So would I likewise wish to have the pow'r
To keep off from my head thy bitter hour, 2C

And r-hat false fire, cast from my soul's low kind,
Stoop to the no rule of my highest mind,
Controlling that so eager sting of wrath
That stirs me on still to that horrid scathe
Of war, that God still sends to wreak his spleen 25

(Even by whole tribes) of proud injurious men.
.But thou Ever-Biessed ! give me still

DIANA. 101

Presence of mind to put in act my will,
Varied, as fits, to all occasion ;
Arid to live free, unforc'd, unwrought upon,
Beneath those laws of peace that never are
Affected with pollutions popular
Of unjust hurt, or loss to any one ;
And to bear safe the burthen undergone
Of foes inflexive, and inhuman hates,
Secure from violent and harmful fates.

TO DIANA.

) IANA praise, Muse, that in darts delights,
Lives still a maid, and had nutritial rights
With her born-brother, the far-shooting Sun.
That doth her all-of-gold-made chariot run
In chase of game, from Meles that abounds 5

In black-brow'd bulrushes, and, where her hounds
She first uncouples, joining there her horse,
Through Smyrna carried in most fiery course
To grape-rich Claros ; where (in his rich home,
And constant expectation She will come) 30

Sits Phoebus, that the silver bow doth bear,
To meet with Phoebe, that doth darts transfer
As far as He his shafts. As far then be
Thy chaste fame shot, Queen of archery !
Sacring my song to every Deity. ~^>

15 Sacring — consecrating. The reader will remember the

sdcring-bell.

102 VENUS.— PALLAS.

TO VENUS.

F^Vjl Cyprian Venus still my verses vow,

"Who gifts as sweet as honey doth bestow

8$^ On all mortality ; that ever smiles,
And rules a face that all foes reconciles ;
Ever sustaining in her hand a ilow'r
That all desire keeps ever in her pow'r.

Hail, then, Queen of well-built Salamine,
And all the state that Cyprus doth confine,
Inform my song with that celestial fire
That in thy beauties kindles all desire.
So shall my Muse for ever honour thee,
And any other thou commend'st to me.

TO PALLAS.

^I^^ALLAS Minerva only I begin

To give my song ; that makes war's terrible
din,

Is patroness of cities, and with Mars
Marshall'd in all the care and cure of wars,
And in everted cities, fights, and cries. 5

But never doth herself set down or rise
Before a city, but at both times She
All injur'd people sets on foot and free.

Give, with thy war's force, fortune then to me,
And, with thy wisdom's force, felicity. lc

JUNO.— CERES.— CYBELE. 103

TO JUNO.

| ATURNIA, and her throne of gold, I sing,
That was of Rhea the eternal spring,
And empress of a beauty never yet

Equall'd in height of tincture. Of the great

Saturnius (breaking air in awful noise)

The far-fam'd wife and sister ; whom in joys

Of high Olympus all the Blessed love,

And honour equal with unequall'd Jove.

TO CERES.

pT^i HE rich-hair' d Ceres I assay to sing ;

A Goddess, in whose grace the natural spring
Of serious majesty itself is seen;
And of the wedded, yet in grace still green,
Proserpina, her daughter, that displays 5

A beauty casting every way her rays.

All honour to thee, Goddess ! Keep this town ;
And take thou chief charge of my son's renown !

TO THE MOTHER OF THE GODS.

\ OTHER of all, both Gods and men, commend,
Muse, whose fair form did from Jove
descend ;

That doth with cymbal sounds delight her life,
And tremulous divisions of the fife ;

104 HERCULES.

Love's dreadful lions' roars, and wolves' hoarse howls,
Sylvan retreats, and hills, whose hollow knolls
Eaise repercussive sounds about her ears.
And so may honour ever crown thy years
"With all-else Goddesses, and ever be
Exalted in the Muses' harmony !

10

TO LION-HEAKTED HERCULES.

^LCIDES, forcefullest of all the brood
Of men enfore'd with need of earthy food,
My Muse shall memorise ; the son of Jove,
Whom, in fair-seated Thebes (commix'd in love
With great heaven's sable-cloud-assembling State) r>

Alcmena bore to him ; and who, in date
Of days forepast, through all the sea was sent,
And Earth's inenarrable continent,
To acts that king Eurystheus had decreed ;
Did many a petulant and imperious deed 10

Himself, and therefore suffer'd many a toil ;
Yet now inhabits the illustrious soil
Of white Olympus, and delights his life
With still-young Hebe, his well-ankled wife.

Hail, King, and Son of Jove ! Vouchsafe thou me 15
Virtue, and, her effect, felicity !

JBSCULAPIUS.—TYND ABIDES. 105

TO ^SCULAPIUS.

' ITH iEseulapius, the physician,
That cur'd all sickness, and was Phoebus' son,
My Muse makes entry ; to whose life gave
yield
Divine Coronis in the Dotian field,
(King Phlegms' daughter) who much joy on men 5

Conferr'd, in dear ease of their irksome pain.
For which, my salutation, worthy king,
And vows to thee paid, ever when I sing !

TO CASTOR AND POLLUX.

EASTOR and Pollux, the Tyndarides,

Sweet Muse illustrate ; that their essences

Fetch from the high forms of Olympian Jove,

And were the fair fruits of bright Leda's love,

"Which she produc'd beneath the sacred shade 5

Of steep Taygetus, being subdu'd, and made

To serve th' affections of the Thunderer.

And so all grace to you, whom all aver

(For skill in horses, and their manage given)

To be the bravest horsemen under heaven ! 10

6 Taygetus. — It is hardly necessary to remind the reader
that Chapman's quantity is wrong, as is often the ease.

106 MERCURY.— PA*

TO MERCURY.

jBJTgERMES I honour, the Cyllenian Spy,
H King of Cyllenia, and of A ready
^^0^^M- With flocks abounding ; and the Messenge
Of all th' immortals, that doth still infer
Profits of infinite value to their store :
Whom to Saturnius bashful Maia bore,
Daughter of Atlas, and did therefore fly
Of all th' Immortals the society,
To that dark cave, where, in the dead of night,
Jove join'd with her in love's divine delight, l

When golden sleep shut Juno's jealous eye,
Whose arms had wrists as white as ivory,
From whom, and all, both men and Gods beside,
The fair-hair'd nymph her scape kept undescried.

Joy to the Jove-got then, and Maia's care, {

'Twixt men and Gods the general Messenger,
Giver of good grace, gladness, and the flood
Of all that men or Gods account their good !

14 Scape.— See Iliad, II. 312.

TO PAN.

ifpiff ING, Muse, this chief of Hermes' love-got joys..
\1§ Goat-footed, two-horn'd, amorous of noise,
J|ltes^& That through the fair greens, all adoni'<i:
with, trees,

TO PAN. 107

Together goes with Nymphs, whose nimble knees

Can every dance foot, that affect to scale 5

The most inaccessible tops of all

TJprightest rocks, and ever use to call

On Pan, the bright-hair'd God of pastoral ;

Who yet is lean and loveless, and doth owe

By lot all loftiest mountains crown'd with snow ; 10

All tops of hills, and cliffy highnesses,

All sylvan copses, and the fortresses

Of thorniest queaches, here and there doth rove,

And sometimes, by allurement of his love,

Will wade the wat'ry softnesses. Sometimes il -'

(In quite oppos'd caprtccios) he climbs

The hardest rocks, and highest, every way

Running their ridges. Often will convey

Himself up to a watch-to w'r's top, where sheep

Have their observance. Oft through hills as steep -°

His goats he runs upon, and never rests.

Then turns he head, and flys on savage beasts,

Mad of their slaughters ; so most sharp an eye

Setting upon them, as his beams let fly

Through all their thickest tapistries. And then 25

(When Hesp'rus calls to fold the flocks of men)

From the green clossets of his loftiest reeds

He rushes forth, and joy with song he feeds.

When, under shadow of their motions set,

He plays a verse forth so profoundly sweet, 30

As not the bird that in the now'ry spring,

Amidst the leaves set, makes the thickets ring

9 Owe — own.

13 Queaches— thickets. See Odyssey, Bk. xix. 610.
25 Tapistries — i. e. hiding-places, where they tapish or hide.-
27 Clossets — closes. The word should be noted.

108 TO PAN.

Of her sour sorrows, sweeten'd with her song,
Runs her divisions varied so and strong.
And then the sweet-voic'd Nymphs that crown his
mountains 3o

(Flock' d round about the deep-black- water 'd fountains)
Fall in with their contention of song.
To which the echoes all the hills along
Their repercussions add. Then here and there
. (Plac'd in the midst) the God the guide doth bear U)
Of all their dances, winding in and out,
A iynce's hide, besprinkled round about
With blood, cast on his shoulders. And thus He,
With well-made songs, maintains th' alacrity
Of his free mind, in silken meadows crown'd 45

With hyacinths and saffrons, that abound
In sweet-breath'd odours, that th' unnumber'd grass
(Besides their scents) give as through all they pass.
And these, in all their pleasures, ever raise
The blessed Gods' and long Olympus' praise : m

Like zealous Hermes, who of all I said
Most profits up to all the Gods convey'd.
Who, likewise, came into th' Arcadian state,
(That's rich in fountains, and all celebrate
For nurse of flocks,) where He had vow'd a grove 55
(Surnam'd Cylienius) to his Godhead's love.
Yet even himself (although a God he were)
Clad in a squalid sheepskin, govern'd there
A mortal's sheep. For soft love ent'ring him
Conform'd his state to his conceited trim, (i0

And made him long, in an extreme degree,
T' enjoy the fair-hair'd virgin Dry ope.
Which ere he could, she made him consummate

VULCAN. 109

The flourishing rite of Hymen's honour'd state ;

And brought him such a piece of progeny G5

As show'd, at first sight, monstrous to the eye,

Groat-footed, two-horn'd, full of noise even then,

And (opposite quite to other children)

Told, in sweet laughter, he ought death no tear.

Yet straight his mother start, and fled, in fear, 7(y

The sight of so unsatisfying a thing,

In whose face put forth such a bristled spring.

Yet the most useful Mercury embrac'd,

And took into his arras, his horaely-fac'd,

Beyond all measure joyful with his sight ; 75 ""

And up to heaven with him made instant flight,

Wrapp'd in the warm skin of a mountain hare,

Set him by Jove, and made most merry fare

To all the Deities else with his son's sight ;

Which most of all fill'd Bacchus with delight ; ***

And Pan they call'd him, since be brought to all

Of mirth so rare and full a festival.

And thus all honour to the shepherds' King,
For sacrifice to thee my Muse shall sing !

69 Ought — owed. 70 Start — the past tense.

TO VULCAN.

^ff RAISE Vulcan, now Muse ; whom fame gives
the prize
For depth and fracture of all forge-devise :
Who, with the sky-ey'd Pallas, first did give
Men rules of buildings, that before did live

110

PHCEB US.— NEPTUNE.

In caves and dens, and hills, like savage beasts ; 5

But now, by art-fam'd Vulcan's interests

In all their civil industries, ways clear

Through th' all-things-bnnging-to-their-ends (the year)

They work out to their ages' ends, at ease

Lodg'd in safe roofs from Winter's utmost prease. 10

But, Vulcan, stand propitious to me,
Virtue safe granting, and felicity !

TO PHOEBUS.

PHOEBUS ! Even the swan from forth
her wings,
Jumping her proyning-bank, thee sweetly
sings,

By bright Peneus' whirl-pit-making streams.
Thee, that thy lute mak'st sound so to thy beams,
Thee, first and last, the sweet-voic'd singer still
Sings, for thy song's all-songs-transcending skill.
Thy pleasure, then, shall my song still supply,
And so salutes thee King of Poesy.

2 Proyning bank — where she preens or proins herself.

TO NEPTUNE.

tEPTUNE, the mighty marine God, I sing,
Earth's mover, and the fruitless ocean's King
That Helicon and th'JEgean deeps dost hold.
O thou Earth-shaker ! Thy command two-fold

JOVE.— VESTA,

The Gods have sorted ; making thee of horses
The awful tamer, and of naval forces
The sure preserver. Hail, Saturn's birth !
Whose graceful green hair circles all the earth.
Bear a benign mind ; and thy helpful hand
Lend all submitted to thy dread command.

Ill

TO JOVE.

OYE now I sing, the greatest and the best
Of all these Pow'rs that are with Deity blest,
That far-off doth his dreadful voice diffuse,
And, being King of all, doth all conduce
To all their ends. Who (shut from all Gods else 5

With Themis, that the laws of all things tells)
Their fit composures to their times doth call,
Weds them together, and preserves this all.

Grace then, far-heard Jove, the grace thou'st given,
Most Glorious, and most Great of Earth and Heaven ! 1()

TO YESTA.

, ESTA, that as a servant oversees

King Phoebus' hallow'd house, in all degrees
Of guide about it, on the sacred shore
Of heavenly Pythos, and hast evermore
Eich balms distilling from thy odorous hair, 5

Grace this house with thy housewifely repair !

112 APOLLO.—BACCHUS.

Enter, and bring a mind that most may move,
Conferring even, the great in counsels, Jove ;
And let my verse taste of your either J s love.

TO THE MUSES AND APOLLO.

^HE Muses, Jove, and Phoebus, now I sing ;
For from the far-off -shoo ting Phoebus spring
All poets and musicians, and from Jove
Th' ascents of kings. The man the Muses love,
Felicity blesses ; elocution's choice 5

In syrup lay'ng of sweetest breath his voice.

Hail, Seed of Jove, my song your honours give,
And so in mine shall yours and others' live.

TO BACCHUS.

^VY-crown'd Bacchus iterate in thy praises,
Muse ; whose voice all loftiest echoes rais< s r
And he with all th' illustrious Seed of Jove
Is join'd in honour, being the fruit of love
To liini, and Semele the-great-in -graces ; 5

And from the King his father's kind embraces
By fair-hair'd Nymphs was taken to the dales
Of Nyssa, and with curious festivals
Given his fair grought, far from his father's view,
In caves from whence eternal odours flew, 1{i '

And in high number of the Deities plac'd.
9 Grought — growth.

TO DIANA, 113

Yet when the many-hymn-given God had past
His Curse's cares, in ivies and in bays
All over thicketed, his varied ways
To sylvan coverts evermore He took, 15

With all his Nurses, whose shrill voices shook
Thickets, in which could no foot's entry fall,
And he himself made captain of them all.
And so, grape-abounding Bacchus, be
Ever saluted by my Muse and me ! 20

Give us to spend with spirit our hours out here,
And every hour extend to many a year.

TO DIANA.

[TANA, that the golden spindle moves,
And lofty sounds as well as Bacchus loves;
A bashful virgin, and of fearful hearts
The death-affecfcer with delighted darts,
By sire and mother Phoebus' sister born,
Whose thigh the golden falchion doth adorn,
I sing : who likewise over hills of shade
And promontories that vast winds invade,
Amorous of hunting, bends her all-gold bow,
And sigh-begetting arrows doth bestow l

Tn fates so dreadful that the hill- tops quake,
And bristled woods their leafy foreheads shake,
Horrors invade earth, and [the] fishy seas
Impassion'd furies ; nothing can appease
The dying brays of beasts. And her delight 1;

In so much death affects so with affright

114 TO PALLAS.

Even all inanimate natures ; for, while she

Her sports applies, their general progeny

She all ways turns upon to all their banes.

Yet when her fiery pleasures find their wanes, 2(>

Her yielding bow unbent, to th' ample house,

Seated in Delphos, rich and populous,

Of her dear brother, her retreats advance.

Where th' instauration of delightsome dance

Amongst the Muses and the Graces she 25

Gives form ; in which herself the regency

(Her unbent bow hung up, and casting on

A gracious robe) assumes, and first sets gone

The dances' entry ; to which all send forth

Their heavenly voices, and advance the worth 30

-Of her fair-ankled mother, since to light

:She children brought the far most exquisite

In counsels and performances of all

The Goddesses that grace the heavenly hall.

Hail then, Latona's f air-hair 'd Seed, and Jove's ! 3r>
My song shall ever call to mind your loves.

TO PALLAS.

| ALL AS-Minerva's deity, the renow r n'd,
My Muse in her variety must resound ;
Mighty in councils ; whose illustrous eyes

In all resemblance represent the skies.

A reverend maid of an inflexible mind ;

In spirit and person strong ; of triple kind ;

.Fautress of cities that just laws maintain ;

TO VESTA AND MERCURY. 115

Of Jove, the -great-in-councils, very brain

Took prime existence, his unbounded brows

Could not contain her, such impetuous throes 10

Her birth gave way to, that abroad she flew,

And stood, in gold arm'd, in her Father's view,

Shaking her sharp lance. All Olympus shook

So terribly beneath her, that it took

Up in amazes all the Deities there. 15

All earth resounded with vociferous fear.

The sea was put up all in purple waves,

And settled suddenly her rudest raves.

Hyperion's radiant son his svvift-hov'd steeds

A mighty time staj^'d, till her arming weeds, 20

As glorious as the Gods', the blue-ey'd Maid

Took from her deathless shoulders ; but then stay'd

All these distempers, and heaven's counsellor, Jove,

Eejoic'd that all things else his stay could move.

So I salute thee still ; and stili in praise 25

Thy fame, and others', shall my memory raise.

TO YESTA AND MERCURY.

f ESTA I sing, who, in bequest of fate,
Art sorted out an everlasting state
In all th' Immortals' high-built roofs, and all

Those of earth-dwelling men, as general

And ancient honours given thee for thy gift 5

•Of free-liv'd chastity, and precious thrift.

JNTor can there amongst mortals banquets be,

In which, both first and last, they give not thee

116 TO EARTH.

Their endless gratitudes in pourd-out wine,

As gracious sacrifice to thy divine 10

And useful virtues ; being invok'd by all,

Before the least taste of their festival

In wine or food affect their appetites.

And Thou, that of th' adorn'd-with-all-delights

Art the most useful angel, born a God 15 '

Of Jove and Maia, of heaven's golden rod

The sole sustainer, and hast pow'r to bless

With all good all men, great Argicides,

Inhabit all good houses, see'ng no wants

Of mutual minds' love in th' inhabitants, 20

Join in kind blessing with the bashful maid

And all-lov\l virgin, Vesta ; either's aid

Combin'd in every hospitable house ;

Both being best seen in all the gracious

House- works of mortals. Jointly follow then, 25

Even from their youths, the minds of dames and men.

Hail then, old. Daughter of the oldest God,
And thou Great Bearer of Heaven's golden rod !
Yet not to you alone my vows belong.
Others as well claim th' homage of my song. 3C

15 Angel — messenger, 06775X0?.

TO EARTH, THE MOTHER OE ALL.

'^ OTHER of all things, the well-founded Earth,

My Muse shall memorize ; who all the birth
ks^i Gives food that all her upper regions breed,

All that in her divine diffusions feed

TO EARTH. 117

In under continents, all those that live 5

In all the seas, and all the air doth give

Wing'd expeditions, of thy bounties eat ;

Fair children, and fair fruits, thy labour's sweat,

O great in reverence ; and referr'd to thee,

For life and death is all the pedigree 1()

Of mortal humans. Happy then is he

Whom the innate propensions of thy mind

Stand bent to honour. He shall all things find

In all abundance ; all his pastures yield

Herds in all plenties ; all his roofs are fill'd i5

With rich possessions ; he, in all the sway

Of laws best order'd, cuts out his own way

In cities shining with delicious dames,

And takes his choice of all those striving names ;

High happiness and riches, like his train, * 20

Follow his fortunes, with delights that reign

In all their princes ; glory invests his sons ;

His daughters, with their crown'd selections

Of all the city, frolic through the meads,

And every one her call'd-for dances treads " 25

Along the soft-flow'r of the claver-grass.

All this, with all those, ever conies to pass,

That thy love blesses, Goddess full of grace,

And treasurous Angel t' all the human race.

Hail, then, Great Mother of the Deified Kind, 30

Wife to the cope of stars ! Sustain a mind
Propitious to me for my praise, and give
{Answering my mind) my vows fit means to live.

26 Claver-grass. — Mr. Singer has printed clover. I retain
the old orthography, though Halliwell says it is only a North -
•country provincialism for clover.

118 TO THE SUN.

TO THE SUK

[HE radiant Sun's divine renown diffuse,
Jove's daughter, great Calliope, my Muse
Whom ox-ey'd Euryphaessa gave birth
To the bright Seed of starry Heaven and Earth.
Eor the far-fam'd Hyperion took to wife
His sister Euryphaessa, that life
Of his high race gave to these lovely three :
Aurora, with the rosy- wrists ; and She
That owns th' enamouring tresses, the bright Moon ;
Together with the never-wearied Sun, l

Who (his horse mounting) gives both mortals light
And all th' Immortals. Even to horror, bright
A blaze burns from his golden burgonet,
Which to behold exceeds the sharpest set
Of any eye's intention, beams so clear :i

It all ways pours abroad. The glorious cheer
Of his far-shining face up to his crown
Casts circular radiance, that comes streaming down
About his temples, his bright cheeks, and all,
Retaining the refulgence of their fall. " l

About his bosom flows so fine a weed
As doth the thinness of the wind exceed
In rich context ; beneath whose deep folds fly
His masculine horses round about the sky,
Till in this hemisphere he renders stay 2

T' his gold-yok'd coach and coursers ; and his way,

13 Burgonet — generally spelt burganet, a species of helmet.

TO THE MOON. 119

Let down by heaven, the heavenly coachman makes
Down to the ocean, where his rest he takes.

My salutations then, fair King, receive,
And in propitious returns relieve 3(>

My life with mind-fit means ; and then from thee,
And all the race of complete Deity,
My song shall celebrate those half -god States,
That yet sad death's condition circulates,
And whose brave acts the Gods show men that they :;5
As brave may aim at, since they can but die.

TO THE MOOK

^HE Moon, now, Muses, teach me to resound,
Whose wide wings measure such a world of
ground ;

Jove's daughter, deck'd with the mellifluous tongue,
And seen in all the sacred art of song.
Whose deathless brows when she from heaven displays,
All earth she wraps up in her orient rays. °

A heaven of ornament in earth is rais'd
When her beams rise. The subtle air is sais'd
Of delicate splendour from her crown of gold.
And when her silver bosom is extoll'd, 1(>

Wash'd in the ocean, in day's equall'd noon
Is midnight seated ; but when she puts on
Her far-off-sprinkling-lustre evening weeds,
(The month in two cut ; her high-breasted steeds

8 Sais'd — seised, put in possession.

&i

120 TO CASTOR AND POLLUX.

Man'd all with curl'd flames, put in coach and all,

Her huge orb fill'd,) her whole trims then exhale

Unspeakable splendours from the glorious sky.

And out of that state mortal men imply

Many predictions. And with her then,

In love mix'd, lay the King of Gods and men ;

By whom made fruitful, she Pandea bore,

And added her state to th' Immortal Store.

Hail, Queen, and Goddess, th' ivory-wristed Moon

Divine, prompt, fair-hair'd ! With thy grace begun,

My Muse shall forth, and celebrate the praise

Of men whose states the Deities did raise

To semi-deities ; whose deeds t' endless date

Muse-lov'd and sweet-sung poets celebrate.

TO CASTOR AND POLLUX.

; OVE'S fair Sons, father'dby th' Oebalian king,
Muses well-worth-all men's beholdings, sing !
The dear birth that bright-ankl'd Leda bore;
Horse-taming Castor, and, the conqueror
Of tooth-tongu'd Momus, Pollux ; whom beneath 5

Steep-brow'd Taygetus she gave half-god breath,
In love mix'd with the black-clouds King of Heaven ;
Who, both of men and ships, being tempest driven,
When Winter's wrathful empire is in force
Upon th' implacable seas, preserve the course. 10

For when the gusts begin, if near the shore,
The seamen leave their ship, and, evermore
Bearing two milk-white lambs aboard, they now

TO MEN OF HOSPITALITY. 121

Kill them ashore, and to Jove's issue vow,

When though their ship, in height of all the roar 15

The winds and waves confound, can live no more

In all their hopes, then suddenly appear

.Jove's saving Sons, who both their bodies bear

'Twixt yellow wings down from the sparkling pole,

"Who straight the rage of those rude winds control, 2u

And all the high-waves couch into the breast

Of th' hoary seas. All which sweet signs of rest

To seamen's labours their glad souls conceive,

And end to all their irksome grievance give.

So, once more, to the swift-horse-riding race 25

-Of royal Tyndarus, eternal grace !

TO MEN OF HOSPITALITY.

[EVERENCE a man with use propitious
That hospitable rites wants; and a house
(You of this city with the seat of state
To ox-ey'd Juno vow'd) yet situate
Near Pluto's region. At the extreme base
<Of whose so high-hair'd city, from the race
'Of blue-wav'd Hebrus lovely fluent, grac'd
With Jove's begetting, you divine cups taste.

CEETAIN EPIGEAMS AND OTHEE
POEMS OF HOMEE.

TO CUMA.

i END hospitable rites and house-respect,
You that the virgin with the fair eyes

deckt
Make fau tress of your stately-seated town,
At foot of Sardes, with the high-hair'd crown,
Inhabiting rich Cuma ; where ye taste 5

Of Hermus' heavenly fluent, all embrac'd
By curl'd-head whirlpits ; and whose waters move
From the divine seed of immortal Jove.

IN HIS EETUEN TO CUMA.

WIETLY my feet sustain me to the town,
Where men inhabit whom due honours-
crown,

Whose minds with free-given faculties are mov'd,
And whose grave counsels best of best approv'd.

EPIGRAMS. 123

UPON THE SEPULCHRE OF MIDUS,

CUT IN BRASS, IN THE FIGURE OF A VIRGIN.

MAID of brass I am, infixed here
T' eternize honest Midus' sepulchre ;
And while the stream her fluent seed receives*
And steep trees curl their verdant brows witli leaves,
"While Phoebus rais'd above the earth gives sight, 5

And th' humorous Moon takes lustre from his light,
While floods bear waves, and seas shall wash the shore,
At this his sepulchre, whom all deplore,
I'll constantly abide ; all passers by
Informing, " Here doth honest Midus lie." 10 '

6 Humorous — moist.

CUMA.

REFUSING HIS OFFER TO ETERNIZE THEIR STATE,
THOUGH BROUGHT THITHER BY THE MUSES.

TO what fate hath Father Jove given o'er
My friendless life, born ever to be poor !
While in my infant state he pleas'd to save me,.

Milk on my reverend mother's knees he gave me,

In delicate and curious nursery ; 5

iEolian Smyrna, seated near the sea,

(Of glorious empire, and whose bright sides

Sacred Meletus' silver current glides,)

124 EPIGRAMS.

Being native seat to me. Which, in the force

Of far-past time, the breakers of wild horse,

Phriconia's noble nation, girt with tow'rs ;

"Whose youth in fight put on with fiery pow'rs.

From hence, the Muse-maids, Jove's illustrous Seed,

Impelling me, I made impetuous speed,

And went with them to Cuma, with intent

'T' eternize all the sacred continent

And state of Cuma. They, in proud ascent

From off their bench, ref us'd with usage fierce

The sacred voice which I aver is verse.

Their follies, yet, and madness borne by me,

Shall by some pow'r be thought on futurely,

To wreak of him whoever, whose tongue sought

With false impair my fall. What fate God brought

Upon my birth I'll bear with any pain,

But undeserv'd defame unfelt sustain.

Nor feels my person (dear to me though poor)

Any great lust to linger any more

In Cuma's holy highways ; but my mind

(No thought impair 'd, for cares of any kind

Borne in my body) rather vows to try

The influence of any other sky,

And spirits of people bred in any land

Of ne'er so slender and obscure command.

EPIGRAMS. 125

AN ASSAY OF HIS BEGUN ILIADS.

£LION, and all the brave-horse-breeding soil,,
Dardania, I sing ; that many a toil
Impos'd upon the mighty Grecian pow'rs,.
Who were of Mars the manly servitours.

TO THESTOK'S SON,*

INQUISITIVE OF HOMER ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THINGS,

LHESTOEIDES ! of all the skills unknown
To errant mortals, there remains not one
Of more inscrutable affair to find
Than is the true state of a human mind.

TO NEPTUNE.

EAR, pow'rful Neptune, that shak'st earth-

in ire,

King of the great green, where dance all

the quire

* Homer intimated, in this his answer to Thestorides, a
will to have him learn the knowledge of himself, before he
inquired so curiously the causes of other things. And from
hence had the great peripatetic, Themistius, his most grave
epi phoneme, Anima quce seipsam ignorat, quid sciret ipsa de
alii*? And, therefore, according to Aristotle, advises all
philosophical students to begin with that study.— Chapman.

126 EPIGRAMS.

Of f air-haiYd Helicon ; give prosperous gales,

And good pass, to these guiders of our sails,

Their voyage rend'ring happily directed,

And their return with no ill fate affected.

Grant likewise at rough Mimas' lowest roots.

Whose strength up to her tops preempt rocks shoots,

My passage safe arrival ; and that I

My bashful disposition may apply

To pious men, and wreak myself upon

The man whose verbal circumvention

In me did wrong t' hospitious Jove's whole state,

And th' hospitable table violate.

TO THE CITY ERYTHR^EA.

f^MwF 0RSHIPFUL Earth > Giver of a11 thin s s

ll^^llS Giver of even felicity ; whose flood

The mind all-over steeps in honeydew ;

That to some men dost infinite kindness shew,

To others that despise thee art a shrew, 5

And giv'st them gamester's galls ; who, once their main

Lost with an ill chance, fare like abjects slain.

TO MARINERS.

Jf E wave-trod watermen, as ill as she
\mw That all the earth in infelicity
^§1^81^ Of rapine plunges ; who upon your fare
As sterv'd-like-ra venous as cormorants are ;

EPIGRAMS. 127

The lives ye lead, but in the worst degree, 5

Not to be envied more than misery ;

Take shame, and fear the indignation

Of Him that thunders from the highest throne,

Hospitious Jove, who, at the back, prepares

Pains of abhorr'd effect of him that dares 10

The pieties break of his hospitious squares.

THE PINE.

NY tree else bears better fruit than thee,
That Ida's tops sustain, where every tree
Bears up in air such perspirable heights,
And in which caves and sinuous receipts
Creep in such great abundance. For about
Thy roots, that ever all thy fruits put out,
As nourish'd by them, equal with thy fruits,
Pour Mars's iron-mines their accurs'd pursuits.
So that when any earth-encroaching man,
Of all the martial brood Gebrenian,
Plead need of iron, they are certain still
About thy roots to satiate every will.

128 EPIGRAMS.

TO GLAUCUS,

WHO WAS SO MISERABLY SPARING THAT HE FEARED
ALL MEN'S ACCESS TO HIM.

' LAUCUS ! though wise enough, yet one
word more
Let my advice add to thy wisdom's store,
For 'twill be better so : Before thy door
Give still thy mastiffs meat, that will be sure
To lie there, therefore, still, and not endure 5 '

(With waylaid ears) the softest foot can fall,
But men and beasts make fly thee and thy stall.

AGAINST THE SAMIAN MIJSTISTRESS,

OK NUN.

EAR me, Goddess, that invoke thine ear.,
Thou that dost feed and form the youthful
year,

And grant that this dame may the loves refuse,
And beds, of young men, and affect to use
Humans whose temples hoary hairs distain, &

"Whose pow'rs are passing coy, whose wills would fain.

EPIGRAMS. 129

WRITTEN" ON" THE COUNCIL CHAMBER.

/^^^^^jF men, sons are the crowns of cities' towr's ;

w(otK))| Of pastures, horse are the most beauteous

WSM floors;

Of seas, ships are the grace ; and money still

With trains and titles doth the family fill.

But royal counsellors, in council set, 5

Are ornaments past all, as clearly great

As houses are that shining fires enfold,

Superior far to houses nak'd and cold.

THE FURNACE CALLED IN TO SING
BY POTTERS.

; F ye deal freely, my fiery friends,

As ye assure, I'll sing, and serve your ends.
Pallas, vouchsafe thou here invok'd access,
Impose thy hand upon this Forge, and bless
All cups these artists earn so, that they may 5

Look black still with their depth, and every way
Give all their vessels a most sacred sale.
Make all well-burn'd ; and estimation call
Up to their prices. Let them market well,
And iu all highways in abundance sell, 1( -

130 EPIGRAMS.

Till riches to their utmost wish arise,

And, as thou inak'st them rich, so make me wise.

But if ye now turn all to impudence,
And think to pay with lies my patience,
Then will I summon 'gainst your Furnace all
Hell's harmfull'st spirits ; Maragus I'll call,
Sabaetes, Asbett, and Omadamus,
Who ills against your art innumerous
Excogitates, supplies, and multiplies.
Come, Pallas, then, and all command to rise,
Infesting forge and house with fire, till all
Tumble together, and to ashes fall,
These potters selves dissolv'd in tears as small.
And as a horse-cheek chides his foaming bit,
So let this Forge murmur in fire and flit,
And all this stuff to ashy ruins run.
And thou, Circe, daughter of the Sun,
Great-many-poison-mixer, come, and pour
Thy cruell'st poisons on this Potters' floor,
Shivering their vessels ; and themselves affect
With all the mischiefs possible to direct
'Gainst all their beings, urg'd by all thy fiends.
Let Chiron likewise come ; and all those friends
(The Centaurs) that Alcides' fingers fled,
And all the rest too that his hand strook dead,
(Their ghosts excited) come, and macerate
These earthen men; and yet with further fate
Affect their Furnace ; all their tear-burst eyes
Seeing and mourning for their miseries,
While I look on, and laugh their blasted art
And them to ruin. Lastly, if apart

EPIGRAMS. 131

Any lies lurking, and sees yet, his face

Into a coal let th' angry fire embrace,

That all may learn by them, in all their lust,

To dare deeds great, to see them great and just. 45

EIRESIOtfE, OR, THE OLIVE BRANCH.

^HE turrets of a man of infinite might,
Of infinite action, substance infinite,
We make access to ; whose whole being
rebounds

From earth to heaven, and nought but bliss resounds.

•Give entry then, ye doors ; more riches yet 5

Shall enter with me ; all the Graces met

In joy of their fruition, perfect peace

Confirming all ; all crown'd with such increase,

That every empty vessel in your house

May stand replete with all things precious ; 10

Elaborate Ceres may your larders fill

With all dear delicates, and serve in still ;

May for your son a wife make wish'd approach

Into your tow'rs, and rapt in in her coach

With strong-kneed mules ; may yet her state prove staid,

With honour'd housewiferies ; her fair hand laid 1 - i

To artful loom works ; and her nak'd feet tread

The gum of amber to a golden bead.

But I'll return ; return, and yet not press

Your bounties now assay 'd with oft access, 20

Once a year only, as the swallow prates

Before the wealthy Spring's wide open gates.

132 EPIGRAMS.

Meantime I stand at yours, nor purpose stay
More time t' entreat. Give, or not give, away
My feet shall bear me, that did never come
With any thought to make your house my home.

TO CERTAIN FISHER BOYS

PLEASING HIM WITH INGENIOUS RIDDLES.

jgET from the bloods even of your self-like sires
Are you descended, that could make ye heirs
*3@SM=z2* To no huge hoards of coin, nor leave ye able
To feed flocks of innumerable rabble,

THE END OF ALL THE ENDLESS WORKS OF HOMER.

iHE work that I was horn to do is clone /
Glory to Him that the conclusion
Makes the beginning of my life; and never
Let me be said to live, till I live ever.

Where's the outliving of my fortunes then, l

Ye errant vapours of Fame's Lernean fen,
That, like possessed storms, blast all not in herd
With your abhorr'd heads ; tvho, because cashier 1 d
By men for monsters, think men monsters all,
That are not of your pied Hood and your Hall,
When you are nothing but the scum of things,
And must be cast off ; drones, that have no stings ;
Nor any more soul than a stone hath wings ?

Avaunt, ye hags ! Your hates and scandals are
The crowns and comforts of a good man's care ; ]

By whose impartial perpendicular,
All is extuberance, and excretion all,
That you your ornaments and glories call.
Your wry mouths censure right! Your blister 'd tongues.
That lick but itches ! Aud whose ulcerous lungs '

Gome up at all things permanent and sound !

you, like flies in dregs, in humours drown 'd I
Your loves, like atoms, lost in gloomy air,

1 would not retrieve with a wither 1 d hair.

10

134

Hate, and cast still your stings then, for your kisses 25
Betray out truth, and your applauds are hisses.

To see our supercilious wizards frown,
Their facts falVn like fogs, and coming doivn,
Stinking the sun out, makes me shine the more;
And like a checked flood bear above the shore, m '

That their profane opinions fain would set
To what they see not, know not, nor can let.
Yet then our learn' d men with their torrents come,
Roaring from their forc'd hills, all crown' d with foam,
That one not taught like them, should learn to know 35 '
Their Greek roots, and from thence the groves that grow y
Casting such rich shades from great Homer's wings,
That first and last command the Muses' springs.
Though he's best scholar, that, through pains and wivs
Made his oicn master only, all things knoivs. 40 '

Nor pleads my poor skill form, or learned place,
But dauntless labour, constant prayer, and grace.
And what's all their skill, but vast varied reading ?
As if broad-beaten highways had, the leading
To Truth's abstract, and narrow path, and pit ; 45

Found in no ivalk of any worldly tvit.
And without Truth, all's only sleight of hand,
Or our laiu-learning in a foreign land,
Embroidery spent on cobwebs, braggart show
Of men that all things learn, and nothing know. m

For ostentation humble Truth still flies,
And all confederate fashionists defies.
And as some sharp-brow 'd doctor, English born,
In much learn' d Latin idioms can adorn
A verse with rare attractions, yet become 55 ^

His English Muse like an Arachnean loom,

135

Wrought spite of Pallas, and therein beivrays

More tongue than truth, begs, and adopts his bays ;

So Ostentation, be he never so

Larded with labour to suborn his show, {

Shall sooth within him but a bastard soul,

No more heaven heiring than, Earth's son, the mole.

But as in dead calms emptiest smokes arise,

Unchecked and free, up straight into the skies :

So drowsy Peace, that in her humour steeps

All she affects, let such rise while she sleeps.

Many, and most men, have of wealth least store,

But none the gracious shame that fits the poor.

So most learrid men enough are ignorant,

But few the grace have to confess their want,

Till lives and learnings come concomitant.

Far from men's knowledges their lives -acts flow ;

Vainglorious acts then vain prove all they know.

As night the life-inclining stars best shows,

So lives obscure the starriest souls disclose.

For me, let just men fudge by what I shoio
In acts exposed how much I err or know ;
And let not envy make all worse than nought,
With her mere headstrong and quite brainless thought,
Others, for doing nothing, giving all,
And bounding all worth in her bursten gall.

God and my dear Eedeemer rescue me
From men's immane and mad impiety,
And by my life and soul (sole known to Them)
Make me of palm, or yew, an anadem.
And so my sole God, the Thrice-Sacred Trine,
Bear all th' ascription of all me and mine.

136

Supplico tibi, Domine, Pater, et Dux rationis nostras,
ut nostras nobilitatis recordemur qua Tu nos ornasti; et
ut Tu nobis prsesto sis, ut iis qui per fcese moventur ;
ut et a corporis contagio, brutorumque affectuum, re-
purgemur, eosque superemus, atque regamus, et, sicut
decet, pro instrumentis iis utamur. Deinde, ut nobis ad-
jumento sis, ad accuratam rationis nostra? correetionem,
et conjunctionem cum iis qui vere sunt per lucem veritatis.
Et tertium, Salvatori supplex oro, ut ab oculis animorum
nostrorum, caliginem prorsus abstergas, ut norimus bene
qui Deus, aut mortalis, babendus. Amen.

Sine honor e vivam, nulloque numero ero.

FINIS.

THE GEOKGICS OF HESIOD.

THE

GEORGICKS

OF

HESIOD,

By George Chapman ;
translated elaborately

out of the Greek :

Containing Doctrine of Hufbandrie, Moralitie r

and Piede ; with a perpetuall Calendar of Good

and Bad Dales ; Not fuperftitious, but neceffarie

(as farre as naturall Caufes compell) for all
Men to obferue, and difference in fol-
lowing their affaires.

Nec caret vmbra Deo.

LONDON,

Printed by H. L. for Miles Partrich, and are to be folde

at his Shop neare Saint Dunfta?is Church in

Fleet ftreet. 1618,

TO THE MOST NOBLE COMBINER OF LEARNING
AND HONOUR,

SIR FRANCIS BACON, KNIGHT,

LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND, ETC.

ANCIENT wisdom being so worthily eter-
nised by the now-renewed instance of
it in your Lordship ; and this ancient
Author, one of the most authentic for all
wisdom crowned with justice and piety ; to what sea
owe these poor streams their tribute, but to your Lord-
ship's ocean ? The rather, since others of the like anti-
quity, in my Translation of Homer, teach these their way,
and add comfort to their courses, by having received
right cheerful countenance and approbation from your
Lordship's most grave and honoured predecessor.

All judgments of this season (savouring anything the
truth) preferring, to the wisdom of all other nations,
these most wise, learned, and circularly-spoken Grecians.
According to that of the poet : —

Graiis ingenium, Gratis dtdit ore rotundo
Musa loqui.

And why may not this Roman elogy of the Graians ex-

142

tend in praiseful Intention (by way of prophetic poesy)
to Graies-Inne wits and orators '? Or if the allusion
(or petition of the principle) beg with too broad a licence
In the general, yet serious truth, for the particular, may
most worthily apply it to your Lordship's truly Greek
Inspiration, and absolutely Attic elocution. Whose all-
acknowledged faculty hath banished flattery therein
even from the Court ; much more from my country and
more-than-upland simplicity. Nor were those Greeks
so circular in their elegant utterance, but their inward
judgments and learnings were as round and solid ; their
solidity proved in their eternity ; and their eternity
propagated by love of all virtue and integrity ; — that
love being the only parent and argument of all truth, in
any wisdom or learning, without which all Is sophisti-
cate and adulterate, howsoever painted and splinted
with degrees and languages. Your Lordship's " Ad-
vancement of Learning? then, well showing your love
to it, and in it, being true, to all true goodness, your
learning, strengthening that love, must needs be solid
and eternal. This terup 0d>s,* therefore, expressed in
this Author, is used here as if prophesied by him then,
now to take life in your Lordship, whose life is chief
soul and essence to all knowledge and virtue ; so few
there are that live now combining honour and learning.
This time resembling the terrible time whereof this
poet prophesied ; to which he desired he might not
live, since not a Grace would then smile on any pious
or worthy ; ail greatness much more gracing impostors

* Vir vere (seu clare) seiens ; aut illustris Judex, vel procul
viclens Arbiter, quia eos acutos visu, seu gnaros esse oporteat
rei de qua. agitur. Chapman.

143

ihan men truly desertfui. The worse depraving the
better; and that so frontlessly, that shame and justice
should fly the earth for them. To shame which igno-
rant barbarism now emboldened, let your Lordship's
learned humanity prove nothing the less gracious to
Virtue for the community of Vice's graces ; but shine
much the more clear on her for those clouds that eclipse
her ; no. lustre being so sun-like as that which passeth
above all clouds unseen, over fields, turrets, and temples,
and breaks out, in free beams, on some humblest cottage.
In whose like Jove himself hath been feasted; and
wherein your Lordship may find more honour than in
the fretted roofs of the mighty. To which honour,
oftentimes, nothing more conduceth than noble accept-
ance of most humble presentments. On this nobility
in your Lordship my prostrate humility relying, I rest
ever submitted, in all simple and hearty vows,

Your Honour's most truly,

And freely devoted,

George Chapman.

l~J$

OF HESIODUS.

ESIODUS, surnamed Ascrseus, was one,
as of the most ancient Greek poets, so
j ! one of the purest and pressest writers.
He lived in the latter time of Homer,
and was surnamed A screens, of Ascra, a town in
Helicon ; in which was built a temple sacred to the
Muses ; whose priest Iiesiodus was consecrate ; whom
Virgil, among so many writers of Georgics, only imi-
tated, professing it in this :

Asevmumque cano Romano, per oppida carmen, "Epya
kclI '"Kfiepai. jS^or is there any doubt (saifch Mel.) quin
idem Virgilius initio Georgicorum hanc inscriptionem
expresserii hoc versu : ' Quid faded Tcetas segetes, quo
sidere terrain? &c. His authority was such amongst the
ancients, that his verses were commonly learned as
axioms or oracles, all teaching good life and humanity ;
which though never so profitable for men's now readings,
yet had they rather (saith Isocrates) consume their
times still in their own follies, than be any time con-
versant in these precepts '' of wisdom ; of which (with
Homer) he was first father, whose interpreters were all the-

145

succeeding philosophers — not Aristotle himself ex-
cepted : — -who before Thales, Solon, Pittacus, Socrates,
Plato, &c. writ of life, of manners, of God, of nature, of
the stars, and general state of the universe. Nor are his
writings the less worthy, that Poesy informed them, but
of so much the more dignity and eternity. Not Thales,,
nor Anaxagoras, (as Aristotle ingenuously confesseth,}
having profited the world so much, with all their writ-
ings, as Homer's one Ulysses or Nestor. And sooner
shall all the atoms of Epicurus sustain division ; the
lire of Heraclitus be utterly quenched ; the water that
Thales extols so much be exhausted ; the spirit of
Anaxirnenes vanish; the discord of Empedocles be re-
conciled, and all dissolved to nothing; before by their
most celebrated faculties they do the world so much
profit, for all humeai instruction, as this one work of
Hesiodus ! Here being no dwelling on any one subject
but of all human affairs instructively concluded.

TO MY WORTHY FRIEND MR. GEORGE
CHAPMAN, AND HIS TRANS-
LATED HESIOD.

jj.HAPMAN, we find, by thy past-prized
fraught,
What wealth thou dost upon this land
confer,

Th' old Grecian prophets hither that has brought,
Of their full words the true interpreter ;
And by thy travell strongly hast exprest 5

The large dimensions of the English tongue,
Delivering them so well, the first and best
That to the world in numbers ever sung.
Thou hast unlock'd the treasury wherein
All art and knowledge have so long been hidden ;
Which, till the graceful Muses did begin
Here to inhabit, was to us forbidden.

In blest Elysium, (in a place most fit)
Under that tree due to the Delphian God,
MusiEUS and that Iliad Stnger sit,
And near to them that noble Hesiod,
Smoothing their rugged foreheads ; and do smile,
After so many hundred years, to see
Their Poems read in this far western isle,

10

147

Translated from their ancient Greek by thee ; 20

Each his good Genius whispering in his ear,

That with so lucky and auspicious fate

Did still attend them whilst they living were,

And gave their verses such a lasting date.

Where, slightly passing by the Thespian spring, 25
Many long after did but only sup ;
Nature, then fruitful, forth these men did bring,
To fetch deep roses from Jove's plenteous cup.

In thy free labours, friend, then rest content,
Fear not Detraction, neither fawn on Praise ; 30

When idle Censure all her force hath spent,
Knowledge can crown herself with her own bays.
Their lines that have so many lives outworn,
Clearly expounded, shall base Envy scorn.

Michael Drayton.

TO MY WORTHY AND HONOURED FRIEND

MR. GEORGE CHAPMAN,

ON HIS TRANSLATION OF HESIOD'S WORKS

AND DAYS.

"""'^"^HQSE work could this be, Chapman, to
refine
Old IIesiod's ore, and give it us, but thine,
Who had'st before wrought in rich
Homer's mine?

What treasure hast thou brought us ! and what store
Still, still, dost thou arrive with at our shore, 6

To make thy honour and our wealth Lhe more !

If all the vulgar tongues that speak this day
Were ask'd of thy discoveries, they must say.
To the Greek coast thine only knew the way.

Such passage hast thou found, such returns made, l0
As, now of all men, it is called thy trade :
And who make thither else rob, or invade !

Ben Jonson.

THE GEORGICS OF HESIOD.

BY GEORGE CHAPMAN.

THE FIEST BOOK. a

j USES ! that, out of your Pierian state,
All worth in sacred numbers celebrate,
Use b here your faculties so much renown'd,
To sing your Sire ; c and him in hymns d
resound
By whom all humans, that to death are bound, 5

Are bound together : both the great in fame, e
And men whose poor fates fit them with no name/
Noble, g and base ; h great Jove's will orders all ;
For he with ease extols, with ease lets fall ;

a To approve my difference from the vulgar and verbal ex-
position, and other amplifications fit and necessary for the
true rendering and illustration of my author, I am enforced
to annex some words of the original to my other annotations.

3 b Aevre, hue agite.

4 c Jove.

4 d 'T/jLveiovo-at,, hymnis decantantes.

6 e <frards, de quo magna jama est.

7 fV A</>aros, non dicendus, incelebris.

8 s Tyros, honoratus, nobilis.

8 h "App7]ros, ignobilis, ad nullam functionem sett dignitatem

150 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Eas'ly diminislieth the most in grace, 10

And lifts the most obscure to loftiest place ;

Eas'ly sets straight 1 the quite shrunk up together, k

And makes the most elated 1 beauty wither;

And this is Jove, that breaks his voice so high

In horrid sounds, and dwells above the sky. 15

Hear, then, Jove, that dost both see and hear,
And, for thy justice' sake, be orderer
To these just precepts, 1 * 1 that in prophecy 11
I use, to teach my brother piety.

Not one Contention on the earth there reigns 20

To raise men's fortunes and peculiar gains,
But two. The one the knowing man approves ;
The other hate should force from human loves,
Since it derives our reasonable kind,
In two p parts parting man's united mind ; 25

And is so harmful, for pernicious War
It feeds, and bites at every Civil Jar ;
Which no man** loves, but strong Necessity
Doth this Contention, as his plague, imply
By Heaven's hid counsels. Th J other Strife black Night
Begat before ; which Jove, that in the light 31

12 i 'Idvs, rectus, erectus, non tortuosus. Metaph.

12 k S/coXids, tortuosus, incurvus.

is i *Ayrjvopa icdpcpei, superbum, seu Jlorentem, facit ut deflo-
reseat.

18m Af/c7j 5' Wvve 6 e/uu<TT as, judicia vel vera prcecepta de mori-
bus, seu pietate.

18 n Mvdeo/jLaL, vaticinor.

23 °'~&'7niuLG0jjL7)Tbs, reprehensione, etderisione, dignus.

25 VAvSlxu, duas partes.

28 QOvtis. He says no man loves this warmer se, butter ac~
cidens; because men cannot discern from things truly worthy
of their loves those that falsely pretend worth and retain none £
which he ascribes to some secret counsel of JoA r e, that, for
plague to their impieties, strikes blind their understandings

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 151

Of all the stars dwells, and, though thron'd aloft,

Of each man weighs yet both the work and thought.

Put in the roots of earth ; from whose womb grow

Men's needful means to pay the debt they owe 36

To life and living. And this Strife is far

More fit for men, and much the sprightlier ;

For he in whose hands 1 ' lives no love of art,

Nor virtuous industry, yet plucks up heart,

And falls to work for living. Any one, 40

Never so stupid and so base a drone,

Seeing a rich man haste to sow, and plant,

And guide his house well, feels with shame his want,

And labours like him. And this Strife is good.

When Strife for riches warms and fires the blood, 4o

The neighbour doth the neighbour emulate, s

The potter doth the potter's profit hate,

The smith the smith with spleen inveterate,*

Beggar maligns the beggar for good done,

And the musician the musician. 50

This Strife, Perses, see remember'd still ;
But fly Contention that insults on th' ill 11
Of other men, and from thy work doth draw
To be a well-seen man in works of law.
Nor to those courts afford affected ear ; 55

For he that hath not, for the entire year,

38 r'Air&XafAvos, cujus manibus nulla ars, nulla sediditas, inest.

46 s ZrjXot. He shows artizans' emulations for riches, and
approves that kind of contention. Notwithstanding Plato
in Lysias, Aristotle in the 5. of his Pol. and 2. of his Rhetor.
and Galen, refer this strife to the first harmful discord, yet
Plutarch takes our author's part, and ascribes it to the
virtuous contention.

48 t Korew, cestuo ird quqm diu 2)ressi in pectore.

52 u "E/)is KCLKoxapTos, alienis insidtans calamitatibus contentio ;
which he calls their going to law.

152 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Enough laid up beforehand, little need

Hath to take care those factious courts to feed

"With what earth bears, and Ceres doth bestow.

With which when thou are satiate, nor dost know 60

What to do with it, then to these wars go

For others' goods ; but see no more spent so

Of thine hereafter. Let ourselves decide,

With dooms direct, all differences implied

In our affairs ; and, what is ratified C5

By Jove's will to be ours, account our own ;

For that thrives ever best. Our discord, grown

For what did from our father's bounty fall,

We ended lately, and shared freely all ; m

W 7 hen thou much more than thine hadst ravish'd home,

With which thou mad'st proud, x and didst overcome,

With partial affection to thy cause,

Those gift-devouring kings that sway our laws,

Who would have still retain'd us in their powers,

And given by their dooms what was freely ours. 75

fools, that all things into judgment call,
Yet know not how much 7 half is more than all !
;N~or how the mean life is the firmest still,
ISTor of the mallow and the daffodill

71 x ~M.eya, tcvdalvuv, valcle gloriosos reddens. BacriXrjas
dupocpayovs, reges donivoros.

77 y UXcov fjfjuo-v iravrbs, dimidium plus toto. He commends
the mean, and reproves those kings or judges that are too in-
dulgent to their covetous and glorious appetites, from the
frugal and competent life declining ad TrXeove&av, i. e. ad
plus habendi aviditatem inexhaustam. Showing how ignorant
they are ; that the virtue of justice and mediocrity is to be
preferred to injustice and insatiate avarice. By ijfuav he
understands medium inter lucrum et damnum t which mean is
more profitable and notable than iravrbs, i. e. toto quo et sua
pars retinetur, et alterius ad se pertrahitur.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 153

"How great a good the little meals contain. 80

But God hath hid from men the healthful mean ;

For otherwise a man might heap, and play,

Enough to serve the whole year in a day,

And straight his draught-tree hang up in the smoke,

Nor more his labouring mules nor oxen yoke. 85

But Jove man's knowledge of his best bereav'd,
-Conceiving anger, since he was deceiv'd
By that same wisdom-wresting 2 Japhet's son ;
For which all ill all earth did overrun.
For Jove close keeping in a hollow cave 00

His holy fire, to serve the use of man,
Prometheus stole it, by his human sleight,
From him that hath of all heaven's wit the height ;
For which He angry, thus to him began
The Cloud-assembler : " Thou most crafty man, ° 5

That joy'st to steal my fire, deceiving me,
Shalt feel that joy the greater grief to thee,
And therein plague thy universal race;
To whom I'll give a pleasing ill, in place
Of that good fire, and all shall be so vain lu0

'To place their pleasure in embracing pain."

Thus spake and laugh'd of Gods and Men the Sire,

And straight enjoin'd the famous God of Fire

S8 z ' Ay KvXofJLrjTTjs, he calls Prometheus, i. e. qui obliqua
agitat concilia; who wrests that wisdom, which God hath
given him to use to his glory, to his own ends ; which is
cause to all the miseries men suffer, and of all their impious
„actions that deserve them. Jove's Fire signifies Truth, which
Prometheus stealing, figures learned men's over-subtle abuse
of divine knowledge, wresting it in false expositions to their
.own objects, thereby to inspire and puff up their own profane
earth, intending their corporeal parts, and the irreligious
.delights of them. But, for the mythology of this, read
my Lord Chancellor's book, De Sapientia Veterum, cap. 26,
.being infinitely better.

154 FIRST BOOK OF THE

To mingle, instantly, with water earth ;

The voice and vigour of a human birth a 10& '

Imposing in it, and so fair a face

As match'd th' Immortal Goddesses in grace,

Her form presenting a most lovely maid.

Then on Minerva his command he laid

To make her work, and wield the witty loom. IW

And, for her beauty, such as might become

The golden Yenus, he commanded her

Upon her brows and countenance to confer

Her own bewitchings ; stuffing all her breast

With wild b desires incapable of rest, 115 "

And cares that feed to all satiety

All human lineaments. The crafty Spy

And Messenger of G-odheads, Mercury,

He charg'd t' inform her with a dogged mind,

And thievish manners. All as he design'd 120 '

Was put in act. A creature straight had frame

Like to a virgin, mild and full of shame ;

Which Jove's suggestion made the Both-foot-lame

Form so deceitfully, and all of earth

To forge the living matter of her birth. 125 '

Grey-eyed Minerva put her girdle on,

And show'd how loose parts, well composed, shone.

The deified Graces, and the Dame d that sets

Sweet words in chief form, golden carquenets

Embrac'd her neck withal. The fair-hair'd Hours 180 "

1&5 a Jove's creation of a woman,

115 b Kal irodov. An unwearied and wanton desire to*
exceed others, or an insatiate longing to be loved of all.
TvioKbpos, membra ad satietatem usque depascens. MeXe&^as,
cares, or meditations of voluptuous satisfactions.

ii9 c JHfoeov re vbov, caninam mentem, vel impudentem, Kal
iiriKkoirov $)6os, furaces mores.

123 d na0c6, or Suada, Goddess of persuasion, or eloquence.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 155

Her gracious temples erown'd with fresh spring-flowers. -

But of all these, employ'd in several place,

Pallas gave order e the impulsive grace.

Her bosom Hermes, the great God of spies,

With subtle fashions fill'd, fair words, and lies; 135

Jove prompting still. But all the voice f she us'd

The vocal herald of the Gods infus'd,

And call'd her name Pandora, since on her

The Gods did all their several gifts confer ;

Who made her such, in every moving strain, H0

To he the bane of curious-minded men.

Her harmful and inevitable frame
At all parts perfect, Jove dismiss'd the Dame
To Epimetheus, in his herald's guide,
With all the God's plagues in a box beside. 145

ISFor Epimetheus kept one word in store
Of what Prometheus had advised before,
Which was : That Jove should fasten on his hand
No gift at all, but he his while withstand,
And back return it, lest with instant ill 150

To mortal men he all the world did fill.
But he first took the gift, and after griev'd. 8 "

133 e 'EcprjpfjLoo-e, impetu inspirabat, gave special force to all her
attractions ; which he says Pallas did, to show that to all beauty
wisdom and discreet behaviour give the chief excitement.

136 f Qupty, j£ er voice the vocal or high-spoken herald of
the gods imposed ; all fair women affecting to be furthest
heard, as well as most seen.

152 s 'Evdyjcre. When he had received and tried the ill, he
knew it was ill, and grieved ; but then was so infected with
affection to it, that he could not reform nor refine it. For
man's corporeal part, which is figured in Epimetheus, signify-
ing the inconsiderate and headlong force of affection, not
obeying his reasonable part or soul, nor using foresight fit for
the prevention of ill, which is figured in Prometheus, he is-
deceived with a false shadow of pleasure ; for the substantial

156 FIRST BOOK OF THE

For first the families of mortals liv'd

Without and free from ill ; harsh labour then,

Nor sickness, hasting timeless age on men, 155

Their hard and wretched tasks impos'd on them

For many years ; but now a violent stream

Of all afflictions in an instant came,

And quencli'd life's light that shin'd before in flame.

For when the woman. h the unwieldy lid 1G0

Had once discover'd, all the miseries hid

In that curs'd cabinet dispers'd and flew

About the world ; joys pined, and sorrows grew.

Hope only rested in the box's brim,

And took not wing from thence. Jove prompted him

That ow'd the cabinet to clap it close 10G

Before she parted ; but unnumber'd woes

Besides encount'red men in all their ways ;

Full were all shores of them, and full all seas.

. and true delight, fit to be embraced, which, found by Event
(thp schoolmaster of fools), he repents too late. And, there-
fore, Horace truly, nocet empta dolore voluptas.

160 li'AXXa, yvvi], of this came the proverb, yvvaiicQv oyeOpos,
the plague of women; and by the woman is understood Appe-
tite, or Effeminate Affection, and customary or fashionable
indulgence to the blood, not only in womanish affections, but
in the general fashions of men's judgments and actions, both
£)7}[iayooyiK7}, id est, populariter, or gratia et authoritate qua quis
valet apud popuhmi; and \pvxayuyLK7], id e*t, vi ducendi etfectendi
animum, intending illusively, by this same docta ignorantia, of
which many learned leaders of the mind are guilty ; and avp-
np€T(hby}s, id est, the common source or sink of the vulgar, pre-
vailing past the nobility and piety of humanity and religion,
by which all sincere discipline is dissolved or corrupted, and
so that discipline taken away (tanquam opercula Pandoras), both
the human body's and mind's dissolution, instantly (as out of
the cave of Jfiolus) let the winds or forces of corruption violently
break, qua data porta, ruunt, et terras turbine perjiant. All
which notwithstanding, no course or custom is so desperate in
infection, but some hope is left to escape their punishment in

. every man, according to Ovid, viverespevidi, qui moriturus erat

GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 157

Diseases, day and night, with natural wings 170

And silent entries stole on men their stings ;

The great in counsels, Jove, their voices reft,

That not the truest might avoid their theft,

ISTor any 'scape the ill, in any kind,

Kesolv'd at first in his almighty mind. 176

And, wert thou willing, I would add to this
A second cause of men's calamities,
Sing all before, and since, nor will be long,
But short, and knowing ; and t' observe my song,
Be thy conceit and mind's retention strong. 18()

When first both Gods and Men had one time's birth,
The Gods of diverse-languag'd men on Earth
A Golden 1 world produc'd, that did sustain
Old Saturn's rule when he in heaven did reign \
And then liv'd men, like Gods, k in pleasure here, 1S5
Indued with minds secure ; from toils, griefs, clear ;
Nor noisome age made any crooked ; there
Their feet went ever naked as their hands ;
Their cates were blessed, serving their commands,
With ceaseless plenties ; all days sacred made 390 '

To feasts, that surfeits never could invade.
Thus liv'd they long, and died as seis'd with sleep ;
All good things serv'd them ; fruits did ever keep
Their free fields crown'd, that all abundance bore ;

183 * Xpvo-eov. Not only this description of Ages (as the
critics observe) is imitated by all the Latin poets, but all the
rest of this author ; and chiefly by Virgil himself. His sen-
tence and invention made so common, that their community
will darken the rarity of them in their original. And this was
called the Golden Age (according to Plato) for the virtuous
excellency of men's natural dispositions and manners.

185 k "^<7T6 6eol, sed tit dii vivebant homines. The poet, says-
Melancthon, could not but have some light of our parents'
lives in Paradise.

158 FIRST BOOK OF THE

All which all equal shared, and none wish'd more. 195

And, when the Earth had hid them, Jove's will was,

The good should into heavenly natures pass ;

Yet still held state on earth, and guardians 1 were

Of all hest mortals still surviving there,

-Observ'd works just and unjust, clad in air, 200

And, gliding undiscover'd everywhere,

Oave riches where they pleased ; and so were reft

Nothing of all the royal rule they left.

The Second Age, that next succeeded this,
Was far the worse ; which heaven-hous'd Deities 205
Of Silver-f ashion'd ; not like that of Gold
In disposition, nor so wisely soul'd.
For children then liv'd in their mothers' cares
?(A11 that time growing still) a hundred years ;
And were such great fools at that age, that they 21()

Could not themselves dispose a family.
And when they youths grew, having reached the date
That rear'd their forces up to man's estate,
They liv'd small space, and spent it all in pain,

198 1 $t\aK€s avdp&irav, custodies hominum ; from hence the
.opinion springeth that every man hath his good angel ; which
sort of spirits, however discredited now to attend and direct
men, Plutarch, in his Commentaries Be Oraculorum Defectu,
defends to retain assured being, in this sort; as if a man
should take away the interjected air betwixt the earth and
the moon, that man must likewise dissolve all the coherence
,and actual unity of the universe, leaving vacuum in medio, and
necessary bond of it all ; so they that admit no Genii leave be-
twixt God and men no reasonable mean for commerce, the
interpretative and administering faculty, as Plato calls it, be-
. twixt them utterly destroying, and withdrawing consequently
..all their reciprocal and necessary uses ; as the witches of
Thessaly are said to pluck the moon out of her sphere. But
these men being good, turned only good Genii; the next Age,
men, being bad, turned in their next being bad Genii, of which
. after was held a man's good and bad Genius.

GE0RG1GS OF HESIOD. 159

Caused by their follies ; not of power t' abstain 215

From doing one another injury.

JSTor would they worship any Deity,

Nor on the holy altars of the Blest

Any appropriate sacrifice addrest,

As fits the fashion of all human birth. 229

For which Jove, angry, hid them straight in earth,

Since to the blessed Deities of heaven

They gave not those respects they should have given.

But when the Earth had hid these like the rest,

They then were call'd the subterrestial blest, m 225

And in bliss second, having honours then

Fit for the infernal spirits of powerful men,

Then for in 'd our Father Jove a Third Descent,
Whose Age was Brazen ; clearly different
From that of Silver. All the mortals there 2 *°

Of wild ash f ashion'd, stubborn and austere ;
Whose minds the harmful facts of Mars affected,
And petulant injury. All meats rejected
Of natural fruits and herbs. And these were they
That first began that table cruelty 235

Of slaught'ring beasts ; and therefore grew they fierce,
And not to be endur'd in their commerce.
Their ruthless minds in adamant were cut,

225 mt TiroxSovLot {.id/capes, subterranei beati mortales vocantur.
Out of their long lives and little knowledges, in neglect of re-
ligion, subject to painful and bitter death; where the former
good men sweetly slept him out. But for the powers of their
bodies, being fashioned of the world's yet fresh and vigorous
matter, their spirits that informed their bodies are supposed
secondly powerful ; and that is intended in their recourse to
earthly men, such as themselves were, furthering their affec-
tions and ambitions to ill, for which they had honour of those
men, and of them were accounted blest, as the former good
Genii were so, indeed, for exciting men to goodness.

160 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Their strengths were dismal, and their shoulders put

Inaccessible hands out over all ; 2t0 '

Their brawny limbs arm'd with a brazen wall.

Their bouses all were brazen, all of brass

Their working instruments, for black iron was

As yet unknown. And these (their own lives ending.

The vast and cold -sad house of hell descending) 2iS

IS r o grace had in their ends; 11 but though they were

Never so powerful, and enforcing fear,

Black death reduc'd their greatness in their spight

T a little room, and stoop'd their cheerful light.

When these left life, a Fourth Kind Jove gave birth
Upon the many-a-ereature-nourishing earth; 251

More just, and better than this race before —
Divine heroes, that the surnames bore
Of semigods; p yet these impetuous tight
And bloody war bereft of life and light. ' 2o5

Some, in Cadm^ean earth, contentious

240 n TS&wnvoi. These he intends were such rude and
powerful men, as not only refused, like the second sort, to
do honour to the Deities, but directly rebelled against them,
and affected here in earth celestial enipery ; for which the
Celestials let them see that they need none but themselves to
take down their affectations ; and for their so huge conceit or
themselves had never any least honour of others, which many
great men of this Iron Age need not be ignorant, therefore, is
the event of such great ones ; and, howsoever they laugh in
their sleeves at any other being than this, they may take notice
by their wisers, that, even according to reason, both, there are
other beings, and differences of those beings, both in honours
and miseries.

' 249 ° EiXeu, in arctum coyo, sea in anyu-tum recliyo.

2M v'ilfiL$€OL, semichi. Intending Hercules, Jason, and
others of those Argonauts whose ship was wfis 'Apyu iracn}x&
Xovaa, navis ornnibus cvrcc, because it held the care of all
men in those that were in her ; intending of all the virtuous
men that were then of name, who were called semigods for
their godlike virtues.

GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 161

To prise the infinite wealth of QEdipus,

Before seven-ported p Thebes ; some shipp'd upon

The ruthless waves, and led to llion,

For fair-hair'd Helen's love ; where, likewise, they 2G0

In bounds of death confin'd the beams of day.

To these yet Jove gave second life, and seat
At ends of all the earth ; in a retreat
From human feet, where souls secure they bear,
Amids the Blessed Islands, <i situate near 2(35

The gulfy-whirl-pit-eating ocean flood,
Happy heroes living ; for whose food
The plenty-bearing Tellus, thrice a year,
Delicious fruits and fragrant herbs doth bear.

that I might not live now, to partake 2J%

The Age that must the Fifth succession make,
But either die before, or else were born
When all that Age is into ashes worn !
For that which next springs, in supply of this,
Will all of Iron r produce his families ; 2r5 '

Whose bloods shall be so banef ully corrupt
They shalt not let them sleep, but interrupt
With toils and miseries all their rests and fares,
The Gods such grave and soul-dissecting cares
Shall steep their bosoms in. And yet some good 280

258 p 'E7r~a7rtj\(p. He calls this seven-ported Thebes, to dis-
tinguish it from that of Egypt, that had 100 ports, besides
that Hyppoplace in Cilicia.

260 q >j£y j^aKdpuj, vrjcroL(TL, in berttorum insulis ; of which For-
tunate Islands, vide Horn. Odyss. 8.

275 r Tevos earl (ndrjpeov, cujus genus est ferreum. This Fifth
Age he only prophesied of, almost three thousand years since;
which falling out in this age especially true shows how divine
a truth inspired him ; and whether it be lawful or not, with
Plato and all the formerly learned, to give these worthiest
poets the commendation of divine.

162 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Will God mix with their bad ; for when the blood

Faints in their nourishment, and leases their hair

A little gray, Jove's hand will stop the air

'Twixt them and life, and take them straight away.

'Twixt men and women shall be such foul play 2S5

In their begetting pleasures, and their race

Spring from such false seed, that the son's stol'n face

Shall nought be like the sire's, the sire no more

Seen in his issue. No friend, as before,

Shall like his friend be; nor no brother rest 29(y

Kind like his brother ; no guest like a guest

Of former times ; no child use like a child

His aged parents, but with manners wild

Revile and shame them ; their impiety

Shall never fear that God's all-seeing eye 205

Is fixt upon them, but shall quite despise

Repayment of their education's price,

s Bear their law in their hands, and when they get

Their father's free-given goods, account them debt.

City shall city ransack ; not a grace 30 °

To any pious man shall show her face,

Nor to a just or good man. AD, much more,

Shall grace a beastly and injurious bore.

No, right shall seize on any hand of theirs,

Nor any shame make blush their black affairs. s " 5

The worse shall worse the better with bad words,

And swear him out of all his right affords.

Ill-lung'd,* ill-liver'd, ill-complexion'd Spight

298 s XeipodtKaL, quibus jus est in wanibus ; all this Ovid
translates : Nee hoapes ab hos/nte tutus, noil soctr a genero ;
fratrum quoque gratia vara est.

' 303 [Bore — boor.]

308 1 AvcTKeXados, male sen graviter nonans ; Ko.Koxapros, malis

GE OB GIGS OF HESIOD. 163

Shall consort all the miserable plight

Of men then living. Justice then, and Shame, 310

Clad in pure white (as if they never came

In touch of those societies) shall fly

Up to the Gods' immortal family,

From broad -way 'cl earth ; and leave grave griefs to men,

That (desp'rate of amends) must bear all then. 315

But now to kings a fable I'll obtrude,
Though clear they savor all it can include :
The hawk u once having trust up in his seres
The sweet-tun'd nightingale, and to the spheres
His prey transferring, with his talons she 3 " 20

Pinch'd too extremely, and incessantly
Crying for anguish, this imperious speech
He gave the poor bird : " Why complain'st thou wretch ]
One holds thee now that is thy mightier far ;
Go as he guides, though ne'er so singular s2 °

Thou art a singer ; it lies now in me
To make thee sup me, or to set thee free.
Fool that thou art, whoever will contend
With one whose faculties his own transcend
Both fails of conquest, and is likewise sure 33 °

Besides his wrong he shall bad words endure."

Thus spake the swift and broad-wing'd bird of prey.
But hear x thou justice, and hate injury.

vel quo mali gaudent et ddectantur, vel alienis
insultans calamitatibus ; o-rvyepcbirrjs, inviso aspectu, et torvis
ocidis cer nens ; all epithets of £7770*.

318 n"j p7 j^ accipiter. The manners of the mighty to-
wards the mean are figured in this fiction by the nightingale
understanding learned and virtuous men. The following
verse, dcppwu, imprudens, &c. follows the most Sacred Letter,
lion esse rductandum potentioribus.

3:33 x*Q lUpo-7}. He speaks to his brother and returns to
his first proposition ; of the fit contention to which he per-

164 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Wrong touches near a miserable man ;

For (though most patient) yet he hardly can 335

Forbear just words, and feel injurious deeds.

Unjust loads vex ; he hardly bears that bleeds.

And yet hath Wrong to Right a better way,

For in the end will Justice win the day.

Till which who bears sees then amends arise ; 34a

The fool y first suffers, and is after wise.

But crooked z Justice jointly hooks with it

Injurious Perjury ; and that unfit

Outrage brib'd judges use, that makes them draw

The way their gifts go, ever cuts out law 315

By crooked measures. Equal Justice then,

All clad in air, th' ill minds of bribed men

Comes after mourning, mourns the city's ill,

Which, where she is expelled, she brings in still.

But those that with impartial dooms extend zm

As well to strangers as their household friend

The law's pure truth, and will in no point stray

From forth the straight tract of the equal way,

With such the city all things noble nourish,

suaded him before ; and though shame and injustice are fled
in others, yet he wisheth him to love and embrace them. The
elegant description immediately before being truly philo-
sophical, and is handled at large by Plato in Protagoras.

341 y TLadkv vtjttlos, passus vero stultus sapit, which was since
usurped proverbially ; signifying that wisdom to be folly that
we learn but of our own first suffered afflictions, which yet
I think far exceeds any wisdom that was never taught nor
confirmed by first feeling infortunes and calamities.

342 z HkoXltjctl dLKya-Lv, properly signifies -curvis vel tortuosis
judiciis, which, he says, ravish together with them perjury.
Alluding to crooked things, or things wrapt together like
brambles, that catch and keep with them whatsoever touches
them. Our proverb, to overtake with a crooked measure,
not ridiculously applied to this grave metaphor ; aKokicrl dUcu,
not signifying in this place what -our critics teach, vid. liied
iniquas, but judicia, iniqua sen tortuosa.

GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 165

With such the people in their profits flourish ; 355

Sweet Peace along the land goes, nor to them

All-seeing Jove will destinate th' extreme

Of baneful war. Xo hunger ever comes,

No ill, where judges use impartial dooms.

But goods well got maintain still neighbour feasts ; 3(i0

The fields flow there with lawful interests ;

On hills the high oak acorns bears ; in dales

Th' industrious bee her honey sweet exhales,

And fuli-f ell'd sheep are shorn with festivals ;

There women bring forth children like their sire, 3t35

And all, in all kinds, find their own entire ;

Nor ever plow they up the barren seas,

Their own fat fields yield store enough to please.

But whom rude Injury delights, and acts

That misery and tyranny contracts, 370

Sharp-sighted Jove for such predestines pain ;

And often times a the whole land doth sustain,

For one man's wickedness, that thriving in

Inequal dooms, still makes him sentence him.

For where such men bear privileg'd office still, S75

372 a ILoW&ki. Oftentimes for one ill man a whole city suf-
fers ; which sentence, in near the same words, is used in Eccle-
siastes, Scepe miiversa civitas mali viri pcenam luit. And as
before he recounts the blessings that accompany good kings or
judges, so here he remembers the plagues that pursue the bad,
enforcing in both, as I may say, the ebbing or flowing of every
commonwealth by them. For law being soul to every such
politic body, and judges, as if essence to that soul, in giving
it form and being, according to their sentence and expositions
of it, the body politic of force must fare well or ill, as it is
governed well or ill ; no otherwise than as the body of a man
suffers good or ill by his soul's good or bad information and
discipline. These threats used here, saith Melancthon, as in
divers others places of this divine poet, he questionless gathered
out of the doctrine of Moses and the Prophets, with whom the
like eomminations are everywhere frequent.

168 FIRST BOOK OF THE

There Jove pours down whole deluges of ill ;

Famine and Pestilence together go ;

The people perish ; women barren grow ;

Whole houses vanish there sometimes in peace ;

And sometimes armies, rais'd to shield th' increase 3b0

The Gods late gave them, even those Gods destroy,

Their rampires ruin, and let Rapine joy

The goods Injustice gather'd ; or, elsewhere,

Jove sinks their ships, and leaves their ventures there. •

Weigh, then, b yourselves this justice, ye kings ; 38S

For howsoever oft unequal things

Obtain their pass, they pass not so the eyes

Of all the all-discerning Deities ;

For close and conversant their virtues be

With men ; and, how they grate each other, see, 390 '

With wrested judgments ; yielding no cares due

To those sure wreaks with which the Gods pursue

Unequal judges. Though on earth there are

Innumerable Gods that minister

Beneath great Jove, that keep men, clad in air, 31,:j

Corrupt dooms noting, and each false affair,

And, gliding through the earth, are everywhere.

Justice is seed to Jove, in all fame dear,

And reverend to the Gods inhabiting Heaven,

And still a Yirgin ; whom when men ill given 40 °

Hurt, and abhorring from the right shall wrong,

She, for redress, to Jove her sire complains

385 b Ecu avrol. He would have judges enter into considera-
tion themselves of the dangers in injustice, which presently
after he reduces into three arguments. The first, ol avTcp,
sibi ipsi, which sentence to admiration agrees to that of the
Scripture, Incidit in foveam quam fecit ; the second for fear
of further punishment from God ; the third he makes out of
the natural indignity and absurdity of the thing.

GEORGIGS OF IIESIOD. 167

Of the unjust mind every man sustains,

And prays the people may repay the pains

Their kings have forfeited in their offences, 45

Depraving justice, and the genuine senses

Of laws corrupted in their sentences.

Observing this, ye gift-devouring kings,

Correct your sentences ; and to their springs

Remember ever to reduce those streams 41 °

Whose crooked courses every man condemns.

Whoever forgeth for another ill,

With it himself is overtaken still.

In ill men run on that they most abhor ;

111 counsel worst is to the councellor. 415

For Jove's eye all things seeing, and knowing all,

Even these things, if he will, of force must fall

Within his sight and knowledge ; nor to him

Can these brib'd dooms in cities shine so dim

But he discerns them, and will pay them pain; 4J0

Else would not I live justly amongst men,

JS r or to my justice frame my childeren,

If to be just is ever to be ill,

And that the unjust finds most justice still,

And Jove gave each man in the end his will. 425

But he that loves the lightning (I conceive)

To these things thus will no conclusion give.

However, Perses, c put these in thy heart,

4-2* c*q He pen]. He persuades his brother to the love of
justice by argument taken from the true nature of man, that,
by virtue of his divine soul, naturally loves it ; because God
infused into that divine beam of his being immortal a love
to that that preserved immortality without that immortal
destruction affected in injustice. Fishes, beasts, and fowls,
endued naturally with no such love to justice, but allowed by
God to do like themselves and devour one another ; which
that men should do as well as they, is most inhuman and full

168 FIRST BOOK OF THE

And to the equity of things convert

Thy mind's whole forces, all thought striking dead 43a

To that foul Rapine that hath now such head.

.For in our manhoods Jove hath justice clos'd,

And as a law r upon our souls impos'd.

Fish, fowl, and savage beasts, (whose law is pow'r)

Jove lets each other mutually devour, 435

Because they lack the equity he gives

To govern men, as far best for their lives ;

And therefore men should follow it with strives.

For he that knows the justice of a cause,

And will in public ministry of laws 440

Give sentence to his knowledge, be he sure

God will enrich him. But who dares abjure

His conscious knowledge, and belie the law,

Past cure will that wound in his conscience draw,

And for his radiance now his race shall be 445

The deeper plung'd in all obscurity.

The just man's state shall in his seed exceed,

And, after him, breed honours as they breed.

But why men's ills prevail so much with them,

I, that the good know, will uncloud the beam 450

In whose light lies the reason. "With much ease

To Yice, and her love, men may make access,

Such crews in rout herd to her, and her court

So passing near lies, their way sweet and short ;

But before Virtue d do the Gods rain sweat, 455

of confusion, as well in their deformed mixture as in the ruin
that inseparably follows it. But his confidence here, that
whosoever will do justice freely, and without respect of riches,
God will enrich him, and that the worse-inclined will feel it
in the hell of his conscience, the other's seed prospering
beyond himself, is truly religious and right Christian.

455 d^ s §' dper??s, ante virtutem. His argument to persuade

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 169

Through which, with toil and half-dissolved feet,

You must wade to her ; her path long and steep,

And at your entry 'tis so sharp and deep,

But scaling once her height, the joy is more

Than all the pain she put you to before. 40 °

The pain at first, then, both to love and know

Justice and Virtue, and those few that go

Their rugged way, is cause 'tis folio w'd lest.

* Of all men, therefore, he is always best

That, not depending on the mightiest, 4(55

Nor on the most, hath of himself descried

All things becoming ; and goes fortified

In his own knowledge so far as t' intend

to Virtue here is taken both from her own natural fate and
the divine disposition of God ; for as she hath a body, being
supposed the virtue of man, and through the worthily exer-
cised and instructed organs of that body her soul receives her
excitation to all her expressible knowledge (for dati sunt
.sensus ad excitandum intellectum), so to the love and habit of
knowledge and Virtue there is first necessarily required a
laborious and painful conflict, fought through the knowledge
.and hate of the miseries and beastliness of Vice ; and this
painful passage to Virtue Virgil imitated in his translation
of the Pythagorean letter Y. iopus, or sudor, is to be under-
stood of sweat, ex labore et fatigatione orto.

464 e OSros fxev iravdpicrros. He tells here who is at all parts
the best and happiest man, which Virgil even to a word almost
recites, and therefore more than imitates, in this, Felix qui
potuit rerum cognoscere causas, <&c. wherein our divine and all-
teaching poet since describes three sorts of men ; one that loves
virtue out of knowledge acquired and elaborate, which the
philosopher calls scientiam acquisitam ; the second, that loves
her out of admonitions, which he calls infusam scientiam ; the
third is he that hath neither of those two knowledges, nor is
capable of either, having both these ignorances in him, viz.
ignorantiam pravce dispositions and puree negationis. Livy, as
well as Virgil, recites this place almost ad verbum in Fabio et
Minutio, in these words, Scepe ego audivi, milites, eum primum
.esse virum qui ipse consulat quid in rem sit ; secundum eum
.qui bene monenti obediat ; qui nee ipse considere nee alteri
parere scit eum extremi ingenii esse.

170 FIRST BOOK OF THE

What now is best, and will be best at th' end.

Yet he is good, too, and enough doth know, 4 ' y '

That only follows, being admonish'd how.

But he that neither of himself can tell

What fits a man, nor being admonish'd well

Will give his mind to learn, but flat refuse,

That man cast out from every human use. 475

Do thou, then, ever in thy memory place
My precepts, Perses, sprung of sacred race,
And work out what thou know'st not, that with hate
Famine may prosecute thy full estate,
And rich-wreath'd Ceres (reverenc'd of all) 48u

Love thee as much, and make her festival
Amids thy granaries. Famine evermore
Is natural consort of the idle boor.
Whoever idly lives, both Gods and men
Pursue with hateful and still-punishing spleen. 4S5 "

The slothful man is like the stingless drone,
That all his power and disposition
Employs to rob the labours of the bee,
And with his sloth devours her industry
Do thou repose thy special pleasure, then, 4 ' )U

In still being conversant with temper. ite pain,
That to thee still the Seasons may send home
Their utmost store. With labour men become
Herdful and rich ; with labour thou shalt prove
Great both in human and the Deities' love. 4i ' 5

One with another, all combin'd in one,
Hate with infernal horror th' idle drone.
Labour, and thrive, and th' idle 'twill inflame.
No shame to Labour ; Sloth is yok'd with shame.
Glory and Virtue into consort fall 500

GEORGIGS OF IIESIOD. 171

With wealth ; wealth, Godlike, wins the grace of all ;

Since which yet springs out of the root of pain,

f Pain hath precedence, so thou dost maintain

The temper fitting, and the foolish vein

Of striving for the wealth of other men 505

Thou giv'st no vent, bat on thine own affairs

Convert'st thy mind, and thereon lay'st thy cares.

And then put on with all the spirit you can ;

Shame is not good in any needy man.

Shame much obscures, and makes as much to fame ;

Wealth loves audacity ; Want favours shame. 5il

Riches, not ravish 'd, but divinely sent

For virtuous labour, are most permanent.

If any stand on force, and get wealth so,

Or with the tongue spoil, as a number do, 515

When gain, or craft, doth overgo the soul,

And impudence doth honest shame controul,

God easily can the so-made-great disgrace,

And his house, rais'd so, can as easily race.

Riches bear date but of a little space. 5L>()

s Who wrongs an humble suppliant, doth offend
As much as he that wrongs a guest, or friend.

503 f 'Epyafeo-dai, laborare autem melius. Notwithstanding
he hath no other way to persuade his unwise brother to follow
his business, and leave his strife in law for other men's goods,
but to propose wealth and honour for the fruits of it, yet he
prefers labour alone, joined with love of virtue and justice,
and the good expence of a man's time, before wealth and
honour with covetousness and contention.

521 s^laov 5 7 ds, par est delictum. He sa3^s it is as great a sin
to wrong a poor suppliant as to wrong a man's best friend or
guest, which was then held one of the greatest impieties; and
to deceive an orphan of his dead parent's gift he affirms to be
nothing less an offence than to ascend to the bed of his brother ;
not that he makes all sins alike, but shows how horrible those
sins are with which we are most familiar.

172 FIRST BOOK OF THE

Who for his brother's wife's love doth ascend
His brother's bed, and hath his vicious end,
Offends no more than he that doth deceive
An orphan of the goods his parents leave ;
Or he that in the wretched bounds of age
Reviles his father. All these Jove enrage,
And shall receive of him revenge at last,
Inflicting all pains that till then they past.

From all these, therefore, turn thy striving mind,
And to thy utmost see the Gods assign 'd
Chastely and purely, all their holy dues.
Burn fattest thighs to them ; and sometimes use
Off'rings of wine ; sometimes serve their delights
With burning incense ; both when bed-time cites
And when from bed the sacred morning calls ;
That thou may'st render the Celestials
All ways propitious ; and so none else gather
Thy fortunes strow'd, but thou reap others rather.

Suffer thy foe thy table ; call thy friend
In chief one near, for if occasion send
Thy household use of neighbours, they undrest
Will haste to thee, where thy allies will rest
Till they be ready. An ill neighbour is
A curse ; a good one is as great a bliss.
He hath a treasure, by his fortune sign'd,
That hath a neighbour of an honest mind.
No loss of ox, or horse, a man shall bear,
Unless a wicked neighbour dwell too near.
Just measure take of neighbours, just repay,
The same receiv'cl, and more, if more thou may,
That after needing, thou may'st after find
Thy wants' supplier of as free a mind.

GE0RG1CS OF HESIOD. 173

11 Take no ill gain ; ill gain brings loss as ill. 555

Aid quit with aid ; good-will pay with good-will.

Give him that hath given ; him that hath not give not ;

Givers men give ; gifts to no givers thrive not.

Giving is good, rapine is deadly ill.

Who freely gives, though much, rejoiceth still ; 5G(r

Who ravines is so wretched, that, though small

His first gift be, he grieves as if 'twere all.

Little to little added, if oft done,
In small time makes a great possession.
Who adds to what is got, needs never fear 5(;§

That ^warth-cheek'd hunger will devour his cheer;
k Nor will it hurt a man though something more
Than serves mere need he lays at home in store ;
And best at home, it may go less abroad.
If cause call forth, at home provide thy rode, 570

Enough for all needs, for free spirits die
To want, being absent from their own supply.
Which note, I charge thee. At thy purse's height, 1

555 h Ka/ca Kepd., mala lucra oequalia in damnis. According
to this of the Scripture, Male partammale disperit; et de male
qucesitis non gaudet tertius hceres.

5mi Atdoira \ljuov, atram famem. Black or swarth he calls
famine or hunger : ab effectu quod nigrum aut lucidum color em
inducat.

567 k Ovde. He says it will not hurt a man to have a little
more than needs merely laid up at home ; as we say, it will
eat a man no meat, and prefers keeping a man's store at home
to putting it forth, for it may go less so, as often it doth.

573 l, Apxo^evov, incipiente dolio. At the beginning or height
of a man's store he adviseth liberality, and at the bottom ; in
the midst frugality ; admonishing therein not to be prodigal
nor sordid or wretched ; but, as at the top of the cask wine is
the weakest and thinnest, because it is most near the air, and
therefore may there be best spent, at the bottom full of lees,
and so may there be best spared, in the midst neatest and
briskest, and should be then most made of or husbanded, sa-
in the midst of a man's purse he adviseth parsimony.

174 FIRST BOOK OF THE

And when it fights low, give thy use his freight ;

When in the midst thou art, then check the blood ; 575

Frugality at bottom is not good.

Even with thy brother think a m witness by,

When thou would'st laugh, or converse liberally ;

Despair hurts none beyond credulity.

Let never n neat-girt dame, that all her wealth ■ 5S0

Lays on her waist, make profit of her stealth
On thy true judgment; nor be heard to feign
With her fork'd tongue, so far forth as to gain
Thy candle rent (she calls it). He that gives
A woman trust doth trust a den of thieves. 5S5

' One only son preserves a family,
As feeding it with only fit supply.
And that house to all height his riches rears
Whose sire dies old, and leaves a son of years.
To many children, too, God easily spares 50 °

577 m ' j^ fL&prvpa Oeo-dac, testem adbibeto. The critics ex-
pound it as if a man, talking privately and liberally with his
brother, should confer so securely that he must ever bring a
witness with him of what words passed him ; and the critics
intend it personally, where the word deadai signifies here only
supputa, cogita, hypothetically, or by way of supposition ;
deaden coming of rL8r)fii, i. e. Oecnv et viroOeaiv, facio, esto ut
■ita sit : suppose there were a witness by, and be as circum-
spect in speeches with your brother, even in your most private
and free discourse, as if you supposed a third man heard you.
The other exposition is to be exploded.

580 ii JivySaroXos, qui vel quce dunes exornat.

5s6 o ~M.owoyev})s, uniyenitm. He says one only son preserves
his father's house, and adds most ingeniously, <f>epj3efjLev 9 i. e.
pascendo sen nutri&ndo; intending that he adds only necessary
vital fuel, as it were, to his father's decaying fire ; where many
sons oftentimes rather famish or extinguish a family than
nourish or fuel it ; and yet he adds, most gravely and piously,
that God can easily give store of goods fit for the greatest store
of children ; but yet the more children the more care ; and
speaking to the happiest state of a family, he prefers one
supplier to many.

GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. lib

Wealth store ; but .still, more children the more cares,

And to the house the more access is made.

If, then, the hearty love of wealth invade

Thy thrifty mind, perform what follows here,

p And, one work done, with others serve the year. 505

595 v"Epd€Lv, sic f actio. A general conclusion, and transition
to his doctrine of the next book.

THE END OF THE FIRST BOOK.

THE SECOND BOOK OF THE GEORGICS
OF HESIOD.

HEN", Atlas' birth, the Pleiades arise,
| Harvest begin, plow when they leave
the skies.
Twice twenty days and nights these
hide their heads ;
The year then turning, leave again their beds,
And show when first to whet the harvest steel. s

This likewise is the law the fields must feel,
Both with sea-dwellers, near and high, and those
Whose winding valleys Neptune overflows,
That a fenny grounds and marshes dwell upon,
Along the fat and fruitful region. 10

But, wheresoever thou inhabit'st, ply
The fields before fierce winter's cruelty

1 He begins his Works, to which immediately before he pre-
pares his brother ; this whole book containing precepts of
husbandry, both for field and family. By the ascent and set
of the Pleiades is shown the harvest and seed season, as well
for ground near the seas as the far distant. The Pleiades,
called the daughters of Atlas, are the seven stars in the back
of the Bull, which the Latins called Vergilias; when which are
seen near the sun rising, which is in June, he appoints entry
on harvest affairs ; when in the morning they leave this hemi-
sphere, which is in November, he designs seed-time.

9 a AY/cea, pahislrem terram siynijicctt.

GEORGIOS OF HESIOD. 177

Oppress tliy pains, when thou may'st naked plow,

Naked cast in thy seed, and naked mow,

If timely thou wilt bear into thy barn u

The works of Ceres ; and to that end learn

As timely to prepare thy whole increase,

Lest, in the meantime, thy necessities

Importune thee at others' doors to stand,

And beg supplies to thy unthrifty hand ; 2a

As now thou com'st to me, but I no more

Will give, or lend thee, what thou may'st restore

By equal measure, nor will trust thee so.

Labour, vain Perses, and those labours do,

That, by the certain sign of beggary 25 "

b Demonstrated in idle drones, thine eye

May learn the work that equal Deity

Imposeth of necessity on men ;

Lest with thy wife, and wanting childeren,

(Thy mind much griev'd) thou seek'st of neighbours food,

Thine own means failing. Men grow cold in good, 31

Some twice, or thrice, perhaps, thy neighbour will

Supply thy wants ; whom if thou troubl'st still,

Thou com'st off empty, and to air dost strain

A world of words ; words store make wanting men. 35

I charge thee, therefore, see thy thoughts employ 'd

To pay thy debts, and how thou may'st avoid

Deserved famine. To which end, first see

Thy wife well order'd, and thy family ;

Thy plow-drawn ox; thy c maid, without her spouse, 40

26 k AiaTeKfiaipojuaL, per signum demonstro ita ut conjectare
sit facile.

40 c Y.ttjt^v, famulam considerate acquisitam. He would
have her likewise unmarried, ov ya/xerr]u y non nuptam ; his
reason he shows after.

M

178 SECOND BOOK OF THE

And wisely hir'd, that business in thy house

May first work off, and then to tillage come.

To both which offices make fit at home

Everything needful, lest abroad thou send

To ask another, and he will not lend ; 45

Meantime thou want'st them, time flies fast away,

Thy work undone, which not from day to day

Thou should'st defer ; the d work-deferrer never

Sees full his barn ; nor he that leaves work ever,

And still is gadding out. e Care-flying ease 50

Gives labour ever competent increase.

f He that with doubt his needful business crosses

Is ever wrastling with his certain losses.

When, therefore, of the s swift-sharp-sighted sun

The chief force faints, and h sweating heat is done, 55

Autumn grown old, and i opening his last vein,

And great Jove steeping all things in his rain,

Man's body chang'd, and made more lightsome far,

(For then but small time shines the Sirian star

Above the heads of k hard-fate-f oster'd man, 00

Rising near day, and his beams Austrian

Enjoy'd in night most), — when, I say, all this

Follows the season, and the forest is

48 d ''EiTwcrioepybs, non assiduus in opere.

50 e MeXer??, cura cum industrid et exer citation e.

52 f 'A / a/3oXie/)7os, qui opus de die in diem rejicit et procrastin&t-

54 s '0£eos ?)eAtoio, mttaphorice accipitur pro acumine et visits
edentate.

55 h 'IddXtfjios, sudorificus humidus color does not express the
word, being so turned in the verbal translation.

56 i M-eroirojpLvbs, qui extremi et scnescentis Auf-umm est.

6(1 k KypiTp€(p7)s, qui una cum hthife.ro fato alitur, vel qui ed/U-
catur inter multas durce sortis miserias, the most fit epithet of
man.

63 p rQ gylixi.

GEORGICS OF IIESIOD. 179

Sound, being fell'd, his leaves upon the ground
Before let fall, and leaving what they crown'd (55

Then constantly take time to fell thy wood ;
Of husbandry the time kept is the blood.

Cut then your three-foot 1 quern ; whose pestle cut
Three cubits long ; your axletree seven foot.
If it be eight foot, cut your mallet thence ; 70

The felfs, that make your cart's circumference,
Out three spans long. Many erook'd pieces more,
Ten palms in length, fell for your wagons' store.
All which poor rales a rich convenience yield.

If thou shalt find a culter in the field, 75

Or on the mountain, either elm or oak,
Convey it home, since, for thy beasts of yoke
To plow withal, 'twill most his strength maintain ;
And, chiefly, if m Athenian Ceres' swain
It fixing to the draught-tree, lest it fails, 80

Shall fit it to the handles' stay with nails.

Two plows compose, to find thee work at home,
One with a share that of itself doth come
From forth the plow's whole piece, and one set on ;
Since so 'tis better much, for, either gone, S5

With th' other thou may's t instantly impose
Work on thy oxen. On the laurel grows,
And on the elm, your best plow-handles ever ;
Of oak your draught-tree ; from the maple never
Go for your culter ; for your oxen chuse °°

Two males of nine years' old, for then their use

68 v '0\julov. A kind of mortar to bray corn in, which the
.ancients used for a little mill or quern.

79 m 'AOrjvaiTjs 6/jlQos, Atticoe Gereris servits ; a periphrasis of
a plowman ; she being called Attic Ceres, quod ipsa Atheni-
mses, adeoque omnes homines, de frugibus docicerit.

180 SECOND BOOK OF THE

Is most available, since their strengths are then

JSTot of the weakest, and the youthful mean

Sticks in their nerves still ; nor will these contend

With skittish tricks, when they the stitch should end, 95

To break their plow, and leave their work undone.

These let a youth of n forty wait upon,

Whose bread at meals in four good shivers cut,

Eight bits in every shive ; for °that man, put

To his fit task, will see ic done past talk 10 °

With any fellow, nor will ever balk

In any stitch he -makes, but give his mind

With care t' his labour. And this man no hind

(Though much his younger) shall his better be

At sowing seed, and, shunning skilfully, 105

JNTeed to go over his whole work again.

Your younger man feeds still a flying vein

From his set task, to hold his equals chat,

And trifles works he should be serious at. KK>

Take notice, then, when thou the crane shalt hear
Aloft out of the clouds her clanges rear,
That then he gives thee signal when to sow,
And Winter's wrathful season doth foreshow ;

97 n T€Tp&Tpv<pov, oKrd(3\oo/xop, quadrifidum, octo morsuum.
He commends a man of forty for a most fit servant ; and there-
fore prescribes allowance of bread to his meals something ex-
traordinary, saying he would have allowed four shives of bread
at a meal to his meat, every shive containing eight bits or
morsels ; not that the whole four shives should contain but
eight morsels, as the critics expound it ; for how absurd is it
to imagine a shive of bread but two bits ? and how pinching
a diet it were for an able plow- man ?

99 o r, Q s K gpyov. Qui quidem opus curans, et cetatis quam in-
servo requirit (says Melancthon) rationes addit admodum
graves, sentitque midtum situm esse in maturitate cetatis. Forty
years then being but a youth's age.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 181

And then the man, that can no oxen get,

Or wants the season's work, his heart doth eat. 115

Then feed thy oxen in the house with hay ;

Which he that wants with ease enough will say,

" Let me, alike, thy wain and oxen use."

Which 'tis as easy for thee to refuse,

And say thy oxwork then importunes much. 12 °

He that is rich in brain will answer such :

" Work up thyself a wagon of thine own ;

For to the foolish borrower is not known

That each wain asks a hundred joints of wood ;

These things ask forecast, and thou shouldst make good

At home before thy need so instant stood." 12(5

When, therefore, first fit plow-time doth disclose,
Put on thy spirit ; all, as one, dispose
Thy servants and thyself; plow wet and dry;
And when Aurora first affords her eye, 13 °

In Spring-time, turn the earth up ; which see done
Again, past all fail, by the Summer's sun.
Hasten thy labours, that thy crowned fields
May load themselves to thee, and rack their yields.
The tilth-field sow on earth's most light foundations ; 135
The p tilth-field, banisher of execrations,
Pleaser of sons and daughters ; which, t' improve
With all wish'd profits, pray to earthly Jove,
And virtuous Ceres, that on all such suits
Her sacred gift bestows in blessing fruits. uo

136 p Xafo ake&apri, novalis imprecationum expultrix. The
tilth-field he calls banisher of execrations, and pleaser of sons
and daughters ; first, because rude husbandmen use to curse
when their crops answer not their expectations ; and next,
it pleases sons and daughters, since it helps add to their
portions.

182 SECOND BOOK OF THE

When first thou enter'st foot to plow thy land,
And on thy plow-staff's top hast laid thy hand,
Thy oxen's hacks, that next thee by a chain
Thy oaken draught-tree draw, put to the pain
Thy goad imposes ; and thy boy behind, 145

That with his iron rake thou hast design 'd
To hide thy seed, let from his labour drive
The birds that offer on thy sweat to live.
The best thing that in human needs doth fall
Is Industry, and. Sloth the worst of all. 15( >

With one, thy corn-ears shall with fruit abound,
And bow their thankful foreheads to the ground ;
With th' other, scarce thy seed again redound.

When Jove, then, gives this good end to thy pain,
Amids the vessels that preserve thy grain 15&

No spiders then shall need t' usurp their room,
But thou, I think, rejoice, and rest at home,
Provision inn'd enough of everything
To give thee glad heart till the neighbour Spring,
Not go to others to supply thy store, m

But others need to come to thee for more.

If at the sun's conversion thou shalt sow
The sacred earth, thou then may'st q sit and mow
Or reap in harvest ; such a little pain
Will serve thy use to sell thy thin-grown grain, 165

And reaps so scanty will take up thy hand ;
Thou hid in dust, not comforted a sand,
But gather 'gainst the grain. Thou should'st be then

163 q^H^eyos, sedens. He disproves sowing at the winter
solstice, and says he that doth sow then may sit and reap for
any labour his crop will require ; a reap they call as much as
at once the reaper grasps in his hand.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 183

Coop'd in a basket up ; for wordly men
Admire no un thrifts, Honour goes by gain. 170

As times still change, so changeth Jove his mind,
Whose seasons mortal men can hardly find.

But if thou shouldst sow late, this well may be,
In all thy slackness, an excuse for thee :
When in the oak's green arms the cuckoo sings, 175

And first delights men in the lovely springs,
If much rain fall, 'tis fit then to defer
Thy sowing work ; but how much rain to bear,
And let no labour to that much give ear
Past intermission, let Jove steep the grass 180

Three days together, so he do not pass
An ox's hoof in depth, and never stay
To strow thy seed in ; but if deeper way
Jove with his rain makes, then forbear the field,
For late-sown then will past the foremost yield. 18y

Mind well all this ; nor let it fly thy pow'rs
To know what fits the white Spring's early flow'rs;
Nor when rains timely fall ; nor, when sharp cold
In Winters wrath doth men from work withhold,
Sit by smiths' forges, r nor warm taverns s haunt, 190

Nor let the bitterest of the season daunt
Thy thrif t-arm'd pains, like idle Poverty ;
For then the time is when th' industrious thigh
Upholds, with all increase, his family.

190 r Xol\k€lov dCbKov, cene%m sedem. By which he understands
smiths' forges, where the poorer sort of Greece used to sit, as
they do still in the winter amongst us, and as amongst the
Romans, in tonstrinis, or barbers' shops.

190 s 'E7raXea Xeaxv^, calidam tabemam. These XeVxat were
of old said to hold the meetings of philosophers ; and after, be-
cause amongst them mixed idle talkers over cups, they were
called XecrxcLL, nugce, Xecrxv^a, loquacitas or garrulitas.

184 SECOND BOOK OF THE

With whose rich hardness spirited, do thou 195

'Poor Delicacy fly, lest, frost and snow

Med from her love, Hunger sit both them out,

And make thee, with the beggar's lazy gout,

Sit stooping to the pain, still pointing to 't,

And with a * lean hand stroke a foggy foot. 200

The slothful man expecting many things,
With his vain hope that cannot stretch her wings
Past need of necessaries for his kind,
Turns, u like a whirlpit, over in his mind
All means that rapine prompts to th' idle hind ; 205

Sits in the tavern, and finds means to spend
111 got, and ever doth to worse contend.

When Summer, therefore, in her tropic sits,
Make thou thy servants wear their winter wits,
And tell them this, ere that warm season wast 210

Make nests, for Summer will not ever last.
The month of x January's all-ill days,
For oxen's good, shun now by July's rays.

200 t Ae7rr77 8e, macilentd vero crassum pedem manu premas.
Aristotle in his problems, as out of this place, affirms that daily
and continual hunger makes men's feet and ankles swell; and
by the same reason superiores partes extenuantur et macrescunt,
for which Hesiod uses this ingenious allusion to his bother,
advising him to take heed ne pedem tumefaetum tenui manu
demulcere oporteat ; 7rie^w, signifying here demidceo, not strin-
gendo crucio, or premo, as it is usually rendered. But (for the
pain) stroke or touch it softly, for some ease to it, though it
doth little good to it, but only makes good the proverb, Ubi
dolor ibi digitus.

204 u JZaKci xpoo-eXe^aro, mala intra avimurii versat. And
therefore, says Melancthon, out of Columella, homines nihil
agendo male agere discunt ; but 7rpojeXe^dro signifies not only
versat, but instar undarum fluvii v*l voraginis versat.

212 x M^a d£ Anvai&va, mensis in quofestum in honorem Lenei
celebratur. Bacchus being called Xwvcuos, quoniam torcularibus
et vini expressioni preest; and because his feast used to be
solemnized in January, Atjvoll&v is called Januarium.

GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 185

When air's chill y ]S T ortli his noisome frosts shall blow

All over earth, and all the wide sea throw 215

At heaven in hills, from cold horse-breeding Thrace ;

The beaten earth, and all her sylvan race,

Roaring and bellowing with his bitter strokes ;

Plumps of thick fir-trees and high-crested oaks

Tom up in vallies, all air's flood let fiy 220

In him at Earth, sad nurse of all that die ;

Wild beasts abhor him, and run clapping close

Their sterns betwixt their thighs ; and even all those

Whose hides their fleeces line with highest proof,

Even ox-hides also want expulsive stuff, 225

And bristled goats, against his bitter gale,

He blows so cold he beats quite through them all.

'Only with silly sheep it fares not so ;

For they each summer fleec'd, their fells to grow,

They shield all winter, crush'd into his wind. 230

He makes the old man trudge for life to find

.Shelter against him ; but he cannot blast

The tender and the delicately-grac't ,

Flesh of the virgin, she is kept within

Close by her mother, careful of her skin, 235

.Since yet she never knew how to enfold

The force of Venus swimming all in gold ;

Whose snowy bosom, choicely wash'd and balm'd

With wealthy oils, she keeps the house becalm'd

All winter's spite. When in his fireless shed 240

And miserable roof still hiding head,

214 y HvetiaavTos Bopeao, flante Borea hiemis tempus, et
mensem Boreali frig ore gravissimum coyiose et eleganter cie-
.scripsit, says Melancthon.

186 SECOND BOOK OF THE

The z boneless fish doth eat his feet for cold,

To whom- the sun doth never food unfold,

But turns above the black men's populous towers,

On whom he more bestows his radiant hours urr

Than on th' a Hellenians, then ail beasts of horn,

And smooth-brow'd, that in beds of wood are burn,

About the oaken dales that north-wind fiy,

Gnashing their teeth with restless misery ;

And everywhere that care solicits all 25C '

That, out of shelter, to their coverts fall,

And caverns eaten into rocks ; and then

Those wild beasts shrink, like tame b three-footed men

Whose backs are broke with age, and foreheads driven

To stoop to earth, though born to look on heaven ; - 55 '

Even like to these those tough-bred rude ones go,

Flying the white drifts of the northern snow.

Then put thy body's best munition on,

Soft waistcoats, weeds that th' ankles trail upon ;

And with a little linen weave much wool 260 '

In forewov'n webs, and make thy garments full.

And these put on thee, lest thy harsh-grown hair

Tremble upon thee, and into the air

Start, as affrighted ; all that breast of thine

Pointed with c bristles like a porcupine. 265

About thy feet see fitted shoes be tied,

242 z 'Avocrreos, exossis. He intends the Potypus, that hath
no bones, but a gristle for his back -bone.

246 a UaveWrjveo-cri. Hellen was son to Deucalion, of whom,
as being author of that nation, "EWtjv, dicitur Gfrcecus, ut
testatur Plinius, lib. 4, cap. 7. The sun being in Sagittarius
is longer with the iEthiops, which are meridional, than with
the Grseeians.

25 - ih 'TpLTro5i. (3poToil<Toi, tripodi homini similes. He calls old
men helped with staves in their gait three-footed.

265 c'^eipeiv, pennarum in more in cdtum erigere.

GEORGICS OF HJESIOD. 187'

Made of a strongly-dying ox's hide,

Lin'd with d wool socks ; besides, when those winds blow

Thy nrst-fall'n kid-skins sure together sow

With ox's sinews, and about thee throw, 27 °

To be thy refuge 'gainst the soaking rain.

Upon thy head a quilted hat sustain,

That from thy ears may all air's spite expell.

When north-winds blow the air is sharp and fell ;

But morning air, that e brings a warmth withal 27a ~

Down from the stars, and on the earth doth fall,

Expires a breath that, all things cheering then,

Is fit to crown the works of blessed men.

Which drawing out of floods that ever flow,

Wind-storms are rais'd on earth, that roughly blow ; 280 "

And then sometimes a shower falls towards even,

And sometimes air in empty blasts is driven,

Which from the north-wind rising out of Thrace,

And gloomy clouds, rais'd, haste thee home apace,

Thy work for that day done, th' event forseen, 285 "

Lest out of Heaven a dark cloud hide thee clean,

Thy weeds wet through, and steep thee to the skin ;

But shun it, for when this cold month comes in

Extreme it is for sheep, extreme for men.

Take from thy oxen half their commons f then, 290 '

But mend thy servants', for ingenious Night,

268d in\o6s, not pilis, as it is usually translated, but soculis
laneis

215 e 'Ar)p irvpo(f>6pos, aer ignifer, not frugifer, though fruits
are the chief effects of it, but air that brings a comfortable fire
with it, and he says, ci7r' ovpavov currepbevTos, a coelo stellifero.

290 f t^os, turn, &c. Then sharpen thy oxen's stomachs with
taking away half their allowance, but give more to thy ser-
vants ; his reason is, because the days being shorter by half
then than in summer, and so take away half the work of the-
ox, therefore half their fother should be in equal husbandry

188 SECOND BOOK OF THE

Then great in length, affects the appetite

With all contention, and alacrity

To all invention, and the scrutiny

Of all our objects, and must therefore feast 295

To make the spirits run high in their inquest.

These well observing all the year's remain,

The clays and nights grow equal ; till again

Earth, that of all things is the Mother Queen,

All fruits promiscuously brings forth for men. 300

When, after sixty turnings of the sun,

By Jove's decrees, all Winter's hours are run,

Then does the evening-star, ^Arcturus, rise,

And leave the unmeasur'd ocean ; all men's eyes,

First noting then his beams ; and after him, 3()5

Before the clear morn's light hath chac'd the dim,

Pandion's Swallow breaks out with her moan, h

Made to the light, the Spring but new put on.

Preventing which, cut vines, for then 'tis best ;

But when the horn'd house-bearer leaves his rest, 310

..abated ; but since servants must work in night as well, and
that the nights are much longer, he would have their commons
increased, allowing even those bodily labourers, in a kind of
proportion, the same that is fit for mental painstakers, students,
&e., for the word evcppovai, taken here for nights, is usurped
for the effects of night, ev(f>povewv signifying prudentid valtns,
and eticppovT] is called night, quod putaretur multum conferre ad
inventionem eorum quoe quceruntur, intending in studies and
labours of the soul, especially the epithet iirlppodoL, signifying
auxilium seu inspirationem ferentes magna cum alacritate et
contentions. All that since therefore the words containing, a
man may observe how verbal expositors slubber up these divine
, expressions with their contractions and going the next way.

303 & ApKTovpos, Arcturas is a star sub zona Bootes; oritur
vespere, initio Veris.

307 h 'QpOpoyoT], ante lucano tempore quiritans. The construc-
tion should be, not prorumpit ad lucem, but higens ad lucem,
since it came not soon enough to prevent the night's tyranny
in Tereus; the fiction of which is too common to be repeated.

GEORGIGS OF IIESIOD. 189'

And climbs the plants, the Seven Stars then in flight,
Nowhere dig vines, but scythes whet, and excite
Servants to work ; fly shady tavern bovv'rs,
And beds, as soon as light salutes the flow'rs.

In harvest, when the sun the body dries, 815

Then haste and fetch the fields home ; early rise,
That plenty may thy household wants suffice ;
The morn the third part of thy work doth gain ;
The morn makes short thy way, makes short thy pain ;
The morn being once up fills the ways with all, 320

And yokes the ox, herself up, in his stall.

When once the thistle doth his flower prefer,
And on the tree the garrulous grashopper,
Beneath her wings, all day and all night long
Sits pouring out her derisory song, 825

When Labour drinks, his boiling sweat to thrive,
Then goats grow fat, then best wine choose, then strive
Women for work most, and men least can do ;
For then the Dog-star burns his drought into
Their brains and knees, and all the body dries. 380

But then betake thee to the shade that lies
In shield of rocks ; drink i Biblian wine, and eat
The creamy wafer, goats' milk that the teat
Gives newly free and nurses kids no more,
Flesh of bough-browsing beeves that never bore, :535

And tender kids ; and, to these, taste black wine,
The k third part water of the crystalline

332 i RL(3\lvos, Biblinum vinum dicitur a Biblid regions Thracicz,
ubi nobilissima vina sunt.

337 k yp € i s vdaros, tertiam aquce partem ivfunde. The Greeks
never drunk merum, but dilutum vinum, wine allay'd with
water. Athenseus says that to two cups of wine sometimes
they put five eups of water, and sometimes to four of wine

340

190 SECOND BOOK OF THE

Still-flowing fount that feeds a stream "beneath ;
And sit in shades where temp'rate gales may breath
On thy oppos'd cheeks, when Orion's rays
His influence in first ascent assays.

Then to thy labouring servants give command
To dight the sacred gift of Ceres' hand,
In some place windy, on a well-plan'd floor,
Which all by measure into vessels pour. 345

Make then thy man-swain one that hath no house,
Thy handmaid one that hath nor child nor spouse,
Handmaids that children have are ravenous.
A mastiff likewise nourish still at home,
Whose l teeth are sharp and close as any comb, 35 °

And meat him well, to keep with stronger guard
The m day-sleep-wake-night man from forth thy yard,
That else thy goods into his caves will bear.
Inn hay and chaff enough for all the year
To serve thy oxen and thy mules, and then 855

Loose them, and ease the dear knees of thy men.

When Sirius and Orion aspire
To heaven's steep height, and bright Arcturus' fire
The rosy-finger'd Morning sees arise,
Perses, then thy vineyard faculties 3f, °

See gathered and got home ; which twice five days
And nights, no less, expose to Phoebus' rays ;
Then five days inn them, and in vessels close
The gift the gladness-causing God bestows.

But after that the Seven-stars and the Five 3(i5

but two of water, which they order according to the strength
or weakness of their wine.

>m i Kapx&podovs, denies inter se pectinatim coeuntes habens.

352 m'H/jLepoKoiros dvrip, die dor miens vir. A periphrasis of
a thief.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 191

That 'twixt the Bull's horns at their set arrive,

Together with the great Orion's force,

Then ply thy plow as fits the season's course.

If of a n chance-complaining man at seas
The humour take thee, when the Pleiades 370

Hide head and fly the fierce Orion's chace,
And the dark-deep Oceanus embrace,
Then diverse gusts of violent winds arise;
And then attempt no naval enterprise,
But ply thy land-affairs, and draw ashore 375

Thy ship, and fence her round w r ith stonage store,
To shield her ribs against the humourous gales ;
Her pump exhausted, lest Jove's rainy falls
Breed putrefaction ; all tools fit for her,
And all her tacklings, to thy house confer ; 380

Contracting orderly all needful things
That imp a water-treading vessel's wings ;
Her well-wrought stern hang in the smoke at home,
Attending time till fit sea-seasons come ;
And then thy swift sail launch, conveying in 385

Burthen that richly may that trade begin,
As did our father who a voyage w 7 ent
For want of an estate so competent
As free life ask'd ; and long since landed here
When he had measur'd the unmeasur'd sphere 390

Of all the sea, zEolian Cumas leaving,
Kot ° flying wealth, (revenues great receiving,

369 n Auo-rre/jifpeXos, qui de sorte sua queritur.

392 ° Ovk a<pevc$ cpeijywy, non redditas sen diviiias fugiens.
He blames those that having richly enough of their own,
which they freely and safely possess ashore, will yet, with
insatiate desire of more, venture the loss of all ; which his
father, he says, was not to be blamed for, in going to sea,

192 SECOND BOOK OF THE

And bliss itself possess'd in all fit store,

If wisely us'd ; yet selling that t' explore

Strange countries, madly covetous of more,) 395

But only shunning loathsome poverty,

Which yet Jove sends, and men should never fly.

The seat that he was left to dwell upon

Was set in Ascra, near to Helicon,

Amids a miserable village there, i00r

In winter vile, in summer noisomer,

And profitable never. Note thou, then,

To do all works the proper season when,

In sea- works chiefly ; for whose use allow

A little ship, but in her bulk bestow 405 '

A great big burthen— the more ships sustain

The surer sail they, and heap gain on gain,

If seas run smooth and rugged gusts abstain.

When thy vain mind, then, would sea-ventures try,

In love the land-rocks of loath'd Debt to fly, 41 °

And p Hunger's ever harsh-to-hear-of cry,

I'll set before thee all the trim and dress

Of those still- roaring-noise-resounding seas,

Though ^neither skill'd in either ship or sail,

Nor ever was at sea ; or, lest I fail, 415>

But for Eubcea once from Aulis, where

The Greeks, with tempest driv'n, for shore did stere

Their mighty navy, gather'd to employ

who only took that course to avoid poverty, his means by
land not enough to live withal freely.

411 P 'Arepiria Xifiov, famem auditu insuavem.

414 <i Oflre tl, etsi neqae navigandi peritus. Melancthon, in
this free confession of his unskilf ulness in what he intended
to teach, gives this note : Removet se reprehensionem ob im-
peritiam ; hie videmus, ao<pi.^eLv, primo usurpation fuisse, cum
laude, pro docere et tradere aliquid eruditius prce aliis.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 193

For sacred Greece 'gainst fair-daine-breeding Troy ;

To Chalcis there I made by sea my pass, 420

And to the Games of great r Amphidamas,

Where many a fore-studied exercise

Was instituted, with exciteful prize,

For great-and-good and able-minded men ;

And where I won, at the Pierian pen, 425

A three-eard tripod, which I offer'd on

The altars of the Maids of Helicon ;

Where first their loves initiated me

In skill of their unworldly harmony.

But no more practice have my travails swet 43{>

In many-a nail-composed ships ; and yet

I'll sing what Jove's mind will suggest in mine,

Whose Daughters taught my verse the rage divine.

Fifty days after heaven's converted heat,
When Summer's land-works are dissolv'd with sweat,
Then grows the navigable season fit, 43fi

For then no storms rise that thy sail may split,
Nor spoil thy sailors ; if the God that sways
Th' earth-shaking trident do not overpaise,
With any counsel beforehand decreed, uo

The season's natural grace to thy good speed,
Nor Jove consent with his revengeful will,
In whom are fixt the bounds of good and ill.
But in the usual temper of the year,

421 r 'Afj,(f)i8afjL(is, king of Euboea, was slain in battle against
the Erythrseans ; at whose funerals his sons instituted Games.
And from hence Melancthon gathers, by that time in which
the king died, Hesiod then living, that Homer lived a hun-
dred years before him, and so could not be the man from
whom our author is affirmed by some historians to win the
prize he now speaks of.

194 SECOND BOOK OF THE

Easy to judge of, and distinguish clear, 445

Are both the winds and seas, none rude, none cross,

Nor misaffected with the love of loss ;

And therefore put to sea ; trust even the wind

Then with thy swift ship ; but when thou shalt find

Fit freight for her, as fitly stow it straight, 45 °

And all haste home make. For no new wine wait,

Nor aged Autumn's showers, nor Winter's falls

Then fast approaching, nor the noisome gales

The humorous South breathes, that incense the seas,

And s raise together in one series 455

Jove's Autumn dashes, that come smoking down,

And with his roughest brows make th' ocean frown.

But there's another season for the seas,
That in the first Spring others' choices please ;
When, look how much the crow takes at a stride, 4G0
So much put forth the young leaf is descried
On fig-tree tops; but then the gusts so fall,
That oft the sea becomes impervial.
And yet this vernal season many use
For sea affairs ; which yet I would not chuse, 4(55

Nor give it my mind any grateful taste,
Since then steals out so many a ravenous blast ;
Nor but with much scath thou canst 'teape thy bane,
Which yet men's greedy follies dare maintain.
Money is soul to miserable men, 47 °

And to it many men their souls bequeath.
To die in dark-seas is a dreadful death.

All this I charge thee, need to note no more;
Nor in one vessel venture all thy store,

455 s 'Ofio.prrjcr as, cceletfem imbrem feaitus ; intending a fol-
lowing of those things qiice serie quddam contimid se sequuntar.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 195

But most part leave out, and impose the less, 475

For 'tis a wretched thing t' endure distress

Incurr'd at sea ; and 'tis as ill, ashore

To use adventures, covetous of more

Than safety warrants, as upon thy wain

To lay on more load than it can sustain ; 480

For then thy axle breaks, thy goods diminish,

And thrift's mean means in violent av'rice vanish.

The mean observ'd makes an exceeding state ;

Occasion took at all times equals Fate.

Thyself if well in years, thy wife take home 4S5

Not much past thirty, nor have much to come ;
But being young thyself, nuptials that seize
The times' best season in their acts are these :
At t fourteen years a woman grows mature,
At fifteen wed her, and best means inure 490

To marry her a maid, to teach her then
Respect to thee and chasteness t' other men.
In chief, choose one whose life is u near thee bred,
That her condition circularly weigh'd,
(And that with care, too,) in thy neighbours' eyes, 495
Thou wedd'st not for a maid their mockeries.
No purchase passes a good wife, no loss
Is than a bad wife a more cursed cross,
That must a gossip be at every feast,
And private cates provide, too, for her guest, 5(j0

And bear her husband ne'er so bold a breast,

489t Terop. Pollux expounds this word, which is usually
taken for four, fourteen. Plato and Aristotle appoint the best
time of women's marriages at eighteen.

4ya u 'ftyytidi vaiei, quce prope te habitat. His counsel is, to
marry a maid bred near a man, whose breeding and behaviour
he hath still taken into note. Counsel of gold, but not respected
in this iron age.

196 SECOND BOOK OF THE

y Without a fire burns in him even to rage,
And in his youth pours grief on him in age.

The Gods' y fore warnings, and pursuits of men
Of impious lives with unavoided pain, 505

Their sight, their rule of all, their love, their fear.

Watching and sitting up give all thy care.

Give a never to thy friend an even respect
With thy born brother, for in his neglect
Thyself thou touchest first with that defect. 51G

If thou shalt take thy friend with an offence

By word, or deed, twice only, try what sense

He hath of thy abuse by making plain

The wrong he did thee ; and if then again

He will turn friend, confess and pay all pain 515

Dae for his forfeit, take him into grace;

The shameless man shifts friends still with his place.

But keep thou friends, forgive, and so convert

That not thy look may reprehend thy heart.

502 x Etf« & T€ p daXov, torret sine face et crudm senectce tradit r
co/xc.3 yfipai, senecta ante tempus adveniens, which place Boetius
imitates in his book De Comolatione in this distich :
Intempestivi funduntur vertice cani,
Et dolor cetatem jusxit inesse sua?n.
[Chapman has misquoted these lines. They are not a dis-
tich. The whole passage is as follows :

Venit enim proper ata malis inopina seuectus,

Et dolor cetatem jusxit inesse suam.
Intern pestivi funduntur vertice cani,

Et tremit effvato corpore laxa cutis. — Ed.]
504 y"07TLs, in God, signifies insight and government in all
things, and his just indignation against the impious; in man,
respect, to the fear of God, and his reverence. Metancthon.

507 z Il€(pv\ayfA€i>os, vigiliis et excubii* positis.

508 a }iir,5£. This precept of preferring a man's own brother
to his friend is full of humanity, and savours of the true taste
of a trueborn man ; the neglect of which in these days shows
children either utterly misbegotten, or got by unnatural fathers,
of whom children must taste, in disposition, as a poison of de-
generacy poured into them both, and a just plague for both.

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 197

Be not a common host for guests, nor one 520

That can abide the kind receipt of none.
Consort none ill though rais'd to any state,
Nor leave one good though ne'er so ruinate.
Abhor all taking pleasure to upbraid
A forlorn poverty, which God hath laid 525

On any man in so severe a kind
As quite disheartens and dissolves his mind.
Amongst men on the earth there never sprung
An ampler treasure than a sparing tongue ;
Which yet most grace gains when it sings the mean. 530
Ill-speakers ever hear as ill again.
Make not thyself at any public feast
A troublesome or over-curious guest ;
Tis common cheer, nor touches thee at all ;
Besides, thy grace is much, thy cost is small. 535

Do not thy tongue's grace the disgrace to lie,
Nor mend a true-spoke mind with policy,
But all things use with first simplicity.

To Jove nor no God pour out morning wine
With unwash'd hand ; for, know, the Powers Divine 5i0
Avert their ears, and prayers impure reject.

Put not thy urine out, with face erect,
Against b the Sun, but, sitting, let it fall,
Or turn thee to some undiscovering wall ;

543 b M^S' clvt rjeXiov, neque contra solem versus erectus meito.
He would have no contempt against the Sun ; either directly,
or allegorically, intending by the Sun great and reverend men,
against whom nihil proterve et irreverenter agendum. If in the
plain sense, which he makes serious, he would not have a man
make water turning purposely against the Sun, nor standing,
but sitting, as at this day even amongst the rude Turks it is
abhorred, quibusreligiosumest ut sedentes mingant, et ingensfla-
gitium designari credunt siquis in publico cacaret aut mingereL

198 SECOND BOOK OF THE

And, after the great Sun is in descent, 545

Eemember, till he greet the Orient,

That, in way or without, thou still forbear,

ISTor ope thy nakedness while thou art there,

The nights the Gods' are, and the godly man

And wife will shun by all means to profane 550

The Gods' appropriates. c Make no access,

Thy wife new left, to sacred mysteries,

Or coming from an ominous funeral feast ;

But, from a banquet that the Gods have blest

In men whose spirits are frolicly inclin'd, 555 ,

Perform those rites that propagate thy kind.

Never the fair waves of eternal floods
Pass with thy feet, but first invoke the Gods,
Thine eyes cast on their streams ; which those that wade,
Their hands unwash'd, those Deities invade 56a

With future plagues and even then angry are.

Of thy d five branches see thou never pare
The dry from off the green at solemn feasts ;
ISTor on the quaffing mazers of thy guests
Bestow the bowl vow'd to the Powers Divine, 565

Por harmful fate is swallow'd with the wine.

When thou hast once begun to build a house,
Leav't not unfinish'd, lest the ominous

551 c Mt7(T aldoTa. Melancthon expounds this place, a con-
gressu uxoris ne sacra accedas, whom I have followed ; dtio-fi^/uos
signifies here ivfaustus, and rd<pos, funebre epulum.

062 d M^S' d'/rb irevrb^oio. He says a man must not pare his
nails at the table ; in which our reverend author is so respectful
and moral in his setting down, that he nameth not nails, but
calls what is to be pared away, adov, siccum or aridum, and the
nail itself, x^wpov, viridum, because it is still growing ; he calls
likewise the hande irevro^os, quce in quinos ramos dispergitur,
because it puts out five fingers like branches.

564 [Mazers— cups. See Richardson.]

GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 199

Ill-spoken crow encounter thee abroad.

And from her bough thy means outgone explode. 570

From three-foot pots of meat set on the fire
To serve thy house ; serve not thy taste's desire
With ravine of the meat till on the board
Thou seest it set, and sacrifice afford,
Not if thou wash first, and the Gods wouldst please 575
With that respect to them ; for even for these
Pains are impos'd, being all impieties.

On tombstones, or fix'd seats, no boy permit,
That's grown to twelve years old, to idly sit ;
For 'tis not good, but makes a slothful man. 580

In baths, whose waters women first began
To wash their bodies in, should bathe no man ;
For in their time even these parts have their pain
Grievous enough. If any homely place,
Sylvan or other, thou seest vow'd to grace 585

Of any God, by fire made for the weal
Of any poor soul mov'd with simplest zeal,
Mock not the mysteries, for God disdains
Those impious parts, and pays them certain pains.

Never in channels of those streams that pay 590

The ocean tribute give thy urine way ;
Nor into e fountains; but, past all neglect,
See thou avoid it ; for the grave respect
Given to these secrets meets with blest effect.

Do this, and fly the people's f bitter fame, 595

592 e jffi recte in fontes immingere dicuntur, qui sacram
doctrinam commaculant.

595 f Aetz/V? gravem or terribilem famam he adviseth a man
to avoid : intending with deserving a good and honest fame
amongst men, which known to himself impartially and betwixt
God and him, every worthy man should despise the contrary

200 THE GEOEGIGS OF HESIOD.

For fame is ill, 'tis light and rais'd like flame ;

The burthen heavy yet, and hard to cast.

]STo fame doth wholly perish, when her blest

Echo resounds in all the people's cries,

For she herself is of the Deities. G0(>

conceit of the world; according to that of Quintilian, writing
to Seneca, affirming he cared no more what the misjudging
world vented against him, quam de ventre redditi crepitus.

THE END OP THE SECOND BOOK OF WORKS.

HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS.

|HE Days that for thy works are good or ill,
According to the influence they instil,
Of Jove with all care learn, and give
them then,
For their discharge, in precept to thy men.

The Thirtieth day of every month is best, 5

With diligent inspection to digest

The next month's works, and part thy household foods ;
That being the day when all litigious goods
Are justly sentenc'd by the people's voices.
And till that day next month give these days' choices, 10
For they are mark'd out by most-knowing Jove.

6 'l&iroTrro^ai, diligenti inspectione digero, sen secerno et eligo.
He begins with the last day of the month, which he names
not a day of any good or bad influence, but being, as it were,
their term day, in which their business in law was attended ;
and that not lasting all the day, he adviseth to spend the rest
of it in disposing the next month's labours. Of the rest he
makes difference, showing which are unfortunate, and which
auspicious, and are so far to be observed as natural cause is to
be given for them ; for it were madness not to ascribe reason
to Nature, or to make that reason so far above us, that we
cannot know by it what is daily in use with us, all being for
our cause created of God ; and therefore the differences of
days arise in some part from the aspects, quibus luna intuetur
solem, nam quadrati aspectus dent pugam natural cum morbo.

202 HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS.

First, the First day in which the moon doth move
With radiance renew'd ; and then the Fourth ;
The Seventh day next, being first in sacred worth,
For that day did Latona bring to light 15

The gold-sword-wearing Sun ; next then the Eighth
And Ninth are good, being both days that retain
The moon's prime strength t 5 instruct the works of men.
The 'Leventh and Twelfth are likewise both good days ;
The Twelfth yet far exceeds the 'Leventh's repair, 2a
For that day hangs the spinner in the air,
And weaves up her web ; so the spinster all
Her rock then ends, exposing it to sale.
So Earth's third housewife, the ingenious ant,
On that day ends her mole-hills' cure of want. 25

The day herself in their example then
Tasking her fire, and bounds her length to men.

The Thirteenth day take care thou sow no seed,
To plant yet 'tis a day of special speed.
The Sixteenth day plants set prove fruitless still, 80

To get a son 'tis good, a daughter ill,
Nor good to get, nor give in nuptials.

12 ILp&Tov evrj, primum novilunium, which is called sacred,
nam omnia initia sacra ; the fourth likewise he calls sacredy
quia eo die prodit a coitu Lwna, primtimque turn conspicitur.

16 'Oydo&ry. The second and fifth day let pass, and sixth,
ut mediis, he comes to the eighth and ninth, which in their
increasing he terms truly profitable, nam humores alit cres-
centia lima.

19 'EvdeKdTT]. The tenth let pass, the eleventh and twelfth
he praises diversely, because the moon beholds the sun then
in a triangular aspect, which is ever called benevolent.

32 Our' dp ya/jLov, neque nuptiis tradendis. The sixteenth
day, he says, is neither good to get a daughter, nor to wed
her, quia a plenilunio coapit ja?n humor deficere ; he says it is
good to get a son in, nam ex humido semine fcemeUce, ex sic--
ciore pueili nascuntur.

HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 203

Nor in the Sixth day any influence falls

To fashion her begetting, confluence,

But to geld kids and lambs, and sheep-cotes fence, 35 *

It is a day of much benevolence ;

To get a son it good effects affords,

And loves to cut one's heart with bitter words ;

And yet it likes fair speeches, too, and lies,

And whispering out detractive obloquies. 40 ~

The Eighth the bellowing bullock lib and goat ;
The Twelfth the labouring mule. But if of note
For wisdom, and to make a judge of laws,
To estimate and arbitrate a cause.

Thou wouldst a son get, the great Twentieth day 4s

Consort thy wife, when full the morn's broad ray
Shines through thy windows; for that day is fit
To form a great and honourable wit.
The Tenth is likewise good to get a son ;
Fourteenth a daughter; then lay hand upon 5a "

The colt, the mule, and horn-retorted steer,
And sore-bit mastiff, and their forces rear
To useful services. Be careful, then,
The Four-and-twentieth day (the bane of men,

38 Keprofios, cor alicui scindens.

41 [Lib — castrate.]

43 "I(7To/)a (pwra, prudentum virum judicem, sen arbitrwn,
quod eos cognaros esse oporteat rei de qua agitur. He calls it
the great twentieth, because it is the last iirjvbs /xeo-ovvrosy
which is of the middle decad of the month ; diebus rod cpdivovros,
or days of the dying moon immediately following.

50 Terpas. The fourteenth is good to get a daughter, be-
cause the moon then abounds in humours, and her light is-
more gelid and cold, her heat more temperate ; and there-
fore he says it is good likewise to tame beasts in, since then,
by the abundance of* humours, they are made more gentle,
and consequently easier tamed.

54 Terpad. He calls this day so baneful, because of the

204 HJSSIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS.

Hurling amongst them) to make safe thy state,

Tor 'tis a day of death insatiate.

The Fourth day celebrate thy nuptial-feast,

All birds observ'd. that fit a bridal fyest.

All Fifth days to effect affairs in fly,

Being all of harsh and horrid quality ;

For then all vengeful spirits walk their round,

And haunt men like their handmaids, to confound

Their faithless peace, whose plague Contention got.

The Seventeenth day what Ceres did allot

Thy barns in harvest (since then view'd with care)

Upon a smooth floor let the vinnoware

Dight and expose to the opposed gale ;

Then let thy forest-feller cut thee all

Thy chamber fuel, and the numerous parts

Of naval timber apt for shipwrights' arts.

The Four-and-twentieth day begin to close

Thy ships of leak. The Ninth day never blows

Least ill at all on men. The Nineteenth day

Yields (after noon yet) a more gentle ray,

Auspicious both to plant, and generate

opposition of sun and the moon, and the time then being,
that is, between the old and new moon, are hurtful for
bodies ; such as labour with choleric diseases, most languish
then ; those with phlegmatic, contrary.

59 UefjLTTcts. He warns men to fly all fifth da}^?, that is
the fifth, the fifteenth, and the five-and-twentieth, because all
vengeful spirits he affirms then to be most busy with men.

64 The seventeenth day he think eth best to winnow, or
dight corn, a pltnilunio, because about that time winds are
; stirred up and the air is drier.

66 [Vinnoware — winnower.]

72 Upwriarrj eivas, prima nova. That is from the beginning
of the month, he calls harmless, propter geminum aspectum,
. cum sol abest a signis.

HESIOD r S BOOK OF DAYS. 205*

Both sons and daughters ; ill to no estate.

But the Thrice-Nine day's goodness few men know,

Being best day of the whole month to make flow

Both wine and corn- tuns, and to curb the force

Of mules and oxen and the swift-hoov'd horse ; 80

And then the well-built ship launch. But few men

Know truth in anything, or where or when

To do, or order, what they must do, needs,

Days differencing with no more care than deeds.

The Twice-Seventh day for sacred worth exceeds. 85

But few men when the Twentieth day is past,

Which is the best day (while the morn doth last

In her increasing power, though after noon

Her grace grows faint) approve or end that moon

With any care ; man's life most priz'd is least, 90

Though lengthless spent as endless, fowl and beast

Far passing it for date. For all the store

Of years man boasts, the prating crow hath more

By thrice three lives ; the long-liv'd stag four parts

Exceeds the crow's time ; the raven's age the hart's 95

Triples in durance ; all the raven's long date

The phoenix ninefold doth reduplicate ;

Yet Nymphs (the blest Seed of the Thunderer)

Ten lives outlasts the phoenix. But prefer

76 Proverb, nullus dies omnino mains.

81 ILavpoL. He says few observe these differences of days,
and as few know or make any difference betwixt one day
and another.

89 He says few approve those days, because these cause
most change of tempests and men's bodies in the beginning
of the last quarter.

90 All this, and the lives of fowls, is cited out of this author
by Plutarch, not being extant in the common copy.

206 HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS.

Good life to long life ; and observe these days 10 °

That must direct it, being to all men's ways

Of excellent conduct; all the rest but sounds

That follow falls, mere vain and have no grounds ;

But one doth one day praise, another other,

Few knowing the truth. This day becomes a mother,

The next a stepdame. But, be man still one, 106

That man a happy angel waits upon,

Makes rich and blessed, that through all these days

Is knowingly employ'd ; in all his ways

(Betwixt him and the Gods) goes still unblam'd ; 110

All their fore warnings and suggestions fram'd

To their obedience, being directly view'd ;

All good endeavour'd and all ill eschew'd.

102 Al' Be fxkv Tj/bLepaL, et hce quidem dies hominibus sunt magna
commodo. The epilogue of the teacher ; in all days is to be
considered what religion commands, and then what riseth
.out of natural causes.

THE END OF HESIOD'S WORKS AND DAYS.

M U S M U S.

THE

DIVINE

POEM OF
MUS^US.

Firji of all Bookes.

TRANSLATED

According to the Ori-
ginall

By Geo : Chapman.

LONDON

*j[ Printed by Ifaac
laggard. 1 6 1 6.

TO THE MOST GENERALLY INGENIOUS, AND

OUR ONLY LEARNED ARCHITECT, MY

EXCEEDING GOOD FRIEND,

inigo jones esquire,

SURVEYOR OF HIS MAJESTY'S WORKS.

NCIENT Poesy, and ancient Architec-
ture, requiring to their excellence a like
creating and proportionable rapture, and
|| being alike overtopt by the monstrous
Babels of our modern barbarism, their unjust ob-
scurity letting no glance of their truth and dignity
appear but to passing few, to passing few is their
least appearance to be presented. Yourself then being
a chief of that few by whom both are apprehended,
and their beams worthily measured and valued, this
little light of the one I could not but object, and pub-
lish to your choice apprehension ; especially for your
most ingenuous love to all works in which the ancient
Greek Souls have appeared to you. No less esteeming
this worth the presenting to any Greatest, for the small-
ness of the work, than the Author himself hath been
held therefore of the less estimation; having obtained
as much preservation and honor as the greatest of others;

212

the smallness being supplied with so greatly-excellent
invention and elocution. Nor lacks even the most
yonngly-enamoured affection it contains a temper grave
enough to become both the sight and acceptance of the
Gravest. And therefore, howsoever the mistaking world
takes it (whose left hand ever received what I gave with
my right) if you freely and nobly entertain it, I obtain
my end; your judicious love's continuance being my
only object. To which I at all parts commend

Your ancient poor friend,

George Chapman,

TO THE COMMUTE READER

HEIST you see Leander and Hero, the
subjects of this Pamphlet, I persuade
myself your prejudice will increase to the
contempt of it; either headlong pre-
supposing it all one, or at no part matchable, with that
partly excellent Poem of Maister Marloe's. For your
all one, the Works are in nothing alike; a different
character being held through both the style, matter,
and invention. For the match of it, let but your eyes
be matches, and it will in many parts overmatch it.
In the Original, it being by all most learned the in-
comparable Love-Poem of the world. And I would
be something sorry you could justly tax me with doing
it any wrong in our English ; though perhaps it will
not so amble under your seisures and censures, as the
before published.

Let the great comprehenders and unable utterers
of the Greek elocution in other language drop under
their unloadings, how humbly soever they please, and
the rather disclaim their own strength, that my weak-
ness may seem the more presumptuous ; it can impose
no scruple the more burthen on my shoulders, that I
will feel; unless Reason chance to join arbiter with

214

Will, and appear to me ; to whom I am ever prostrateljr
subject. And if envious Misconstruction could once
leave tyrannizing over my infortunate Innocence, both
the Charity it argued would render them that use it
the more Christian, and me industrious, to hale out of
them the discharge of their own duties.

of Musmrs.

OUT OF THE WORTHY 13. GAGER'S COLLECTIONS.

flJSiEUS was a renowned Greek Poet, born
at Athens, the son of Eumolpus. He
lived in the time of Orpheus, and is said
to be one of them that went the Famous
Voyage to Colclios for the Golden Fleece. He wrote
of the Gods' Genealogy before any other ; and invented
the Sphere. Whose opinion was, that all things were
made of one Matter, and resolved into one again. Of
whose works only this one Poem of Hero and Le-
ancler is extant. Of himself, in his Sixth Book of iEne.
Yirgil makes memorable mention, where in Elysium he
makes Sibylla speak this of him —

Musaeum ante omnes ; medium nam plurima turba
Hunc habet, atque humeris extantem suspicit altis.

He was born in Falerum, a town in the middle of
Tuscia, or the famous country of Tuscany in Italy,
called also Hetruria.

216

OF ABYDUS AND SESTUS.

ABYDUS and Sestus were two ancient Towns ;
one in Europe ; another in Asia ; East and
West, opposite ; on both the shores of the
Hellespont. Their names are extant in Maps to this
day. But in their places are two Castles built, which
the Turks call Bogazossas, that is, Castles situate by the
sea-side. Seamen now call the place where Sestus stood
Malido. It was likewise called Possidonium. But
Abydus is called Auco. They are both renowned in
all writers for nothing so much as the Love of Leander
and Hero.

OF THE HELLESPONT.

|ELLESPOjS t T, the straits of the two seas,
Propontis and Egeum, running betwixt Aby-
dus and Sestus. Over which Xerxes built
a bridge, and joined these two towns together, convey-
in^ over his army of seven hundred thousand men. It
is now called by some The Straits of GallipoUs ; but
by Frenchmen, Flemings, and others, The Arm of
Saint George. It had his name Hellespont, because
Helle the daughter of Athamas K. of Thebes was drowned
in it. And therefore of one it is called The Virgin-
Jailing Sea; of another The Virgin-Sea. It is but
seven Italian furlongs broad, which is one of our miles
lacking a furlong.

MUS^EUS,

OF HEEO AND LEANDER.

jODDESS, relate tlie -witness-bearing light
Of Loves, that would not bear a human

sight;
The Sea-man that transported marriages,
Shipt in the night, his bosom plowing th' seas ;
The love joys that in gloomy clouds did fly °

The clear beams of th' immortal Morning's eye ;
Abydus and fair Sestus, where I hear
The night-hid Nuptials of young Hero were ;
Leander's swimming to her ; and a Light,
A Light that was administress of sight
To cloudy Venus, and did serve {l t' address
Night- wedding Hero's nuptial offices ;
A Light that took the very form of Love ;
Which had been justice in ethereal Jove,
When the nocturnal duty had been done,
T' advance amongst the consort of tlie Sun,
And call the b Star that Nuptial Loves did guide,
And to the Bridegroom gave and grac'd the Bride,
Because it was ° companion to the death

10

Of L

lOves,

1 whose kind cares cost their dearest breath; 2C

And that e fame-freighted ship from ship wrack kept

218 MUSJ8US, OF

That such sweep nuptials brought they never slept,

Till air f was with a bitter flood inflate,

That bore their firm loves as infixt a hate.

But, Goddess, forth, and both one issue sing, 25

The Light extinct, Leander perishing.

Two towns there were, that with one sea were wall'd,
Built near, and opposite ; this Sestus call'd,
Abydus that ; the Love his bow bent high,
And at both Cities let one arrow fly, 30

That two (a Virgin and a Youth) inflam'd :
The youth was sweetly-grac'd Leander nam'd,
The virgin Hero ; Sestus she renowns,
Abydus he, in birth ; of both which towns
Both were the beauty-circled stars ; and both 35

Grac'd with like looks, as with one love and troth.

If that way lie thy course, seek for my sake
A Tower, that Sestian Hero once did make
Her watch-tower, and a torch stood holding there,
By which Leander his sea-course did steer. 4f)

Seek, likewise, of Abydus ancient tow'rs,
The roaring sea lamenting to these hours
Leander's Love and Death. But say, how came
He (at Abydus born) to feel the flame
Of Hero's love at Sestus, and to bind 45

In chains of equal fire bright Hero's mind ?

The graceful Hero, born of gentle blood,
Was Venus' Priest ; and since she understood
No nuptial language, from her parents she
Dwelt in a tow'r that over-look'd the sea. 0(j

For shamef astness and chastity, she reign'd
Another Goddess ; nor was ever train'd

29 The Love — Cupid. Perhaps we should read then Love.

60

HERO AND LEANDER. 219

In women's companies ; nor learn'd to tread

A graceful dance, to which such years are bred.

The envious spites of women she did fly, 55

(Women for beauty their own sex envy)

All her devotion was to Venus done,

And to his heavenly Mother her great Son

Would reconcile with sacrifices ever,

And ever trembled at his flaming quiver.

Yet scap'd not so his fiery shaft's her breast ;

For now the popular Venerean Feast,

Which to Adonis, and great Cypria's State,

The Sestians yearly us'd to celebrate,

Was come ; and to that holy day came all

That in the bordering isles the sea did wall.

To it in flocks they flew ; from Cyprus these,

Environ'd with the rough Carpathian seas ;

These from Hsemonia ; nor remain' d a man

Of all the towns in th' isles Cytherean ;

jSTot one was left, that us'd to dance upon

The tops of odoriferous Libanon ;

Not one of Phrygia, not one of all

The neighbours seated near the Festival ;

Nor one of opposite Abydus' shore ;

None of all these, that virgin's favours wore,

Were absent ; all such fill the flowing way,

When Fame proclaims a solemn holy day,

Not bent so much to offer holy flames,

As to the beauties of assembled dames.

The virgin Hero enter'd th' holy place,
And graceful beams cast round about her face,
Like to the bright orb of the rising Moon.
The top-spheres of her snowy cheeks put on

220 MUS.EUS, OF

A glowing redness, like the two-hued rose

Her odorous hud beginning to disclose.

You would have said, in all her lineaments

A meadow full of roses she presents.

All over her she g blush'd ; which (putting on

Her white robe, reaching to her ankles) shone

(While she in passing did her feet dispose)

As she had wholly been a moving rose.

Graces in numbers from her parts did flow.

The Ancients therefore (since they did not know

Hero's unbounded beauties) falsely feign'd

Only three Graces ; for, when Hero strain'd

Into a smile her priestly modesty,

A hundred Graces grew from either eye.

A fit one, sure, the Cyprian Goddess found

To be her ministress ; and so highly crown'd

With worth her grace was, past all other dames,

That, of a priest made to the Queen of Flames,

A new Queen of them she in all eyes shin'cl ;

And did so undermine each tender mind

•Of all the young men ; and there was not one

But wish'd fair Hero was his wife, or none.

jSor could she stir about the well-built Fane,

This way or that, but every way she wan

A following mind v in all men; which their eyes,

Lighted with all their inmost faculties,

Clearly confirmed ; and one (admiring) said,

" All Sparta I have travell'd, and surveyed

The City Lacedsemon, where we hear

All Beauties' labors and contentions were,

A Woman, yet, so wise and delicate

I never saw. It may be Venus gat

HERO AND LEAN DEE, 221

One of the' younger Graces to supply

The place of priest-hood to her Deity.

Ev'n tir'd I am with sight, yet doth not find

A satisfaction by my sight my mind. m

could I once ascend sweet Hero's bed, &
Let me be straight found in her bosom dead !

1 would not wish to be in heaven a God,
Were Hero here my wife. But, if forbod

To lay profane hands on thy holy priest, 125

Yenus, with another such assist

My nuptial longings." Thus pray'd all that spake ;

The rest their wounds hid, and in frenzies brake ;

Her beauty's fire, being so suppress'd, so rag'd.

But thou, Leander, more than all engag'd, 13(>

Wouldst not, when thou hadst view'd th' amazing Maid,

Waste with close stings, and seek no open aid,

But, with the naming arrows of her eyes

Wounded un wares, thou wouldst in sacrifice

Vent th' inflammation thy burnt blood did prove, 135

Or live with sacred med'cine of her love.

But now the love-brand in his eye-beams burn'd,
And with unconquered fire his heart was turn'd
Into a coal ; together wrought the flame.
The virtuous beauty of a spotless dame 140

Sharper to men is than the swiftest shaft ;
His eye the way by which his heart is caught,
And, from the stroke his eye sustains, the wound
Opens within, and doth his entrails sound.
Amaze then took him, Impudence and Shame 145

Made earthquakes in him with their frost and flame.
His heart betwixt them toss'd, till Reverence
Took all these prisoners in him : and from thence

222 MUSJEUS, OF

Her matchless beauty, with astonishment,

Xncreas'd his bands ; till aguish Love, that lent u

Shame and Observance, licens'd their remove;

And, wisely liking impudence in love,

Silent he went, and stood against the Maid,

And in side glances faintly he convey 'd

His crafty eyes about her ; with dumb shows Jt

Tempting her mind to error. And now grows

She to conceive his subtle flame, and joy'd

Since he was graceful. Then herself employ'd

Her womanish cunning, turning from him quite

Her lovely count'nance ; giving yet some light, u

Even by her dark signs, of her kindling fire,

With up and down-looks whetting his desire.

He joy'd at heart to see Love's sense in her,

And no contempt of what he did prefer.

And while he wish'd unseen to urge the rest, u

The day shrunk down her beams to lowest West,

And East ; h the Even-Star took vantage of her shade.

Then boldly he his kind approaches made,

And as he saw the russet clouds increase,

He strain'd her rosy hand, and held his peace, Yt

But sigh'd as silence had his bosom broke.

When she, as silent, put on anger's cloke,

And drew her hand back. He, discerning well

Her i would and would not, to her boldlier fell;

And her elaborate robe, with much cost wrought, r '

About her waist embracing, on he brought

His love to th' in-parts of the reverend Fane ;

She (as her love-sparks more and more did wane)

Went slowly on, and, with a woman's words

Threat'ning Leander, thus his boldness bords : 3 *

HERO AND LEANDER. 223

" Why Stranger, are you k mad % Ill-fated man,
Why hale you thus a virgin Sestian?
Keep on your way. Let go, fear to offend
The noblesse of my birth-right's either friend.
It ill becomes you to solicit thus 185

The priest of Venus. Hopeless, dangerous,
The l barr'd up way is to a virgin's bed."
Thus, for the maiden form, she menaced.
But he well-knew, that when these female m mines
Break out in fury, they are certain signs 190

Of their persuasions. Women's threats once shown,
Shows in it only all you wish your own.
And therefore of the rubi-colour'd maid
The odorous neck he with a kiss assay 'd,
And, stricken with the sting of love, he pray'd : 195

" Dear Venus, next to Venus you must go ;
And next Minerva, trace Minerva too ;
Your like with earthy dames no light can show ;
To Jove's Great Daughters I must liken you.
Blest was- thy great begetter ; blest was she 200

W T hose womb did bear thee ; but most blessedly
The womb itself fare that thy throes did prove.
O ! hear my prayer ! Pity the need of Love.
As priest of Venus, practice Venus' rites.
Come, and instruct me in her bed's-delights, 205

It fits not you, a virgin, to vow aids
To Venus' service ; Venus loves no maids.
If Venus' institutions you prefer,
And faithful ceremonies vow to her,
Nuptials and beds they be. If her love binds, 21 °

Love Love's sweet laws, that soften human minds.

184 My birth-right's either friend — i. e. both my parents.

224 MUSJEUS, OF

Make me your servant ; husband, if you pleas'd ;

Whom Cupid with his burning shafts has seiz'd,

And hunted to you, as swift Hermes drave

With his gold-rod Jove's bold son to be slave 21&

To Lydia's sov'reign Virgin ; but for me,

Yenus insulting forc'd my feet to thee,

I was not guided by wise Mercury.

Virgin, you know, when Atalanta fled,

Out of Arcadia, kind Melanion's bed, 2m

Affecting virgin-life, your angry Queen,

Whom first she us'd with a malignant spleen,

At last possest him of her complete heart.

And you, dear love, because I would avert

Your Goddess' anger, I would fain persuade." 225r

With these n love-luring words conformed he made

The maid recusant to his blood's desire,

And set her soft mind on an erring fire.

Dumb she was strook ; and down to earth she threw

Her rosy eyes, hid in vermilion hue, 23( *

Made red with shame. Oft with her foot she rac'd

Earth's upper part ; and oft (as quite ungrac'd)

About her shoulders gather'd up her weed.

All these fore-tokens are that men should speed.

Of a persuaded virgin, to her bed 2S5r

Promise is most given when the least is said.

And now she took in Love's sweet-bitter sting,

Burn'd in a fire that cool'd her surfeiting.

Her beauties likewise strook her friend amaz'd ;

For, while her eyes fixt on the pavement gaz'd, uo '

Love on Leander's looks shew'd fury seiz'd.

ISTever enough his greedy eyes were p]eas'd

To view ° the fair gloss of her tender neck.

HERO AND LEANDER. 225

At last this voice past, and out did break

A ruddy moisture from her bashful eyes : 245

" Stranger, perhaps thy words might exercise

Motion in flints, as well as my soft breast.

Who taught thee words, p that err from East to West

In their wild liberty 1 woe is me !

To this my native soil who guided thee ? 250

All thou hast said is vain ; for how canst thou

(Not to be trusted ; one I do not know)

Hope to excite in me a mixed love ?

; Tis clear, that Law by no means will- approve

Nuptials with us ; for thou canst never gain 255

My parents' graces. If thou wouldst remain

Close on my shore, as outcast from thine own,

Venus will be in darkest corners known.

-Man's tongue is loose to scandal ; loose acts done

In surest secret, in the open sun 2<J0

And every market place will burn thine ears.

But say, What name sustainst thou ? What soil bears

Name of thy country 1 Mine I cannot hide.

My far-spread name is Hero ; I abide

Hous'd in an all-seen tow'r, whose tops'* touch heaven,

Built on a steep shore, that to sea is driven 2UG

Before the City Sestus ; one sole maid

Attending. And this irksome life is laid

By my austere friends' wills on one so young;

No like-year'd virgins near, no youthful throng, 270

To meet in some delights, dances, or so ;

But day and night the windy sea doth throw

Wild murmuring cuffs about our deafned ears."

This said, her white robe hid her cheeks like spheres.

And then (with shame affe.ctecL since she us'd 275

290

226 MUS^EUS, OF

Words that desir'd youths, and her friends accus'd)

She blam'd herself for them, and them for her.

Mean space Leander felt Love's arrow err

Thro' all his thoughts ; devising how he might

Encounter Love, that dar'd him so to fight.

Mind-changing Love wounds men and cures again.

Those mortals over whom he lists to reign,

Th' All-tamer stoops to, in advising how

They may with some ease bear the yoke, his bow.

So our Leander, whom he hurt, he heal'd.

Who having long his hidden fire conceal'd,

And vex'd with thoughts he thirsted to impart,

His stay he quitted with this quickest art :

" Virgin, for thy love I will swim a wave

That ships denies ; and though with fire it rave,

In way to thy bed, all the seas in one

I would despise ; the Hellespont were none.

All nights to swim to one r sweet bed with thee

Were nothing, if when Love had landed me,

All hid in weeds and in Venerean foam,

I brought withal bright Hero's husband home.

Not far from hence, and just against thy town,

Abydus stands, that my birth calls mine own.

Hold but a torch then in thy s heaven-high tow'r,

(Which I beholding, to that starry pow'r

May plow the dark seas, as the Ship of Love)

I will not care to see Bootes move

Down to the sea, nor sharp Orion trail

His never- wet car, but arrive my sail,

Against my country, at thy pleasing shore. 305

But (dear) take heed that no ungentle blore

The torch extinguish, bearing all the light

300

HERO AND LEANDER. 227

By which my life sails, lest I lose thee quite.
Wouldst thou my name know (as thou dost my house)
It is Leander, lovely Hero's spouse." 310

Thus this kind couple their close marriage made,
And friendship ever to he held in shade
(Only hy witness of one nuptial light)
Both vow'd ; agreed that Hero every night
Should hold her torch out ; every night her love 315
The tedious passage of the seas should prove.
The whole even of the watchful nuptials spent,
Against their wills the stern power of constraint
Enforc'd their parting. Hero to her tow'r;
, Leander (minding his returning hour) 320

Took of the turret marks, for fear he fail'd,
And to well-founded broad Abydus sail'd.
All night both thirsted for the secret strife
Of each young-married lovely man and wife ;
And all day after no desire shot home, 325

But that the chamber-decking night were come.
And now Night's sooty clouds clapp'd all sail on,
Fraught all with sleep ; yet took Leander none,
But on th' oppos'd shore of the noisefull seas
The messenger of glitt'ring marriages 330

Look'd wishly for ; or rather long'd to see
The witness of their Light to misery,
Far off discover'd in their covert bed.
When Hero saw the blackest curtain spred
That veil'd the dark night, her bright torch she shew'd.
Whose light no sooner th' eager Lover view'd, 33( >

But Love his blood set on as bright a fire ;
Together burn'd the torch and his desire.
But hearing of the sea the horrid roar,

228 MUSjEUS, OF

With which the tender air the mad' waves tore, m

At first he trembled ; but at last he rear'd

High as the storm his spirit, and thus cheer'd

(Using these words to it) his resolute mind :

" Love dreadful is ; the Sea with nought inclin'd :

But Sea is water, outward all his ire ; 345r

When Love lights his fear with an inward fire.

Take fire, my heart, fear nought that flits and raves,

Be Love himself to me, despise tbese waves.

Art thou to know that Venus' birth was here 1

Commands the sea, and all that grieves us there 1 " 35 °

This said, his fair limbs of his weed he stript ;

Which, at his head with both hands bound, he shipt,

Leapt from the shore, and cast into the sea

His lovely body ; thrusting all his way

Up to the torch, that still he thought did call ; 355

He oars, he steerer, he the ship and all.

Hero advanc'd upon a tow'r so high,

As soon would lose on it the fixedst eye ;

And, like her Goddess Star, with her light shining,

The winds, that always (as at her repining) 3C0

Would blast her pleasures, with her veil she checkt,

And from their envies did her torch protect.

And this she never left, till she had brought

Leander to the havenful shore he sought.

When down she ran, and up she lighted then, 365

To her tow'r's top, the weariest of men.

First at the gates (without a syllable us'd)

She hugg'd her panting husband, all diffus'd

With foamy drops still stilling from his hair.

Then brought she him into the inmost fair 37<>

Of all, her virgin- chamber, that (at best)

HERO AND L BANDER. 229

Was with her beauties ten times better drest.

His body then she cleans'd ; his body oil'd

With rosy odours, and his bosom (soil'd

With the unsavoury sea) she render'd sweet 375

Then, in the high-made bed (ev'n panting yet)

Herself she pour'd about her husband's breast,

And these words utter'd : " With too much unrest,

husband, you have bought this little peace !

Husband ! No other man hath paid th' increase 380

Of that huge sum of pains you took for me.

And yet I know, it is enough for thee

To suffer for my love the fishy savours

The working sea breaths. Come lay all thy labors

On my all-thankful bosom." All this said, 385

He straight ungirdled her ; and both parts paid

To Yenus what her gentle statutes bound.

Here weddings were, but not a musical sound ;

Here bed-rites offer'd, but no hymns of praise,

Nor poet sacred wedlock's worth did raise. 390

No torches gilt the honor'd nuptial bed,

Nor any youths much-moving dances led. '

No father, nor no reverend mother, sung

Hymen, Hymen, blessing loves so young.

But when the consummating hours had crown'd 395

The down-right nuptials, a calm bed was found ;

Silence the room flxt ; Darkness deckt the bride \

But hymns and such rites far were laid aside.

Night was sole gracer of this nuptial house ;

Cheerful Aurora never saw the spouse 40 °

In any beds that were too broadly known,

Away he fled still to his region,

And breath'd insatiate of the absent Sun.

230 MUSJEUS, OP

Hero kept all this from her parents still,
Her priestly weed was large, and would not fill,
A maid by day she was, a wife by night ;
Which both so lov'd they wish'd it never light.
And thus both, hiding the strong need of love,
In Venus' secret sphere rejoic'd to move.
But soon their joy died ; and that still- toss'd state
Of their stol'n nuptials drew but little date.
For when the frosty Winter kept his justs,
Housing together all the horrid gusts
That from the ever-whirling pits arise,
And those weak deeps that drive up to the skies,
Against the drench' d foundations making knock
Their curled foreheads ; then with many a shock
The winds and seas met, made the storms aloud
Beat all the rough sea with a pitchy cloud.
And then the black bark, buffeted with gales,
Earth checks so rudely that in two it falls ;
The seaman flying winter's faithless sea.
Yet, brave Leander, all this bent at thee
Could not compell in thee one fit of fear ;
But when the cruel faithless messenger 425

(The tow'r) appear 'd and shew'd th' accustom'd light,
It stung thee on, secure of all the spite
The raging sea spit. But since Winter came,
Unhappy Hero should have cool'd her flame,
And lie without Leander, no more lighting 430 *

Her short-liv'd bed-star ; but strange Fate exciting
As well as Love, and both their pow'rs combin'd
Enticing her, in her hand never shin'd
The fatal Love-torch^ but this one hour, more.
Night came. And now the Sea against the shore 435>

420'

HERO AND LEANDER. 231

Muster' d her winds up ; from whose wint'ry jaws

They belch'd their rude breaths out in bitt'rest flaws.

In midst of which Leander, with the pride

Of his dear hope to bord his matchless bride,

Up on the rough back of the high sea leaps ; 44d

And then waves thrust up waves ; the watry heaps

Tumbled together ; sea and sky were mixt ;

The fighting Winds the frame of Earth unfixt ;

Zephyr and Eurus flew in either's face,

Notus and Boreas wrastler-like embrace, 445

And toss each other with their bristled backs.

Inevitable were the horrid cracks

The shaken Sea gave ; ruthful were the wracks

Leander suffer'd in the savage gale

Th' inexorable whirlpits did exhale. 450

Often he pray'd to Venus born of seas,

Neptune their King ; and Boreas, that t' would please

His Godhead, for the Nymph Atthea's sake,

Not to forget the like stealth he did make

For her dear love, touch' D then with his sad state. 455

But none would help him ; Love compels not Fate.

Every way toss'd with waves and Air's rude breath

Justling together, he w 7 as crush'd to death.

No more his youthful force his feet commands,

Unmov'd lay now his late all-moving hands. 4G0

His throat was turn'd free channel to the flood,

And drink went down that did him far from good.

No more the false light for the curst wind burn'd,

That of Leander ever-to-be-mourn'd

Blew out the love and soul. When Hero still 4(55

Had watchful eyes, and a most constant will

To guide the voyage ; and the morning shin'd,

232 MUSJSUS, OF HERO AND LEANDER.

Yet not by her light she her love could find.
She stood distract with miserable woes,
And round about the sea's broad shoulders throws
Her eye, to second the extinguish'd light ;
And tried if any way her husband's sight
Erring in any part she could descry.
When at her turret's foot she saw him lie
Mangl'd with rocks, and all-embrued, she tore
About her breast the curious weed she wore;
And with a shriek from off her turret's height
Cast her fair body headlong, that fell right
On her dead husband, spent with him her breath ;
And each won other in the worst of death.

ANNOTATIONS UPON THIS POEM OF
MUS^EUS.

Ver. 11. a Ta/jiocrr6\os signifies one qui nuptias apparat vel
instruit.

17. h ~Nv[Mpo<TT6\ov dcrrpov £pd)Tui>. l^vjuLcpoaroXos est qui
sponsam sponso adducit seu conciliat.

19. c ~ZvvepL6os, socius in aliquo opere.

20. d 'Epcojuaveotv odvvdwv. 'J&poojulclvtjs signifies perdiie
amans, and therefore I enlarge the verbal translation.

21. e, Ayye\iy]v 5' icpiuka^ev aKoifArjTcov, k. t. X. 'AyyeXia, be-
sides what is translated in the Latin res est nuntiata, item man-
datum, a nuntio perlatum, itemfama, and therefore I translate it
fame-freighted ship, because Leander calls himself oXkos tyuros,
which is translated navis amoris, though oXkos properly signifies
sulcus, or tractus navis, vel serpentis, vel oetherece sagittce, &c.

23. f 'E%#/)dz> arjTTjv. "Ex&os, "E%#pa, and 'E%0/)6s are of
one signification, or have their deduction one ; and seem to be
deduced airb rod exeadac, i. hcerere. Ut sit odium quod animo
inflxuni hceret. For odium is by Cicero defined ira inveteraia.
I have therefore translated it according to this deduction,
because it expresses better; and taking the wind for the
fate of the wind ; which conceived and appointed before,
.makes it as inveterate or infixed.

89. s XpoLTjv yap jxekewv epvOalvero, colore enim membrorum
rubebat. A most excellent hyperbole, being to be understood
she blushed all over her. Or, then follows another elegancy,
as strange and hard to conceive. The mere verbal translation
..of the Latin being in the sense either imperfect, or utterly in-

234 ANNOTATIONS ON THIS

elegant, which I must yet leave to your judgment, for your
own satisfaction. The words are^ —

'Nl<TCTO}l£y7)S 8e

Kat poda XevKoxtrwos virb <r<pvpa \d/j.7rero Kotipws.

Euntis vero
Etiam tosce Candida indutm tunica sub talis splendebant puellce.

To understand which, that her white weed was all underlined'
with roses, and that they shined out of it as she went, is passing"
poor and absurd ; and as gross to have her stuck all over with
roses. And therefore to make the sense answerable in heighth
and elegancy to the former, she seemed (blushing all over her
white robe, even below her ankles as she went) a moving rose,
as having the blush of many roses about her.

167. k *Ave(f>aive fiaOvaiaos ecrirepos aarrip. Apparuit umbrosa
Hesperus Stella. E regione is before ; which I English "And
east ; the Even-star took vantage of her shade, viz. of the evening
shade, which is the cause that stars appear.

174. i Xa\i(ppova veti/mara k. instabilis nutus puellce. I Eng-
lish her would and would not. Xa\t<ppcov, 6 x«*Ats rds <ppevas,
signifying cui mens laxata est et enerva ; and of extremity
therein aniens, demens. XaXtcppoveu, sum xaAi<£pw*>.

181. k Demens sum — she calls him dticrfiope, which signifies 7
cui difficile fatum obtingit ; according to which I English it, in-
felix (being the word in the Latin) not expressing so particularly,
because the unhappy in our language hath divers understand-
ings, as waggish or subtle, &c. And the other well expressing'
an ill abodement in Hero of his ill or hard fate ; imagining
straight the strange and sudden alteration in her to be fatal. .

187. l Marpov afirjxwov. HapdeviKTjs going before, it is-
Latined, virginus ad ledum difficile est ire ; but d/j,7}x avos S ^S~
nifies nullis machinis expugnabiiis : the way unto a virgin's bed
is utterly -barred.

189. m Ki>7rpt5iW dapwv avrdyyeXoi elcriv cbreiAcu'. Vene-
rearum consuetudinum per se nuntice sunt minm; exceeding ele-
gant. AvrdyyeXos signifying qui sibi nuntius est, id est, qui
sine aliorum opera sua ipse nuntiat ; according to which I have
Englished it. "Oapes, lusus venerei. 'AirecXal also, which sig-
nifies minai, having a reciprocal signification in our tongue,
being Englished mines. Mines, as it is privileged amongst us,
being English, signifying mines made under the earth. I

POEM OF MUSJEUS, 235

have passed it with that word, being fit for this place in that
understanding.

226. n 'EpuroTOKOKTL fiijdoLS, ipuTOTOKos crap!-, corpus amovem
pariens et alliciens, according to which I have turned it.

243. °*Aira\6xpoov avx&a. 'AiraXoxpoos signifies qui tenerd
et delicatd est cute ; tenerum therefore not enough expressing?
I have enlarged the expression as in his place.

248. P ILoXvirXaveuv eireuv is turned variorum verborum,
7ro\v7r\av7]s signifying multivagus, erroneus, or errorum plenus,
intending that sort of error that is in the planets ; of whose
wandering they are called TrXavijres acrrepes, sidera errantia.
So that Hero taxed him for so bold a liberty in words, as
erred toto coelo from what was fit, or became the youth of one
so graceful ; which made her break into the admiring ex-
clamation, that one so young and gracious should put on so
experienced and licentious a boldness, as in that holy temple
encouraged him to make love to her.

265. <i Ao/uLos ovpavofi'fiXTjs. It is translated domo altissimd ;
but because it is a compound, and hath a grace superior to the
others in his more near and verbal conversion, ovpavofxrjKTjs
signifying ccdum proceritate tangens, I have so rendered it.

293. r 'Typos clkoIt7]s, translated madidus maritus, when as
&kolt7)s is taken here for 6fjt,oKoiT7]s, signifying unum et idem
cubile habens, which is more particular and true.

299. s 'HXt/3dro^ <reo irtipyov, &c. 'KXlftaros signifies jam
alius aut profundus ut ab ejus accessu aberres, intending the
tower upon which Hero stood.

JUVENAL.

A JUST REPROOFE

OF A

Romane Smell-Feaft:

BEING THE FIFTH SATYRE OF

JUVENAL.

Translated by George Chapman.

Imprinted at London by Tho. Harper
M D C. XXIX.

TO THE RIGHT VIRTUOUS AND WORTHILY
HONOURED GENTLEMAN,
EICHAED HUBERT, ESQUIRE.

Sir,

j;REAT works get little regard; little and
light are most affected with height ; omne
leve sursum, grave deorsum, you know ;
for which, and because custom or fashion
is another nature, and that it is now the fashion to justify
strange actions, I (utterly against mine own fashion)
followed the vulgar, and assaid what might be said for
the justification of a strange action of Nero in burying
with a solemn funeral one of the cast hairs of his mistress
Poppea. And not to make little labours altogether un-
worthy the sight of the great, I say with the great de-
fender of little labours, In tenui labor est, at tenuis non
gloria. Howsoever, as seamen seeing the approaches
of whales, cast out empty vessells, to serve their harm-
ful pleasures, and divert them from everting their main
adventure (for in the vast and immane power of any
thing, nothing is distinguished; great and precious
things, basest and vilest, serve alike their wild and un-
wildy swings) ; so myself, having yet once more some
worthier work than this oration, and following translation,

242

to pass this sea of the land, expose to the land and
vulgar Leviathan these slight adventures. The rather,
because the translation containing in two or three in-
stances a preparation to the justification of my ensuing
intended* translations, lest some should account them,
as they have my former conversions in some places,
licenses, bold ones, and utterly redundant. Though your
judicial self (as I have heard) hath taken those liberal
redundances rather as the necessary overflowings of
Nilus, than rude or harmful torrents swoln with head-
strong showers. To whose judgement and merit sub-
mits these, and all his other, services

George Chapman.

* It would seem from this that Chapman intended other
translations. None, however, have been printed.

TO THE KEADER.

JECAUSE, in most opinions of translation,
a most asinine error hath gotten ear and
head, that men must attempt it as a mas-
tery in rendering any original into other
language, to do it in as few words, and the like order,
I thought it not amiss in this poor portion of translation
to pick out, like the rotten out of apples if you please
so to repute it, a poor instance or two that endeavour to
demonstrate a right in the contrary ; and the rather I
take this course, ocularily to present you with example
of what I esteem fit to save the liberty and dialect of
mine own language, because there are many valetudi-
naries that never know the goodness of their stomach
till they see meat afore them.

Where, therefore, the most worthy Satirist describes
the differences of pages that attend the lord and the
guests at the table, and expresses the disdain of the lord's
page to attend his guest, bespeaks for his pride thus :- —

sed forma sed astas

Digna supercilio.

Which I take out with this bold one : And to say truth
Ms form and prime beside may ivell allow him some few
grains of pride. To speak truth is too much, you say ;
I confess it in policy, but not in force and honest poesy.

244

In the other, the words are utterly altered. It should be
so, to avoid verbal servitude; but the sense I might
wish my betters could render no worse. It follows,
where he sets down the difference betwixt the lord's
bread and the guests' ; where he hath played upon the
coarseness and mustiness of the guests' pantry, he dif-
ferences his lord's thus : —

Sed tener et niveus, mollique siligine factus,
Servatur domino.

Which I thus :—

But for his bread, the pride of appetite,
Tenderly soft, incomparably white,
The first flow'r of fine meal subdu'd in paste,
That's a peculiar for my lord's own taste.

this, you will say, is a bold one ; which 1 am too
bashful to answer otherwise than thus, that here the
purest bread affects a fall description ; which I amplify-
ing no more than is needful for the full facture of it,
if I be overflowing, my author is arid ; but who would
not greedily here have fallen upon snowy, it lying so
fair for him 1 put soft faithfully in his proper place ; and
would ever have dreamed of subdued in paste, because
it was not put in his mouth ? And I hope it will seem
no over-broad bold one, to enter where the purest bread
out of industry should make his expected apparance.
A number more out of this of no number I could in-
stance, that would trouble men made of greatest number
to imitate. But all mastery hath his end, to get great
men to commend. It is the outward not the inward
virtue that prevails. The candlestick more than the
candle is the learning with which blind Fortune useth
to prefer her favourites. And who, but the spawns
of candlesticks (men of most lucubration for name) win

245

the day from such dormice as wake sleeping ; and rest
only in those unprofitable and abhorred knowledges, that
no man either praises or acknowledges.

Me dulcis saturet quies. Leni perfruar ocio.
Ignotus omnibus. Cognitus egomet mihi.

Quite opposite to your admired and known learned man :
Qui notus nimis omnibus, Ignotus moritur sibi. And so
shall know nothing either in life or death when every
truly learned man's knowledge especially begins. Your
servant.

D. JUNII JUVENALIS.

LIB. I. SAT. V.

TO TEEBIUS. LABOURING TO BRING HIM IN DISLIKE

OF HIS CONTINUED COURSE OP FREQUENTING

THE TABLE OF VIRRO, A GREAT *

LORD OF ROME.

JF, of thy purpose yet, thou tak'stno shame,.
But keep'st thy mind, immutably, the

same,
That thou esteem'st it as a good in chief
At others' trenchers to relieve thy life ;
If those things thou can's t find a back to bear, 5

That not Sarmentus nor vile Galba were
So base to put in patience of a guest,
No, not for Caesar's far-exceeding feast ;
Fear will affect me to believe thy troth
In any witness, though produc'd by oath ;
For nothing in my knowledge falls that is
More frugal than the belly. But say this,
That not enough food all thy means can find,
To keep thy gut from emptiness and wind,
Is no creek void 1 No bridge ? No piece of shed
Half, or not half ? Would thy not being fed
At Yirro's table be so foul a shame ?

10

D. J UN II JUVENALIS. U7

Does hunger blow in thee so false a flame,

As not to taste it nobler in as poor

And vile a place as hath been nam'd before ? 2(>

To quake for cold, and gnaw the mustiest grounds

Of barley-griest, bak'd purposely for hounds 1

Eirst, take it for a rule, that if my lord

Shall once be pleas'd to grace thee with his board,

The whole revenues that thy hopes inherit, 25

Rising from services of ancient merit,

In this requital amply paid will prove.

'tis the fruit of a transcendent love

To give one victuals ; that thy table-king

Lays in thy dish though ne'er so thin a thing, 3(>

Yet that reproach still in thine ears shall ring.

If, therefore, after two months' due neglect,

He deigns his poor dependant to respect,

And lest the third bench fail to fill the rank,

He shall take thee up to supply the blank. y5

i Let's sit together Trebius,' says my lord ;

Sees all thy wishes summ'd up in a word.

What canst thou ask at Jove's hand after tins'?

This grace to Trebius enough ample is

To make him start from sleep before the lark, 40

Posting abroad untruss'd, and in the dark,

Perplex'd with fear, lest all the servile-rout

Of his saluters have the round run-out

Before he come ; while yet the fixed star

Shows his ambiguous head, and heaven's cold car 45

The slow Bootes wheel about the Bear.

And yet, for all this, what may be the cheer 1

To such vile wine thy throat is made the sink,

As greasy wool would not endure to drink,

248 D. J UN 1 1 JUVENALIS.

And we must shortly look to see our guest
' Transformed into a Berecynthian priest.
Words make the prologue to prepare the fray,
And in the next scene pots are taught to play
The parts of weapons ; thy red napkin now
Descends to tell thee of thy broken brow ;
And such events do evermore ensue
"When you poor guests and Virro's serving crew
Grow to the heat of such uncivil wars,
The vile wine made the bellows to your jars.
For Yirro's self, the wine he drinks was born
When consuls (Phce bus-like) appear'd unshorn ;
A grape that long since in the wars was prest
By our confederate Marsians, and the rest ;
Of which no drop his longing friend can get
Though blown in fume up with a cardiack fit.
Next day he likes to taste another field,
The Alban hills', or else the Setine yield,
Whose race and rich succession if you ask,
Age hath decay'd, and sickness of the cask ;
Such Thrasea and Helvidius quaff 'd, still crown'd,
When Brutus' birth, and Cassius' they renown'd.
Virro himself in solemn bowls is serv'd,
Of amber and disparent beryl kerv'd ;
But to thy trust no such cup they commit,
Or, if they do, a spy is fix'd to it,
To tell the stones ; whose firm eye never fails
To watch the close walks of thy vulturous nails.
4 Give leave,' says Virro, and then takes the cup,
The famous jasper in it lifting up
In glorious praises ; for 'tis now the guise
Of him and others to transfer such prize

SO

D. JUNII JUVENALIS. 249

Off from his fingers to his bowls that were

Wont to grace swords, and our young Trojan peer

That made Iarbus jealous (since in love

Preferr'd past him by Dido) us'd t' improve sr>

By setting them in fore-front of his sheath.

But thy bowl stands an infinite beneath,

And bears the Beneventane cobbler's name,

Whose gallon drunk-off must thy blood enflame,

And is so craz'd, that they would let it pass 9a

To them that matches give for broken glass.

Now, if by fumes of wine, or fiery meat,

His lordship's stomach over-boil with heat,

There's a cold liquor brought that's made t' outvie

The chill impressions of the north-east sky. 95

I formerly afhrm'd, that you and he

Were serv'd with wines of a distinct degree,

But now remember, it belongs to you

To keep your distance in your water too.

And (in his page's place) thy cups are brought 10 °

By a swarth foot man, from Getulia bought,

■Or some sterv'd negro, whose affrightful sight

Thou wouldst abhor to meet in dead of night

Passing the monuments of Latia.

In his eye waits the flower of Asia, 105

A jewel purchas'd at a higher rate

Than martial Ancus', or king Tullus', state,

(Not to stand long) than all the idle things

That grac'd the courts of all our Roman kings.

If then thy bowl his nectar's store shall need, uo

Address thee to his Indian Ganymed.

"Think not his page, worth such a world, can skill,

•Or does not scorn, for thread-bare coats to fill,

250 D. JUNII JUVENALIS.

And, to say truth, his form and pride beside

May well allow him some few grains of pride. 115

But when does he to what thou want'st descend,

Or thy entreaties not contemn t' attend,

Supply of water craving, hot or cold ?

"No, he, I tell you, in high scorn doth hold

To stir at every stale dependant's call ; 120

Or that thou call'st for anything at all, -

Or sitt'st where he's forc'd stand, his pride depraves.

Houses of state abound with stately slaves.

And see, another's proud disdains resist

His hand to set thee bread ; and yet what is't 125

But hoary cantles of unboulted grist,

That would a jaw-tooth rouse, and not admit,

Though ne'er so base, thy baser throat a bit ?

But for his bread, the pride of appetite,

Tenderly soft, incomparably white, 130

The first flow'r of fine meal subdu'd in paste,

That's a peculiar for my lord's own taste.

See then thou keep'st thy fingers from offence,

And give the pantler his due reverence.

Or say thou shouldst be (malapertly) bold, 185

Seest thou not slaves enough, to force thy hold

From thy attempted prize, with taunts like these,

£ Hands off, forward companion, will you please

With your familiar crible to be fed,

And understand the colour of your bread ? ' 140 "

Then grumbles thy disgrace : ' And is it this
For which so oft I have forborne the bliss

131 See Batrachomyomachia, 53.

134 Pantler — the servant who kept the bread, the pantry.

139 Crible — a finer sort of bran ; seconds' bread.

D. JUNII JUVENALIS. 251

Of my fair wife, to post with earliest speed

Up to Mount Esquiline, where agues breed 1

When my repair did vernal Jove provoke 14)r

To drive his weather through my winter eloke,

And in his bitter'st hails his murmurs broke % '

But let us to our cates our course address :

Observe that lobster serv'd to Yirro's mess,'

How with the length of his extended, limbs 15 ° !

He does surcharge the charger ; how the brims

With lust-full sperage are all over-stor'd ;

With what a tail he over-tops the board,

In service first borne-up betwixt the hands

Of that vast yeoman ! But, for thee, there stands 155

A puny cray-fish, pent in half a shell,

The dish not feast enough for one in hell.

The fish he tastes swims in an oil that grew

In Campany, and drank Venafrian dew.

But, for the worts, poor snake, presented thee, 160

Whose pale aspect shows their infirmity,

They drink an oil much of the curriers' stamp,

Exquisite stuff, that savours of the lamp.

For know, that for your board is billetted

An oil that from the Lybian cane is shed, 3b *

The burthen of a sharp Numidian prow ;

An oil, for whose strength Eomans disavow

To bathe with Boccharis ; an oil whose smell

'Gainst serpents doth an amulet excell,

Next, for my lord, a mullet see serv'd in, m

Sent from the Corsic-shore, or of a fin
Bred in Sicilia's Taurominian rocks ;
All our seas being exhausted, all our flocks
160 jyorts — vegetables, cole-worts.

252 D. JUNII JUVENALIS.

"Spent and destroy'd, while our luxurious diet

Makes havock, and onr kitchens never quiet

.Still with unwearied nets, that no truce keep,

Ransack the entrails of th' adjoining deep ;

Nor respite our Etrurian fry to grow.

And now our markets their chief purveyance owe

To some remote and ditionary coast ;

Thence come the dainties that our kitchens boast ;

Such as to buy the vulture Lenas deigns,

Such as to sell Aurelia entertains.

In mess with that, behold for Yirro lies

A lampre}^ of an exemplary size,

That for dimension bears the prize from all

Which gulphs Sicilian sent his festivall ;

For while the South contains himself, while he

Lies close, and dries his feathers in his lee,

•Our greedy pursenets for their gain despise

The danger that in mid Charybclis lies.

Now, for his lamprey, thou art glad to take
An eel, near cousin to a hideous snake,
Or else a freckled Tiberine, bit with frost,
And he the poorest slave of all the coast,
Fed with the torrent of the common sewer,
And swims the town ditch where 'tis most impure.
Here would I on himself a word have spent,
;So he inelin'd an ear benevolent.
Nor do we such benevolences crave,
As Seneca his mean acquaintance gave ;
Such as good Pi so ; such as Cotta made
To deal for largess ; a familiar trade ;
For times have been, that in the world's account
The title of munificence did mount

D. JUNII JUVENALIS. 25S

Above triumphant or imperial bays.

But our desire in this due limit stays,

That you will make, when you entreat a guest,

Civil respect the steward of your feast.

Do this, and be, as many lords are more, 21(>

Eich to yourself, and to your followers poor.

Before him see a huge goose-liver set ;
A capon cramm'd, even with that goose ; for great
A whole wild boar, hid in his smoking heat,
That gold-lock'd Meleager's dart deserv'd ; 215

And after all this, Virro's self is serv'd
With pure dress'd mushrooms, be the spring then freed,.
And wished thunders make his meals exceed.
And then the gully-gut (Aledius) cries
Lybia, keep with thee thy wheats and ryes, 220 ~

And ease thy oxen, sending these supplies.
And that no indignation want to thee,
(As bound t' observe) the carver thou must see
Dancing about his business ; and he
That teaches him the laws to the true life 225

Of carving comely, with his flying knife
Touching at every joint he carves, before
He dares th' attempt, till not a gesture more
In all his dictates can deserve offence.
Nor must your note fail, how huge difference 2: >°

There is 'twixt the unlacing of your hare,
And hen's dissection. 'Gainst which if you dare
But whisper, like a three-nam'd noble man,
Like Cacus, struck by hands-Herculean,
Thou shalt be by the heels dragg'd forth the place. 235
But when doth Yirro then vouchsafe the grace
To drink to thee 1 Or touch the cup that thou

254 D. J UN II JUVENALIS.

Hast with thy lips profan'd ? Or which of you

So desperate is, so lost, to bid the king

-' Drink to me, sir 1 ' No. There is many a thing 2i0

That thread-bare coats dare not for fear bring forth.

But if some God, or God-like man, or worth

Better than fate, would wealth bestow on thee,

Fit to maintain a knight of Bome's degree,

How huge a piece of man should st thou ascend 245

Eais'd out of nothing ! How much Yirro's friend !

-' Give Trebius.' ' Set to Trebius.' ' Brother (now)

Please you these puddings' taste 1 ' moneys, you

He gives this honour, you these brother are.

Yet notwithstanding, if thou please to share 250

His lordship with him, or become his king,

You must to court no young iEneas bring,

Nor daughter, though his daintier, to be

Play-peers with Yirro's daintiest progeny,

But childless be. A pleasing and dear friend 255

A barren wife makes. But suppose she lend

Thy lap much issue (even at one birth three)

,So thou be rich, Virro will join with thee

In joy of that thy prating progeny ;

And ever when the infant parasite 2G0

Comes to the table, asking his delight,

Virro commands it all his appetite.

To all his cheap priz'd friends, they serve the board

With dangerous toad-stools ; mushrooms for my lord,

But such as Claudius pleas'd to taste, before 205

His wife's gift came that made him taste no more.

Yirro commands for him,. and all the rest
'Of the Virronian rank, fruit of such feast
As thou shalt only in their odour eafc,

D. JUNII JUVENALIS. 255

."Such, as Phseacia's endless autumns sweat, 27 °

Or thou wouldst think got from the golden trees

That grew in guard of the Atlantides ;

Where thou eat'st spaky fruit, of that sour sort

That fresh-train'd soldiers feed on in their fort,

Bestow'd on them in practise of their art 275

At a stuffd goat-skin to bestow a dart,

Fearing for their default the scourge's smart.

Perhaps, for saving cost, thou may'st conceive

That Yirro feeds thee so ? No, 'tis to grieve

Thy greedy liquorous appetite, because 280

There is no comedy of more applause,

Nor any excellentest Zany can

More than a weeping-gut delight a man.

All is then done (if we must teach thine ears)

To make thee purge thy choler by thy tears, 285

And live still gnashing of thy great-eye-teeth.

Thou think'st, he thinks thee free, and not beneath

Guests for his love and grace ; but he knows well

Thee only taken with his kitchen's smell.

Nor thinks amiss ; for who so naked lives, 290

That twice on his entreats attendance gives 1

Vain hope of supping well deceives you all

4 But see ' (say you) ' that half -eat hare will fall

In his gift to our shares ; or of that boar

Some little fragments, that his haunches wore ; 295

Or sure that cap'net.' When, for all prepar'd,

Your musty bread par'd clean, and no bit shar'd

Of all those meats of mark, and long'd-for dishes,

Your vain hopes vanish, and y' are mute as fishes.

273 Spaky — specky, rotten.

296 Cap'net — caponet, little capon.

256 D. J UN II JUVENALIS.

He's wise that serves thee so ;, for if thou can 30a '

Bear all, thou should'st, and he's no unjust man

That lays all on thee, even to stoop thy head

To the fool's razor, and be buffeted ;

"Which if thou do'st, nor let'st thy forage fear

Besides to suffer Yirro's whipping cheer, 305 ~

With all the sharp sauce that he can extend,

Thou'rt worthy such a feast, and such a friend.

FINIS.

PRINTED BY JAMES BELL AT THE PRIORY PRESS r
48, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON, E.C.

A GLOSSARIAL INDEX

THE WHOLE OF CHAPMAN'S CLASSICAL
TRANSLATIONS.

The Editor gives this Index as a valuable adjunct to the live volumes of
the Translations. Explanations are only affixed to such words as seem to
need them. Many words are noted as early instances of their use, and as
not occurring in the ordinary dictionaries. This, it is hoped, will be of some
philological value. One or two references have been thought sufficient.

The abbreviations are — II. for Iliad; Od. for Odyssey ; Bat. for Batra-
chomyomachia ; H. A. for Hymn to Apollo ; H. H. for Hymn to Hermes ;
H. V. for Hymn to Venus ; and the smaller Hymns are generally cited
by the page ; Hes. for Hesiod ; Mus. for Musseus ; and Juv. for Juvenal.

INDEX.

A.

Able (to). II. xxiii. 724

Ablesse. II. v. 248

Abodes = prognostications. II. xiii.

145
Abodes = stays. Od. iii. 471 ; iv. 201
Acceptant (n. s. ) II. vii. arg. 3.
Accited — summoned, roused. II. xi.

595
Accost (to) = approach, draw near. II.

x. 461 ; Od. iv. 418
Addictions = inclinations. II. ii. 60
Address (to) = prepare. II. ii. 24 ; Od.

ii. 586
Addression. II. vi. 371 ; Od. i. 438
Administress. Mus. 10
Admiration = astonishment. II. ix.

194
Admired = wonderful. II. iii. 138
Adviceful II. ix. 87
Advise (to) = notify. Od. xx. 334
Affair = endeavour. II. v. 503
Affects = passions, inclinations. II. i.

209 ; Od. ii. 54
Affect (to) = act upon, move. II. v.

180
Affected = made show of. II. iii. 210.
Affected = loved. II. iii. 368; viii. 318.
Affrightful. Juv. 102
Aidful. II. i. 483
Allowance = approbation. II. ii. 5;

vii. 43
Allowed = approved. II. iii. 12
Amazeful. II. xvii. 658
Ambassadress. II. iii. 126
Ambassage. II. ix. 655

Ambassy. II. v. 806 ; Od. v. 42
Ambuscadoes. II. xviii. 479
Amelled = enamelled. II. xvi. 123
Amendsful. II. iii. 383
Amiable = lovely. II. v. 214
Amorous = ardently desiring. II. ii.

690
Angel = messenger, passim.
Anger (to), v. a. II. vii. arg. 9 ; Od.

xviii. 33.
Annoy (n. s.) = trouble. Od. iv. 131
Apaid (or appaid)^ satisfied. II. v.

143 ; Od. i. 134
Aped = imitated. Bat. 218
Appall (n. s.) = fear. Bat. 440
Apposed = placed. II. ii. 371 ; ix. 95
Appropriates (n. s.) Bat. 184
Approve = prove. II. iii. 110
Apt = ready, fit. II. xvi. 470; Od.

vi. 122
Arbitrement. II. xviii. 456
Arbitry. Od. xi. 738
Areeds = counsels, advises. II. viii. 85
Arew = on a row. II. vi. 259
Argument = example. II. vi. 55
Arras. II. x. 139
Arrasted = carpeted. II. v. 199
Arrive (to) = to cause to arrive. II

xxiv. 299 ; H. A. 684
Arrive = arrival. Od. ii. 379
Arted well = well-made, jointed. II.

xviii. 356
Artfully = dexterously, skilfully. II.

xxiv. 557 ; Od. v. 342
Aspire (to) = to aspire to. II. x. 399
Assay (to) = endeavour. II. ii. 58 ; Od.

ii. 542

260

INDEX.

Assistful. II. v. 119

Assume (to) = take up. Od. xi. 159

Assumpt (n. s.) = that which is

assumed. Od. xvi. 252
A steep = steeped. Od. viii. 237
Atone (to) = make at one. II. xiv.
* 257
Attained = touched, hit. II. xi. 175,

512
Augurous. II. xviii. 191
Authentic = trusty. II. viii. 74
Author (to) = cause. II. v. 70; xi.

441 ; H. A. 99
Avail (n. s.). II. ii. 672
Aversively. H. H. 398
Ayles= beards of corn. II. xx. 211

B.

Bace (to)=to run by. Od. x. 527
Bain = bath. Od. x. 567
Bane = destruction. II. iii. Ill
Banquet (to), v. a. II. xviii. 343
Banquetants. Od. xx. 280
Barbed = caparisoned with armour,

II. xx. 152
Bastardice. II. iii. 319
Battalia. II. xi. 49
Bavins. II. xxi. 344
Beamy. Od. xviii. 300
Beastly = of the nature of beasts. II.

iv. 259
Bedfere = bed-companion. Od. iii.

542
Behave (n, s.) = behaviour. Od. xxii.

545
Beldame. II. iii. 404
Belluine. H. V. 5.
Bent = nod. II. ii. 95
Beray (to) = foul. II. xxi. 379
Bereaven. H. V. 348
Besogne= beggar. Od. Ep. Ded. p. 1.
Better (to). II. xxii. 288
Bever. Od. xvii. 795 (where see note).
Bevy. Od. vi. 115 (where see note) ;

xviii. 284 ; H. A. 312 ; H. V. 71
Bewray (to) = betray. II. xviii. 262;

Od. i. 555
Bid = challenge. II. i. 155
Billeted = placed, disposed. Juv. 164

Blanch (to) = put a fair appearance on,

disguise. II. xii. 223 ; Od. xi. 492
Blame-too. Od. iii. 365 (see note) ;

xxii. 624
Blames. Od. xxiii. 38
Blood = disposition. II. iii. 229; v.

516
Bloody (to). II. xviii. 293
Blore= blast. II. ii. 122; xiv. 330,

&c.
Blore = simply air. Od. iv. 1138
Board (to)=to accost. Od. xv. 500;

xxiv. 191 ; Mus. 439
Boggle (to) = to start. II. x. 420
Bossy. II. xii. 161
Boot = booty. II. xi. 597 ; Od. ix. 630
Boot-haling = foraging for booty. Bat.

187
Boulted = sifted. Bat. 53. Unboulted.

Juv. 126
Bracks = tatters. Od. xvii. 249, 765
Brast. II. xvii. 425 (see note)
Brave (to) = to boast. II. v. Ill
Brave (to) = to challenge. II. xvii. 171
Brave(n.s. )= challenge, boasting speech

II. iii. arg. 3 ; xi. 319
Braver = boaster. II. xi. 342
Brawn = muscle. II. v. 90
Brawn = hog. Od. xiv. 527 ; xx. 253
Bray (to) = yell. II. v. 280 (n.s. ) ; H. to

Diana, p. 113
Bray (to) = beat. II. xxiii. 586
Breach of air. II. x. 159
Breeze = gad-fly. Od. xxii. 387
Broches = spits. H. H. 227
Burgonet. H. to Sun, 13, p. 118
Burly = boisterous. II. xxi. 123
Burthen = birth. II. iii. 258
Butleress. Od. xvii. 346

C.

CADDESSES=daws. II. xvi. 541
Cantles= portions. Od. iii. 625 ; Juv.

126
Caponet = little capon. Juv. 296
Carcanet= chain of jewels. H. A. 150
Careful = anxious. II. vi. 275
Carriages = burdens. II. xxiii. 115

INDEX.

261

Casqued. II. iv. 291. €asque. Od.

xxiv. 305
Cassocks = outward coats. Od. xiv.

654
Castrell = kestrel. Pref. to II. p. xc.
Cates = delicacies. II. xxiv. 71 ; Od.

x. 312
Cautelous = wily . H. H. 626
Cease (to) = to make to cease. II. vi.

318; xxii. 71
Censure = opinion. II. xiii. 655 ; Od.

ii. 106
Chaee (n. s. ) = enclosure. H. H. 435
Champi an = level country. II. xii. 29 ;

xxi. 376
Changeling = waverer. II. v. 883
Cheat = seconds-bread. Bat. 52
Check = reproof. II. ii. 213; iii. 37;

Od. ii. 155
Check, to take = hesitate. II. xiii. 500
Choleric. Od. xviii. 473
Circular = always returning, vehement,

H. H. 874
Circumscription. H. V. 425
Clange. II. iii. 5 ; x. 244
Claver-grass = clover. H. to Earth,

26, p. 117
Cloddy. II. v. 49
Clossets = closes. H. to Pan, 27
Closure = union. II. viii. 283
Clottered. II. iv. 231 ; v. 801
Clout (to) = beat. Od. xviii. 43
Coach. II. iii. 325 ; Od. vii. 5
Coloquintidas = pumpkins. Bat. 88
Commixtion. Od. x. 640
Commons = allowance of food. Hes.

Bk. ii. 290
Compact. II. vi. 435
Compell = collect. II. v. 650
Complotting. II. iv. 24
Comprehend = contain. II. xxiii. 58
Comprobation = approbation. II. i.

Com. p. 25
Concave = heaven. II. ii. 507
Conceit = thought. II. viii. 438; ix. 80
Conceited = designed. II. ix. 184
Conceiting = thinking. Bat. 214
Conduct = convoy. II. i. 18. 143
Conf ect (to) = make up. II. xi. 556

Confer (to) = give. II. ii. 307 ; iii. 7
Confer ( to ) = talk together. Od . vi . 444
Confine (to) = bound. II. ii. 365
Confine (to) = terminate. Od. v. 365 ;

xv. 443
Confirmance. Od. iii. 497
Confluence = flowing together. II. xvii.

654
Confluent = affluent. II. ix. 157
Confluent = water. Bat. 24
Consolate (to). Od. viii. arg. 2
Consorts = companions. II. xxiii. 231
Consorts = companionships. II. vi. 215
Consortia concert. H. H. 834
Consort (to) v. a. Od. i. 429 ; ii. 9 ;

viii. 54
Consorted = associated with. II. viii.

385
Conspicuity. Od. xxiv. 120
Constrain = draw together. II. viii.

17
Consults = deliberations. II. x. 281
Contained = restrained. II. iii. 198
Contendress. H. V. 112
Continent = possession. 11. i. 170
Conti nent = that which contains. Od.

xii. 323
Continuate = continuous. Od. iv. 962 ;

x. 119
Convent = convene. II. ii. 8; vii. 291
Conversant = employed in. II. v. 791 ;

Od. xiv. 97
Converted = turned towards. II. x.

164
Convince (to) = overcome. II. vi. 182
Cookly. II. xxiv. 556
Co-partner. II. ii. 572
Cope == match. II. v. 472
Cope = concave of heaven. II. v. 573
Core = heart (cceur). Od. viii. 281
Cormorand. Od. xvii. 508 (see note)
Cotes = sheep-cotes, shepherds' houses.

II. xviii. 535
Cote (to) = to pass by. II. xxiii. 324

(see note), 456 ; Od. xiii. 421
Couched = laid close together. II.

xiii. 719 ; xvii. 235
Counterbraves. II. xvi. 580
Counterprise. H. V. 301

262

INDEX.

Covert. Od. xxiv. 204

Coward. Od. xviii. 108 (see note)

Coy. II. xx. 158

Crased = stunned. II. xv. arg. 5

Cressets. Od. xviii. 496

Crible = seconds-bread. Juv. 139

Crown = sovereign. II. i. 274

Crown = circle. II. xv. 7

Crown = end, fulfilment. II. ii. 286

Crowning = fulfilment. II. ii. 304

Crows = crow-bars. 11. xii. 273

Cuff (to) = buffet. II. xxii. 124

Cuffs (n. s.) = buffets. II. xxiii. 208

Cunningly = skilfully. II. ii. 373

Curace = cuirass. II. vii. 222; viii.

163. (Plural xi. 387)
Curets = shirt of mail. II. iii. 343 ;

iv. 153 ; x. 63. The same word as

above
Curious = careful. II. xxiv. 162
Curiously = carefully II. ii. 225 ; vi.

413
Currie = quarry. II. xvi. 145, 693
Cyper's-grass = galingale. Od. iv. 802

(see II. xxi. 333)

D.

Dainty. II. ii. 680

Damask and damasked = inlaid. II.

x. 63 ; iii. 345
Dancery. Od. viii. 504
Dare (to) = to venture. II. i. 228
Dare (to) = to provoke (pain). II. xi.

406
Dare = defiance. II. xx. 196
Darksome. II. xi. 318, 402
Deaded. Od. xviii. 372
Deathful. II. i. 93
Deathless. II. ii. 420
Deathsman. II. xxiv. 457
Declined = turned aside. II. v. 807;

Od. iv. 295
Deduction = leading away, conveyance

home. Od. viii. 39, 202
Deedless = inactive. II. iv. 351
Deedless = causing inaction. Od. xii.

480
Deepsome. Od. iv. 769

Deface (n. s.) II. vi. 298

Defame = disgrace. II. vii. 81 ; xvii.

474
Defamed = disgraced. Od. i. 386
Defect = fault. II. xiii. 102
Deft. II. i. 580
Deject = hurl-down. Bat. 228.
Delayful. Ocl. iv. 1041
Delicious = delicate. It. v. 413; Od.

xxiv. 370
Delightsome. II. xii. 313 ; H. A. 322
Delightsomely, II. ii. 235
Den = herd or pack. II. xi. 417
Den (to) = dwell. H. A. 112
Deny = saynay. II. vi. 166; vii. 303
Depeople (to). II. xix. 146 ; Od. ix.

75
Depopulacy. Bat. 405
Depopulate. II. ii. 611
Depose (to) = lay down. II. xix. 34
Deposition = laying-down. II. A. 710
Deprave (to) = to defame, dishonour.

II. vi. 564 ; Bat. 106
Deprave (n. s.) — defamation. Od.

xxii. 585
Deprehended = caught in the act. II.

vi. 358
Derisory = mocking. Hes. Bk. ii.

325
Desertful = meritorious. Pref. to II.

p. lxix.
Designment. II. ii. 454
Desire = regret. II. xvii. 380 ; Od. v.

277
Deviceful. Od. i. 208
Difference (to) v. a. II. v. 130
Dight (to) = to winnow (really to pre-
pare.) Hes. Bk. ii. 343; Bk. of

Days, 67
Dignified = rendered worthy. Od. xiii.

84
Disanimates = discourages. II. xvi.

603
Disclosed = discovered, looked upon.

II. xxi. 467
Discoloured = divers-coloured. II. xvi.

160
Discovery — declaration. II. i. 70
Discrepance = difference. II. xi. 442

INDEX.

263

Disease (to) = disturb, arouse. II. x.
45 ; Od. v. 68

Disease (n. s.) = unrest, uneasiness.
Od. iv. 188

Disfurnished. II. ii. 525

Disgrace = disfavour. II. ix. 20

Disgrace (to) = to disfavour, be unkind
to. Od. i. 365

Dishelm (to). Od. xiv. 383

Disherit (to). Od. ix. 3

Dishonoured = dishonourable. II. iv.
arg. 10

Disinnamed. II. xii. 400

Disjunctions. II. i. 253

Dislived = deprived of life. Od. xxii
355

Disperpled = sprinkled. II. xi. 466;
Od. x. 473

Display (to) = to show. II. v. 693

Display (to) = to view. II. xi. 74;
xvii. 90 ; Od. v. 350

Disposure. Od. iii. 71

Dispraise (to)=to blame. Od. ii. 214

Dispread. II. iv. 490

Dissentiously. II. ii. 22, 54

Dissite = distant, sundered apart. Od .
vii. 270

Dissolved — let loose. II. v. 353

Dissundered. Od. i. 36

Distain. II. v. 33 ; xxii. 349

Distempering = disturbing, discourag-
ing. II. xiv. 35

Disterminate = divided, separated hy
bounds. Od. x. 106

Distinguished = varied. II. v. 758

Distract = distracted. II. xi. 475

Distrustful. Od. iv. 1022

Diters = winnowers. II. v. 499

Dites = winnows. II. v. 498. (See
note on this passage in our second
edition. The word seems usually
applied to winnow, and is found in
an old political squib of the time of
Richard II. in Disraeli's Amenities
of Literature (chap, xii.), "Let
Piers the Plowman dwell at home,
and dyght us corn.")

Ditionary — provincial, contributory.
Juv. 180

Diversly. II. ii. 347

Diversory = way -side inn. Od. xiv.

536
Diverted = turned away. II. xxiii. 47
Dooms = decisions. II. iii. 78, 337;

xviii. 457
Dop-chick = dab- chick. Od. xv. 636
Dorp = village. II. xi. 587
Doubt = redoubt, battlement. II. xii.

286
Doubtless (n. a. ) = undoubting. Od.

iv. 344
Down (to) = keep down. II. xxi. 56;

Od. xix. 702
Downright = plain, without ceremonv.

II. xxiv. 637 ; Mus. 396
Dreadless. II. x. 261
Drifts = designs. II. ix. 26; x. 88
Dubbed = stuck on, loaded. II. i.

448 ; ii. 369 ; Od. iii. 619
Duke = leader. II. ii. 4-70; Od. iii.

532
Durance. Bat. 21
Dusted = thumped. II. xxi. 377 (see

note)
Dwarfy. Od. ix. 692

Eager = sharp. II. x. 150; xi. 231
Eagerly = sourly , sharply. II. i. 99
Eared = ploughed. II. xviii. 492
Effeminacies. 11. vi. 347
Egression. Od x. 33
Eld = old age. II. xxiii 688
Elephant = ivory. Od. xix. 77; xxiii.

308
Elusive = mocking. II. xi. 319
Embattelling. II. iv. 308 ; xvi. 155
Embossed = foaming at the mouth.

II. iv. 258 ; Od. vi. 510 (see note)
Embrodery. Od. xvii. 39
Embrued - imbued with moisture.

Od. vi. 185; xvii. 125; xix. 644 (see

note)
Emperv = sovereign authority. II. i.

86 ; Od. iv. 233
Emprise = enterprise. II. xi. 257
Enambushed. II. x. 257

264

INDEX.

Enchased = enclosed. II. xv. 147;

xix. 346 ; Od. ii. 415
Encoached. H. A. 373
Endears. Od. xv. 30
Endless = immortal. H. H. 411
Endless = last. II. xxiii. 125
Endlessly = for ever. II. iv. 565
Enflamed = set on fire. Od. iii. 17
Enflowered. Od. v. 96 ; xiii 286
Enf orceful. H. V. 247
Enforcive. II. viii. 212 ; x. 128
Enfranchise (to) = set free. II. i. 96 ;

v. 374 ; Od. xi. 400
Enfranchisement. II. v. 375
Enginous = ingenious. Od. i. 452
Engored. II. xxi. 22
Engrailed = variegated. II. xxiii. 761
Engrost = made thick, large. II. x vii.

640 ; Od. v. 374
Enranked. II. iii. 339
Enslumbered = put to sleep. II. xxi v.

399
Ensphere (to). Od. iii. 78 ; xiii. 271
Ensue (to) = to follow upon. II. xi.

463; H. A. 719
Entoiled = entangled, surrounded.

II. ii. 455
Envy = grudge. II. xiii. 477 (see note) ;

xxiii. 478
Equalize = to render equal. II. xi.

297. (See Pref. Poem to Reader, 17)
Erring = wandering. II. ii. 402 et

passim
Escape = transgression of female vir-
tue. II. ii. 312 ; v. 358
Escheat = plunder. II. viii. 439
Eternified. Od. i. 162
Events = issue. II. xxii. 44
E version = overthrow. II. ix. 48
Evicke = ibex. II. iv. 122
Evulsion. II. xxi. 171
Example (to), v. a. II. iv. 238 ; v. 804
Exanimate. II. xvii. 598
Exciteful. Hes. Bk. ii. 423
Exemplary = as a specimen, sample.

Juv. 185
Exempt = perfect. II. ix. 604; x. 214
Exhale (to) = draw out. II. xx. 195
Exhorts = exhortations. II. xi. 183;

xvi. 358

Exile- (to) = banish. II. xvi. 369

Expansure. II. xvii. 320

Expect (to) = await. II. iv. 359; Od.

iv. 1061 et passim
Expectance. Od. xi. 475
Expert = skilful. II. iv. 311. =free

from. H. V. 358 (see note)
Expiscating = searching into. II. x.

181
Explode (to ) = drive out with dis-
grace. Hes. Bk. ii. 570
Explore (to) = search out. II. i. 543;

vi. 140
Expugn (to) = take by assault. II. iv.

arg. 2
Expulse (to) = drive out. II. vi. 566 ;

viii. 467
Expulsive. II. xii. 187 ; Hes. Bk. ii.

225
Expulsnre = driving forth. II. xi. 339
Ex quire (to) = search out. Od. iv. 520
Exsequies. II. xxii. 446 (see Bk. xxiii.

arg. 1)
Exspire (to) = breathe out. Od. ix.

554
Extenuate (to) = render less. II. xvi.

673
Extremes = necessities. II. ii. 300
Eyeful = visible. II. x. 396
Eyeshot = range of eye. II. i. Com.
. p. 23, line 5
Eyne = eyes. II. x. 487; Od. xvi.

217

F.

Fadging. II. xxii. 194

Falls. II. ii. 396

Fame = report. Od. iii. 126

Fantasy. II. ii. 45

Fat (to) = fatten. Od. xiv. 60

Fatal = destined. II. viii. 344; Od.

ii. 515
Faultful. Od. i. 47
Fausens = eels. II. xxi. 190
Fautour = favourer, patron. II. i. 441
Fau tress = patroness. II. xxiii. 671.
Fawn (n. s.) = fawning. Od. x. 286
Fawn (to) = court, entice. Odd. xii. 7 1 :
Fearful = timid. II. i. 290; xxiii.

740; Od. xx. 381

INDEX.

265

Fellowlesa = peerless. II. ii. 434 ;

xii. 108
Fells = skins. II. ix. 630; Od. iii. 58
Feltred = matted, clotted. IL iii. 219
Fenceful. Bat. 190
Fere = companion. II. xviii. 339
Ferrary = art of working in iron. IL

xiv. 141
Fescue. H. A. 288 (see note)
'Fetched = reached (a naval term).

Od. xxiv. 219
Fictive = imaginary. Od. Ep. Ded.,

p. xlix line 9
Fight = bulwark. IL xii. 271
Filed = defiled. II. xvi. 733; xviii. 21
Filed = polished (filed-speech). Od. vL

219 ; H. H. 568
Fistulary = like a pipe. H. H. 896
Flaw = gust of wind. IL iv. 449
Fled = put off. Od. iv. 339
Fleer (to) = leer. II. xi. 343
Fleet = float. IL xix. 204
Flesh (to) = initiate. II. xiii. 158
Flexure = turning of the goal. IL

xxiii. 409
Flies = transcends, escapes. IL xvi

Com. p. 104, line 18 ; Od. xvii. 504
Flitting = floating. Od. viii. 789
Fluences = pourings forth. IL xvi. 244
Fluent = a stream. H. A. 28
Fly (to) = pass over, avoid. Od. xvii.

423
Foil = defeat. IL vi. 344-5, 372; viii.

478
Foody. II. xi. 104 ; Od. ii. 558
Footmanship. Od. iv. 270
Forceful. Od. xv. 313
Forechace. IL xvii. 637
Forefeels. IL xiv. 113
Foregale. Od. iv. 485
Foregoes. IL ii. 281
Forehead of the Morn. IL ix. 347
Forepast. H. to Hercules, line 7, p.

104
Foreright. Od. iii. 244 ; H. A. 639
Foreseen IL vi. 385
Foresent. Od. iii. 245
Forespeak. IL xvi. 792 ; xvii. 32 ;

H. A. 307

Foreteams. IL xvi. 352
Forewhile. Od. ii. 256
Fore winds. Od. ix. 130 ; xi. 866
Fountful. IL xiv. 238
Franchisement = freedom. IL v. 375
Frequent = numerous. II. ii. 71
Fret (to) = to ornament with raised

work. IL ix. 184
Frets = stops of a lute. H. H. 87
Froes = frows, women. IL vi. 129
Frontless = shameless. II. i. 159 ; Od.

i. 425
Fulsome = nasty. Od. xvii. 556
Fume ranger. II. i. 100 ; Od. xvii. 281
Funeral = death. IL viii. 309
Furrow = lair, II. xi. 105
Futurely. IL vi. 201 ; xxiv, 390

G.

Gabardine =coarsecloak. Od. xiv. 742
Gables = cables. Od. vi. 415 et passim
Gadding. Od. vi. 430
Galingale = sweet cyperus. IL xxi. 333
Gamed = played at games. II. xxiii. 574
Gavel = shea! of corn. IL xxi. 328
Gaze (at-gaze) = staring. A stag was

said to look at-gaze when it looked

as it were full at you. IL iii. 149 ;

xx. 303; Od. vii. 181
Gay some. IL xi. 194
Giggots = slices. IL i. 452 ; ii. 372
Girlond = garland, L e. crown. Od. i. 619
Gladded. Od. xix. 88
Gleby. IL iii. 81

Glew (to) = join together. II. xviii. 540
Glibness = smoothness, slipperiness.

Od. xii. 130
Glister = glitter. Od. xviii. 280
Glorious = boasting. IL xiii. 738
Gloriously = boastingly. II. iii. 20
Glose (to) = to deceive. Od. iii. 139.

= flatter. Od. xv. 99, 344
Gloss = lustre. IL i. 133
Gobbets = mo uthfuls. Od. ix. 512
Grace = favour. IL vi. 290
Gracious = graceful. II. xviii. 23
Gratulate = confer favour. II. xxi. 422
Grave = heavy. IL v. 752

266

INDEX.

Grave (to) = to bury. II. vii. arg. 7
Graved = put into the grave. II. xxiv.

705
Green = fresh. Od. xi. 46
Guardfully. II. i. 441
Guise -- custom. II. iii. 284
Gulfy. II. x. 7 ; xiii. 33
Gulls = swallows. II. xxi. 132

H.

Hability = power. II. xi. 673
Hales = hauls, drags. II. v. 478 et

passim
Halsers and halsters = hawsers. Od.

ii. 609 ; v. 33:*
Harpsical = harpsichord. H. A. 293
Hatched = inlaid. II. xxiii. 700
Health = safety. II. xv. 683
Hearten = encourage. II. i. 444
Heartless = out-of -heart. II. xv. 298
Heartquakes = fears. II. vii. 188
Heat = courage. II. ii. 323
Heaven = past tense of heave. II. xxiii

299
Heavy = sad. II. ii. 699; xvii. 30
Heired = inherited. II. v. 296 ; xiv. 90
Helm = handle. Od. v. 312
Helpless = unaiding. II. vi. 385
Helptire = assistance. II. v. 253
Herby = grassy. II. v. 39 ; Od. iv. 453
Herdful. lies. Bk. i. 494
Hernshaw. II. x. 243
Het = past tense of heat. Od. xix. 594;

xxi. 246
Hind = servant. Hes. Bk. ii. 205
Hind = doe. II. xi. 105
Hogherd. II. xxi. 263
Hoice and hoise = hoist. II. ix. 403;

Od. ii. 609 et passim
Hollows = shouts, halloes. H. V. 24
Honorary (n. s. ) = gift. Od. xiii. 16
Horror = bristling. II. vii. 49 et pas-
sim
Housewifely. II. to Vesta, p. Ill,

line 6
Humans = men, mortals. II. xii. 64;

H. A. 298
Humorous = moist, watery. II. xxi.
186; Od. iv. 1020

Hurls = hurlings. H. A. 24
Husband (to) = cultivate. Od. xxiv.
349

I.

Idol = image. Od. xxiv. 19etaW4
Illuded = mocked, deluded. II. xiv.

302 ; H. H. 642
Illustrate = illustrious. II. viii. 252;

x. 251
Illustrated = brightened with light.

Od. v. 2
Immane = huge,- cruel. II. xxi. 296
Immartial = not warlike. Od. ii. 100
Immortalize = render deathless. II.

xvi. 416
Imp (to) = to insert a feather. Hes.

Bk. ii. 382
Impair (n. s. ) = detriment. II. ix. 75 ;

xi. 275
Impair (to) = depreciate. II. x. 221
Impales = surrounds. Od. v. 308
Imperatory = governing. H. H. 807
Impervial = unpassable. Hes. Bk. ii.

463
Implied = enfolded. II. iv. 521 ; Od.

i. 509
Important = anxious. II. vi. 560
Importuned == vexed. II. v. 319; vii.

317
Impose = place upon, or in. II. xviii.

28 ; Od xiii. 553
Impostorous = cheating. Od. Ep. Bed.

p. 7 ^

Improve = reprove. II. x. 108
Impulsion. II. ix. 182 ; Od. xxiv. 316
Impurpled. II. vi. 227 ; H. A. 482 .
Inaccessible = unapproachable. II. i.

550; xx. 450
Incense (to) = feel angry. II. xiii. 430.

To rouse to anger." II. iv. arg. 12
Incense (to) = to set on fire. II. xxiii.

164
Incensory = altar. II. xi. 686
Incessancy. Od. i. 248
Inclose = harness. Od. iii. 658
Inclusions. II. xvi. 291
incontinent = immediate. II. xxiv.

299

INDEX.

267

Incorrupted = uncorruptible. II. xxi.

458
Inculpable. II. iv. 103
Indecently — unbecomingly. Od. xvi.

140
Indevirginate = unmarried. H. V. 11
Indifferent = impartial. II. vi. arg.

1 ; xiii. 9
Indistinguished = undistinguishable,

plain. II. ix. 301
Induction = entrance. Od. vi. 406
Inenarrable. II. ii. 422
Inevitable = not to be avoided. Hes.

Bk. i. 142
InexpiK.te = implacable. II. ix. 493
Inexpugnable. II. xxi. 413
Infer (to)=to bring in. 11. vii. 183
Infestive = tioublesome. II. viii. 151
Inflamed = set in flames. II. i. 312
Inflexive. H. to Mars, 35
Influent = attracting. Od. Ep. Ded.

xlvi.
Informed = made. II. vi. 122; H. A.

575, 779
Informs = animate. II. xx. 52 (see

note) ; xxii. 311
Infortunate. II. xix. 125
Infortune. Od. iii. 234 ; xx. 219
Infract. II. ii. 419
Ingenerate = born. II. xviii. 323
Ingression. Od. vii. 110
Inn (to) = to gather in. Hes. Bk. ii.

158, 364
Innative. II. iv. 524; Od. v. 37
Inquest = search. Od. i. 146
Insea'd = inclosed by sea. II. xi. 637
Insecution = pursuit. II. xi. 524 ;

xxiii. 448
Inspersion = sprinkling in. II. xi. 452
Instruct = fitted. Od. iv. 755
Instructed = drawn -up. II. v. 495
Insultance. Od. ix. 635
Insultation. II. xiii. 556
Integuments. II. xxii. 446 ; Od. xvi.

619
Intend = attend to. II. vi. 98; viii.

80; Od. iii. 648
Intendments = intentions. II. xvi.

356

Intentively = scrupulously. Od. viii.

772
Interested = placed among. Od. x\\

326
Interminate. Od. vii. 397
Interprease = interpose. Od. iv. 896
Intervent. II. xi. 609
Inure = use, commit. II. viii. 311 ;

Hes. Bk. ii. 490
Invitement = invitation. Od. x. 345
Involved = rolled in. II. ii. 179
Irrision = mocking. II. ii. Com. p. Ix.

line 4.

Jacks = jerkins. II. xiii. 637 (see

note) ; Bat. 188
Jar = quarrel. II. i. 315 ; xiv. 176, 177
Jet (to) = to strut. Od. xiii. 227
Jetty = black. II. ii. 629
Junkets. Od. vi. 106 (see note) ; Bat.

60
Justs = games, tournaments. Od. vii.

265; Mus. 412
Justled. Od. xix. 229

K.

Keels = ships. Od. xxiv. 400
Kels = cauls. II. xxiii. 223
Kelsine = kelson. II. i. 426
Kept = dwelt. Od. iv. 1077
Kerved = carved. Od. i. 182; iii. 59
Kitling = kitten. Od. xii. 137
Kymnels = household-tubs. Bat. 54

Laboursome. Od. xxii. 634

Laced (strait-laced) = strict. II. xii.

426
Lackey = go on foot. II. xiv. 253 ; Od.

v. 131
Landleapers. Od. xvii. 508 (see note)
Largess. Od. xvii. 350
Laterally. II. xi. 216 ; Od. iii. 614
Laver = washing vessel. Od. iv. 63
Lea veless = leafless. II. ii. 370
Leavy = leaf y. II. vi. 127. Lea vy gates

= folding doors. II. vi. 86

268

INDEX

Leech = physician. II. I v. 232

Legacy = embassy. II. vii. 349 ; ix. 220

Legacy = bequest. II. iv. 373

Legate. II. iii. 226 ; ix.. arg. 3

Lengthful. II. xi. J 82

Leopard. II. xvii. 15

Lets = hindrances. Od. xiii, 38

Lewd =■ dissolute. Od. vi. 318

Lib = castrate. Hes. Bk. of Days, 41

Libertine = a freeman. II. xvi. 50

Lightsome, II. xvii. 319 ; Hes. Bk. ii.

58
Likes = pleases. IL vii. 29
Linne = flax. II. ii. 459
Liquorous = lickerous, dainty. Juv.

280
List = wish. Od. iv. 799
Liveries = deliveries. IL v. 529
Liverings = liver-puddings. Bat. 58
Loathes = creates disgust in. II. xiv.

74
Look = appearance. IL i. 200 ; v. 842
Loser = destroyer. II. xviii. 109
Lucerns. II. xi. 417, 421 (see note)
Lurch = deceit. H. H. 336
Lust = wish. Od. xiii. 503
Luster = den. Od. xvii. 159
Lybberds = leopards. H. V. 120

M.

Macerate. Epigram, p. 130, line 38
Malapertly = saucily. Juv. 135
Mall = beat. Od. xviii. 44
Mandilion = a sort of cloak. IL x. 120
Mankind = masculine. IL V. 119
Manless = cowardly. II. iii. 39. = in-
human. II. ix. 64
Manlessly = inhumanly. IL xxii. 405
Marine. Od. xxiv. 67
Maritimal = sea-side. IL xxiii 50 ;

Od. v. 91
Ma^k (v. n.) = disguise. II. v. 187
Masterful. IL ii. 410
Mate (to) = oppose. Od. iv. 218 (see

note)
Maund = basket Od. vi. 105
Mazers = cups. Hes. Bk. ii. 564
Meated. IL ii. 336 ; viii. 443
Mechanicals = mechanics, Od. vi. 422

Memorised = remembered. IL iii. 48S
Mere = entire, one's own. IL vi. 18$

et pa«sim
Merit (v. a.) = to reward. II. ix. 258
Met — measured. 11. iii, 327
Metalline, Od. xxiii. 233
Mettle = spirit. IL xxiii. 561
Minion (in a bad sense). Od. xviii.

557 ; xix. 96
M mistress. Mus. 100
Misease, IL xiii. 521 ; Od. xiii. 139
Miss = loss. II. ii. 4; xiii. 683; Oct

xiii. 325
Mittens = hedging-glo ves. Od. xxi v .

304
Moil = toil. IL xxiii. 637
Moists (v. a.). IL xxii. 428
Monied = converted into money. IL

xi. 590
Monster = show. II. iii. 42
Mows = stacks. Od. xviii. 47
Mulct = penalty. IL iii. 485
Murrion. IL x. 227
Muse = haunt of an animal. II. xi. 368

N.

Natural = legitimate. II. iii. 259 ;

xiii. 166 ; xvi. 182
Neat = pure. IL iv. 276
Neat = oxen. II. xviii. 480
Neesing = sneezing. Od. xvii. 732
Negleetive. II. xiv. 356
Nephew = grandson. Od. xxiv. 690
Nervy. II. xvii. 253
Netify = polish. IL ii. Com. p. 56
Nock and nocked. IL iv. 133, 138 ;

viii. 281
Noiseful. Od. xxiv. 553 ; Mus. 329

O.

Objected = presented. Od. xi. 501
Observed = preserved. Od. x. 505
Occurrents (n. s.). 11. xi. 75.1; xxiv.

172
Ocular = visible. Od. xxiii. 115
Odd = unequalled. Od. viii. 397 ;

xxii. 251 (see Addenda).
Offend = strike. 11. xiii. 510

INDEX.

269

Ope(n. a.). II. xii. 123
Opposed = opposite. II. ii. 556
Opposite = in contest. II. ii. 519
Opprobration. H. H. 605
Optimates. 11. ix. 322 ; Od. i. 386
Orby. 11. iii. 357
Ordure. II. xxiii. 674
Ostent = prodigy. II. ii. .277, 280;

Od ii. 249
Ostentful. Od. xv. 214
Ossifrage = osprey. Od. iii. 506
Osspringer = osprey. II. xviii. 557
Otherwhere. II. xviii. 450
Ought = owed. II. xi. 608
Outray = to fly out. II. v. 793
u trays = outrageous. II. xxiii. 506;

Bat. 80
Outscape. Od. ix. 423
Outwrought. II. xxii. 119
Overgo. Hes. Bk. i. 517
Overlaid = covered. II. xxi. 379
Overpaise = overbalance. Hes. Bk.

ii. 439
Overseen = deceived. II. xiv. arg. 2
Overthwart = adverse. II. xxi. 255
Overthwarts (adv. ). II. xxiii. 107
O verture = opening. H. H. 41
Owe = own. II. ii. 736 ; Od. ii. 190
Oxy. II. iv. 139

P.

Paise = weight, balance. II. xii. 375,

430
Palfrey. Od. vii. 2
Palisadoes. II. vii. 366 ; viii. 297
Palm = deers' horns. II. iv. 124
Palm = palm of hand. II. v. 879
Pantler = pantry -servant. Juv. 134
Paramour. 11. xvi. 46
Parcel-gilt. Od. xxiii. 438 (see note)
Parley. II. iii. 86
Parricide. Od. iii. 262
Pashed — crushed. II. xiii. 299
Passages. II. xxiii. 579 (see note)
Pass (to) = surpass. II. ii. 594; iii.

174 ; Hes. Bk. ii. 497
Penury = in want of. Od. xvi. 45

Perfume (to) II. ii. 349 ; Od. xxiii. 74
Pervially = in passing. Bk. ii. Com.

p. 75 ; xiii. p. 31
Petu3ancy = wantonness. Bat. 264
Picked = piked, pointed. II. iv. 126
Pile = point, or barb of arrow. II. iv.

139, 488 ; xi. 205
Pile = heap. H. A. 40
Pinch (to) = press on like dogs. II. v.

■46&; viii. 294; Od xix. 318
Pine (to), v. a. II. iii. 194
Pined = worn out, withered. 11. v.

160
Pittance = small portion. II. xi. 547
Plain = complain. V. vi. 345
Plained = levelled. II. xii. 42
Plaints = complaints. II. xxiii. 32
Planky. II. xii. 442
Plashing. H. H. 351 (see note)
Plumed = plucked the feathers. Od.

xv. 697
Plumps = crowds. H. A. 213
Poitrils = pectorals. II. v. 738; xix.

380
Policies ±= schemes, stratagems. Od.

xxiii. 207
Poll ed-off= stripped off. II. xvi. 113
Portly = grand. Od. iv. 487
Prease = press, passim
Prefixed = foredoomed. II. xviii. 414
Prejudice = loss. II. ix. 351
Premonitions = notice. Od. ii. 321
Preposterously. II. v. 584 (see note>
Presence = demeanour. II. iii. 186
Presents = represents. II. xvii. 51
Prest = hired. Od. iv. 861 (see note)
Prest = ready, passim
Presumes = presumptions. II. xi. 495
Pretermit. II. xxiv. 79
Prevent (to) = anticipate. II. v. 122;

xvi. 793
Prey = booty. II. ii. 205
Preyful, H. V. 115
Prise = booty. II. i. 119 (see note)
Prise = grasp. II. iv. 139
Procinct = girding. II. xii. 89 (see

note)
Profuse (to), v. a. =pour forth, waste.

Od. xxi. 156

270

INDEX.

Profused — poured forth. II. xxiv.

295
Proin (to) = to lop off. II. x. 397 ;

Od. i. 302 ; xxiv. 300
Pr oilers == wanderers in quest of plun-
der, Od. xi. 490
Propensions = inclinations. EL to

Earth, p. 117, line 12
Proper = its own. Od. vii Wl
Proposing = holding out. II. i. 14 ;

v 471; xi. 554
Proud. See Od, xx. 235 (see note).

= luxuriant. Od. xxiii. 289
Proyniog = preening. H. to Pho&bus,

p. 110
Puft = puff. Od. v. 65; vi. 28
Pursenets. See Juv 190
Purveyed, Od, i. 180; iii. 646

Q.

QuaiKT= pretty. Od. xiii. 327 (see

note)
Qualitied. II. xiv. 104
Queaeh = thicket Od. xix. 610 (see

note) ; H. A. 375 ; H. to Pan, p. 106
Quern =handmill. Od. vii. 139
Quick = alive, life. II vi. 296 ; xxii.

332
Quilt (to). II. x. 230 ; Bat. 190
Quite (to) or quit = pay. II. i. 95;

v. 655 ; x. 23
Quitture = issuer discharge. . II. xiv.

7; xxiv. 374

R.

Race = rase, scratch. II. iv. 158 et

Raft = reft. II. xi. 332
Rage = power, inspiration. II, i. 66
Ramped = raged. Od. i. 291
Rampire = rampart. II. iv. 361 ; Od,

vii. 61
Ranch = wrench, tear. II. v. 856
Random Od. v. 422
Rapeful. II. i. 251
Rapinous. H. H, 692
Rapt = snatched, Od. xvii. 618

Rapting, Bat, 417

Rapture = seizure. Od. xiv. 428

Rare nearly. Od. vi. 422

Rate = estimation. II. i. 109; xx. 287

Rate»= qualifications, II, iv, 275

Rates = consents? ratifications. IL

i. 509
Rate (to}- to ratifv. II. iii. 123
Ravelin, II vii. 289
Ravine = snatching. lies, Bk. ii. 573
Ray = eye. H. H. 368
Rearfeast = latter portion of feast.

Od. iv. 286
Reave (to) = take by violence. Od.

Ep Ded. p. 10; Od. xvii 106
Recoil — defeat. II. xi. 666
Re-collect. Od. v. 617
Re- comfort. II. xxii. 73 ; Od. xiv. 226
Re-cure = recovery. IL i. 436 ; v. 898
Recured— recovered. II. v, 896
Recureless. II. xvi, 446
Recusant. Mus. 227
Redemptory. II. i. 94
Redition = return. Od. vi. 486
Red diti on = translation , ex planation.

Bk. ii. Com, pp. 56, 57
Reducers = bringers back. Od. xvi,

296
Befell = refute, repress. IL ix. 36;

Od. xxi. 120
Referred = gave back. OcL xviii. 221
Reflected = turned back. II. iii. 358 ;

vii. 229 ; ix. 180
Reflection — turning back, IL xviii,

404
Regiment = rule. IL xvi. 168
Remember— remind. II. xv. 31 ; Od.

x. 592
Remorse = pity. IL viii. 409 ; Od.

iv. 341
Remorseful = compassionate. II. viii,

208; Od. iv. 388
Remove = removal. IL ii. 134
Rendry = giving-up. Od. xxi. 26
Renown (to), v. a. II. i. 484 ; viii. 133
Renowmed. II. iv. 311
Repair = resort. Od. vi. 207
Repeat = repetition. II. xvi. 57
Repercussions. H. to Pan, 39

INDEX.

271

Reperemssive. H. to Mother of Gods,

p. 104
Reposed = replaced. II. xiii. 591
Repoured. II. x. 175
Repressions. II. xi. 472
Reprise. 11. xvii. ISO
Repulse (to) = repel. II. xi. 514; Od.

v. 570
Repulsive. II. xvii. 233
Repurchased = regained, IL xxii.

343
Require = seek, enquire. Od. xx, 215
Reremouse = bat. Od. xii. 610
Resolved = informed. II. iv. 37
Resound (n. s. ). II. v. 47
Respective = respectful. IL xi. 689;

xiii. 373
Respectless. Od. iv. 390
Resty = restiff. IL v. 234
Retire (to) = withdraw. II. iiL 81 ;

viii, 381
Retire (n. s.)= retreat. II. xi. 662
Retreat = return. IL ix. 143
Retreatful. Bat. 96
Return (to), v. a. = give account of.

II. ix, 580
Return (to) = restore, bring back.

Od. xxL 269
Revoked = called back. Od. xxiiL 5
Revoluble. II. ii. 256
Rew = row. II. vi. 256
Rigging = tricking. H. H 512
Rock = distaff. Od. vi. 77, 479
Room = place. II. xii. 360
Rout = rabble. II. xv. 249; Od. viii.

150
Roy. Od. v. 140
Rub— chance. II. xv. 245
Rue = pity. II. xxi. 72
Ruff = angrv mood, huff, IL xxiii.

517
Ruffmous. II. vi. 457
Ruin = fall. IL xvi. 436
Ruinate (to) = subvert. II. iv. 42 ;
- Hes. Bk. ii. 523
Rundled = rounded. II. vii. 239
Rush (to), v. a. II. v. 18
Ruts (v. a. ) = routs. Od. xviii. 47
Ruth = pity. II. ii. 20 ; vi. 419

S.

Sackful = pillaging. IL ii. 601
Sacring = consecrating. H. to Diana,

15
Sad = heavy. IL iv. 526 (see note)
Saft= past tense of save. IL v. 112;

Od iv. 674
Saised = seised, filled with. H. to

Moon, p. 119
Saker = falcon. Od. xv. 696
Sardinian = sardonic. Od. xx. 457

(see note)
Sattled = settled. Od. xviii. 345
Say to take. II. xix. 246 (see note)
Scandalling. Od. xxiv. 616
Scape (see Escape). H. to Mercury,

14, p. 106
Seconded. Od. xxi. 320
Secure = careless. IL x. 437
Secureful = protecting. IL vii. 209
Security = carelessness. IL xiii. 10
Seel (to) = sew up the eyes. II. xvi.

314 ; Od. xiii. 118
Seemless = unseemly. Od. xx. 397
Seised of = in possession. Od. i. 340
Sence = seven. Od. xii. 518 (see note)
Seres = talons. IL viii. 212; Od. ii.

238
Several = separate. IL ii. 714
Severally = separately. IL viii. 348
Sewer = carver. II. xxiv. 558 ; Od. i.

22L
Shame = modesty. Hes. Bk. i. 122
Shamefastness = modesty, Mus. 51
ShapefuL Od. xvii. 648
Shawms. IL x. 12
Sheaf == bundle of arrows. II. iv. 115
Sheath = shining appearance? Od.

xviii. 231
Shent= disgrace. Od. xxiii. 341 (see

note)
Shittle = shuttle. Od. v. 86
Shive and shivers = slices. Hes. Bk.

ii. 98, 99
Shots = reckoning. Od. i. 352 ; xi,

545 (see note)
Sho wed = appeared. Od. vi. 381
Shrewd = mischievous. IL viii. 233
. Shrewish. IL iv. 497

273

INDEJ.

Shrikes = shrieks. II. vii. 403

Shrowd = den. H. H. 695

Sieged = besieged. II. xi. 387

Sincere = pure, unmixed. H. A. 178

Skeane = a short sword. H. A. 819

Skiff. Od. v. 48

Slaughterous. II. xxi. 27 ; Od. xxiv.

600
Slick-- smooth. II. ii. 680
Slick (to). II. xxiii. 2 >9 ; Od vi. 359
Smalls = ankles. H. V. 143
Smoke (to) = discover. Od. iv. 338 ;

xi. 712
Snaky-- serpentine. II. ii. 779
Siiew = past tense of to snow, H. H.

884
Snore = snort. II. x. 420
Solemn = ceremonial, sacred. II. xi

641
Solicited = vexed. Ii. xvi 10
Solicitous = anxious. II. xviii. 2
Sooth = truth. 11. iv. 343
Sorcerous = containing enchantments.

Od. x. 378
Sorrel = reddish colour. Ii. xi. 590
Sort = number (or as we say lot). II.

iv. 460 ; v. 481
Sort = fate. 11. xii. 331
Sort (to) -happen. II. xxiii. 294
Sorted = fated. Od. xvii. 203
Soundful. Od. viii. 359
Spakey = specky, rotten. Juv. 273
Sparseth = disperses. II. xi. 268
Spelt = a kind of corn. Od. iv. 803
Spersed. II. xi. 55S
Spinster = a spinning woman. II. xii.

426
Spiny = thin, thorny. II. iii. 161 (see

Addenda to third edition)
Spiritful. II. xii. 194
Spleen = anger. II. iii. 103; viii. 420
Spleenless = kind. Od. xiii. 247
Spoil = spoiler. II. iv. 467
Spoilful = destructive. II. viii. 180;

Od. iii. 437
Spring = race. H. A. 554
Spring (to) = -produce. II. xxiv. 494
Springall. Bat, 379
Sprout = shoot, offspring. II. iii. 131

Spurry. II. xix. 387

Spurs = incitements. II x. 103

Stablish = settle. U. xi. 93

Stale = stele, shaft of arrow. II. iv.

173
Stares = starlings. II. xv. 541
Start =. past tense of to start. II.

xviii. 483 ; Od. ii. 581
States = princes. II. ii. 69 ; Od. i. 329
Stead = place of a thing, such as

homestead, navelstead, girdlestead,

chambers tead
Stere = tQ stir. Od. xxi. 324
Stern-part = breast {(rripvov). II. iv.

568
Sterved = starved. II. xviii. 144
Sting = impulse. II viii. 252 ; xiii. 233
Stitch = stich, furrow, II. xviii. 495-7
Stomach = be angry, haughty. II. v.

491
Stomach = courage. II. ix. 335
Stonage. lies. Bk. ii. 378
Stool-ball Od. vi. 139
Stoop (to), v. a. 11. vi. 408 ; xvii. 591
Strains^ families, race. Od. i. 344;

H. A. 231
Strait-laced = constrained. II. xii. 426
Straited = straitened. 11. xiv. 28
Strakes = iron with which wheels are

bound. 11. xx. 347
Strappled —- entangled. II. xvi. 438;

H. H. 720
Streaked = stretched. Od. ix. 416 ;

xii 148
Strip (to) = to pass by rapidly. XL A.

64-1
Stroy = destroy. II. xx. 37
Strouted = swelled. II. i. 464
Stub = short stock. II. xxiii. 305
Study = deep thought. H. H. 546
Stupid = astonished. Od. xiii. 247
Stupidity = astonishment. Od. vi. 252
Submitted = placed under. II xix. 258
Substanced. Od. iv. 119
Subtile = fine. 11 ix. 629
Sumpture = splendour, expense. H. H.

128
Suppliance = assistance. II. viii. 321.

= supplication. II. xviii. 402

INDEX.

273

Supply = compensation. II. i. 116
Supportful. Od. xxiii. 182
Supposes = suppositions. Od. xvii.

769
Surcease. II. vii. 45
Surcharged. 11. iv. 243
Surcuidrie = over-weening pride. II.

xvii. 20 (see note)
Surrebound. II. xxi. 361
Survival. Od. xvii. 711
Suspect = suspicion. II. i. 546; x. 210
Swathbands. H. A. 179, 190; H. H.

33
Sweet = suite. H. H. 244
Swet = past tense of sweat. Od. iv.

48 ; xi. 64

T.

Taint = blame. II. xiii. 235

Taint = touch, attempt. II. iii. 374

(see note) ; vii. 223
Taint (to) = to hit, touch. II. viii. 259 ;

xi. 478, 574 ; xiii. 449 ; Bat. 73
Take = overtake. Hes. Bk. ii. 511
Take-in (to) = conquer. II. ii. 10, 54,

119
Tamrick = tamarisk. II. x. 395
Tapish (to) = hide, seek cover. II.

xxii. 158
Tapistries = coverts, hiding-places.

H. to Pan, 25
Targeteers = armed with target. II.

ii. 339; viii. 178
Tarriance = delay . Od. iv. 507
Taste (to) = to try, test. Od. xxi. 211
Temper (to) = to moderate. Od. vi.

497
Tendered = regard with kindness. II.

xxiv. 670
Tennis. Od. v. 431
Thankless = not grateful to. II. iii. 12
Thirsted = desired. II. v. 694; Od.

iii. 393
Thirsty = desirous. II. v. 850
Thralls bond, subject, H. H. 924 ;

H. V. 181
Threaves = numbers. II. xi. 477
Throat = voices, noises. II. ii. 396

Throated = uttered. II. xiii. 135
iThrumbs = ends of weavers' threads.

II. xvi. 20
Tiller = bow. H. A. 13
Timeless = untimely. II. v. 557 ; vi.

349
Tincture = colour, H. to Juno, p. 103
Touch = feeling. II. xiii. 433
Transcended = climbed. Od. xvii.

377
Transcension = passing over. H. V.

487
Trebled = whined. H. H. 645
Tress = trace. 11. xxiii. 412
Trim = order, disposition. II. v. 365
Trim = geer. Od. v. 233; xiii. 228;

H. A. 245, 318, 639
Trim = dress. Od. vi. 233
Troublous. II. xix. 328
Trundlebed. Od. vii. 48
Truss = accoutrement. II. x. 19
Truss (to) = to seize and wound. II.

xxii. 124
Trussed = harassed. II. xii. 237
Tumble (to), v. a. Ii. xi. 282 ; xii. 23
Tutoress. H. H. 929
Twinks = twitters. Od. xxi. 548
Twybill = a kind of halberd. II. xv.

656
Tyring. See note on II. i. 422

U.

Unaltered = unalterable. Od. v. 148

Unbuild. II. xiii. 561

Unconquered = invincible. II. x. 425 ;

xvi. 451
Uncontained = irrestrainable. II. i. 93
Uncontrolled = uncontrollable. II. iii.

257
Uncore = uncover. Od. xvii. 194 (see

note)
Undeadly. II. xi. 390
Underdive. Od. xi. 198
Undergore. II. xiv. 408
Underput. II. xxi. 342
Undifferencing. H. H. 1006
Undiked. II. xv. 341

274

INDEX.

Unclisplaicl = not to be discovered.

H. H. 711
Un ended = endless. II. vi. 397
Unequal = unjust. Od. xiii. 28
Unexcogi table. H. H. 157
Unextinguished — inextinguishable.

II. xxii. 83
Unfiery. II. vii. 84
Unfrighted = not to be frightened.

11. xvii. 286
Ungear (to). II. xi, 536
Ungentle. II. i. 337 ; Od. xi. 218
Unneired = without an heir. IL v. 25
Unhorse. II. iv. 325
Unimpeached = unimpeachable. II.

vii. 267 ; ix. 383
Unleft = not left, II. ii. 622
Unlettered. 11. ii. 774
Unmatched = matchless, Od. xi. 617
Unmeasured = immeasurable. II. ii.

78 et alibi
Unpassionate = impartial. Od. x. 242
Unpleased = implacable. II. ix. 538
Unrecovered = irrecoverable. II. ix.

247
Unreached = that cannot be reached.

II xiii. 748
Unremorsef ul = unpi tying. 3 1. ix. 597
Unremoved = firm, irremovable. II.

xvii. 379
Unreproved = irreproachable. II. i. 87
Unresisted = irresistible. II. viii. 122
Unrest. II. xi. 340 ; Od. i. 641
Unruled = not to be ruled. II. ix.

162 ; Od. iv. 925
Unsatisfying — unsatisfactory. H. to

Pan, 71
Unsepulchred. 11. xxii. 331
Unsheath = pull out. II. v. 705
Unsilenced = not to be silenced. Od.

Ep. Ded. p. xlvi.
Unsuffered = insufferable. II. iii. 6
Unsure. Od. xvi. 493
Untamed = not to be tamed. II. ii.

133
Unthoughb-on. II. xxii. 331
Uuth rifts. Hes. Bk. ii. 170
Untrussed = with hose untied. Juv.

41

Unturned = not to be turned. II. viii.

165
Unvalued = invaluable. II. i. 12
Upbraids (n. s.). II. vi. 389
Upland = country. II. xiii. 523 ; Od.

i. 315
Uplandish = rustical. II. xxiii. 43
Ure = use. II. xvii. 545
Usually = won tedly. II. ix. 507
Utter = outer. Od. iv. 24

V.

Vatl = to lower. Final poem to

Odyssey, 10
Vail = ditch. II. iv. 479
Vanguard. II. iv. 267 ; viii. 188
Vaunt (n. ».) = boast. Ii. ii. 523
Vent (to) = to give birth to. II. xix.

97
Vent (to) = to give way to. II. xix.

406-7 m

Vinnoware = winnower. Hes. Bk. of

Days, 66
Virtuous = valorous. II. xiii. 148
Voiceful. II. iii. 263
Voluntary = musical term. H. H. 851
Vulturous = voracious. Juv. 77

W.

Waggon ess. IL v. 838
Wan -wand. Od. xi. 163-4
Wavy. IL ii. 446
Way less = pathless. Od. ii. 547
Wealthy. II. iii. 220 ; Od. iii. 478
Weed = dress. II. ii. 33, &c, &c.
Well-rode = well-riding. IL iii. 269
Wench = young woman. II. i. 295;

Od. iv. 977 (see note)
Whisking. Od. xxiv. 602
Whirlpits. II. xx. 75
Whitleather. IL xxii. 341 (see Ad-
denda to third edition)

INDEX.

275

Whorlbats. II. xxiii. 53 (see Ad-
denda to third edition) ; Od. viii.
285

Whuling = howling. Od. xii. 135

Wishful; Od. ix. 55

Wishly. II. xi. 522

Withdrawn-room. Od. xxiii. 8

Witty = wise. II. v. 68

Wiving. H. V. 414

Wrackful. Od. xiii. 209

Wraths (plural). II. iii. 354

Wreak = revenge (a common word).

II. iii. 25 ; Od. i. 583
Wreakful = revengeful. II. vii. 184;

Od. i. 396
Wreath = crown, II. iii. arg. 8 ;

xxiii. 578

Y.

Yare = ready, quick. II. v. 727
Yet = while. II. ix. 259
Yoted = soaked. Od. xix. 7

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48, STo John's square., olerkewell, e,c.